US1366424A - Tunnel-kiln - Google Patents

Description

A. C. SHEPARD.

TUNNEL KILN APPLICATION FILED JAN. 26. 1920.

Patented Jan. 25, 1921.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

Was

INVENTOR BY his ATTORNEY 8 MM A. C. SHEPARD.

TUNNEL KILN.

APPLICATION FILED um. 26. 1920.

1,366,424. Patented Jan. 25, 1921.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ARTHUR C. SHEPARD, 0F SEBBING, OHIO, ASSIGI IOR TO AMERICAN DRESSLER TUNNEL KILNS, INQ, OF NEW YORK. N. Y.. A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

TUNNEL-KILN.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented J an. 25, 1921.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I A-n'rnun C. SHEPARD, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Behring, in the county of Mnhoning and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Tunnel-Kilns, of which the following is a specification.

My present invention relates to tunnel kilns in which a high temperature zone is maintained in the kilns at adistance from the head or entrance end of the kiln, and in whml the portion of the kiln between the high eiu wrnturc zone and the entrance end forum it heating up zone through which the temperature varies more or less gradually fI'Ol'l'i one end to the other. in such a kiln as the goods are moved slowly through the kiln from its entrance end to and through the high temperature zone, the goods are gradually brought up to the high temperature prevailing in the high temperature zone. I

The object of the present invention is to provide simple and effective means whereby the temperature graduation in the heating up zone of the kiln is controlled, and my in veniion preferably comprises means where by the temperature in the heating up zone of the kiln may be adjusted to meet different operating conditions.

Mv present invention was primarily devised as improvement on the well-known llressler tunnel kiln in wl'iich the high temperature zone of the kiln is heated by the combustion of gas in combustion chambers located within the kiln at the high temperature zone thereof, andin which products of combustion are withdrawn from the combustion chambers proper through conduit extensions thereof passing through the heating up zone of 'thekiln to a point adjacent the duits are connected to some draft creating device suchas an exhzv' t fan or stack. In this type of kiln the heat remaining in the products of combustion leaving the'combustion chamber proper is to a lar e ektent radiated from the wnllsof the con uits conmeeting the combustion chambers to the draft creatin device, and the heat thus radiated is adsorbed by the oods assing through the heati upzone o the ki 11. In this type of kiln t ereis often a tendency for the mouth 'of the oven to be too hot, so

head end of the kiln where these com.

that the cold goods will be raised too rapidly in temperature on entering it. To avoid this too rapid heuting of the goods very undesirable with certain classes of goods, it has been the practice toninke the heating up zone longer than would be otherwise necessury to retard the rapid heating up of the goods or to place a long ante chamber in front of the kiln chamber proper, und :1 specific object of the present invention is to provide Simple and effective menus whereby the slow and gradual hunting up of the goods may be obtained with a heating up zone of shorter length than has heretofore been employed To accomplish this 1 pro vide simple and effective means whereby a portion only of the gaseous products of con bustion are utilized in treating the goods in the heating up zone of the kiln.

The various features of novelty which characterize my invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this specification. For a better understanding of the invention, however, and the advantages possessed by it reference should be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive mutter in which i have illustratml and described a preferred embodiment of my invention.

()f the drawings:

Figure 1 is a plan with the kiln wall in section of a. portion 01'' a tunnel kiln pro vided with my present invention;

Fig. 2 is an elevation in sci-lion on the line 22 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a section on the broken line 33 of. Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a partial section on the line 4-4 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a view taken similarly to Fig. 1 illustrating a modification; and

Fig 6 is a section on the line 6-6 of fn the drawings l have illustrated the a plication of my invention to a tunnel kin of the wellknown Dressler type. In the kiln shown, A represents the kiln chamber proper, and B the ante chamber at the entrance or head end of the kiln, Truck rails C are provided at the bottom of the chamber for the goods carrying cars N, and benches D are provided at the sides of the track on which are mounted the combustion chumbers E. These benches also serve to protect adjacent the goods oorrying ca'rs and-the truck upon which they run from the high "temperatures prevailing above the benches.

Each of the two combustion cluimbers E locatedone at each side of the kiln is formed as shown of sections built up out of hollow tile as is usually the custom in Dressler kilns. The end of each combustion cham' ber "E adjacent the entrance end of the kiln 1s connected to a junction box F ordinarily formed of cast iron. and provided with a -flange F at one sideprojecting into the end of the combustion chamber. To the opposite side of each junction box F are connected the ends ofa series of pipes G usually formed of iron. These pi es receive products of combustion from t e corresponding combustion chamber E throu l1 the hollow interior ofthe junction box i. At the entrance end of the kiln, the roup of pipes G are connected into a hoe er or expansion box H. Preferably each junction box F is cemented to the corresponding combustionchamber and like the latter rests on sand or the like interposed between it and the bench D so that it can move longitudinally of the kiln on the supporting bench D as the relative dimensions of the arts change with variations rn temperature.

referably also each header His anchored to the bench D on which it rests and stuff ing box connections which may be packed with asbestos packing are provided between the tubes G and the'headers H.

Each header H is formed with an aperture in its underside which registers with a vertical channel I formed in the corresponding bench D. Each channel I is connected at its lower end with a conduit or channel I leadin to a suitable device, such as the stack J, or creating the necessary draft to draw of! the roducts of combustion. Each junction box is also formed with an aper ture F in itsunderside which communicates with the u per end of a vertical passage K formed n the correspondinlg bench D. The apentures F and assages are so proportioned and arranged that ample communication will not be interfered with as the parts expand and contract. Longitudi nally disposed in each bench isa conduit dr channel which communicates at one end with the corresponding vertical channel K i and at itSOfIPOS ItB en'd'with the correspond ing vertica channel I. Each chaiinel L thusservs as a bypass about the tubes G throu h which products of combustion may pass roin the corresponding combustion chamber to the outlet conduit 1'. To re ulate the. relative amounts of products at combustion passing through each group of pipes G and through the corresp'ondin byass channehL, I em 10y dampers Nf and by which the vertical passages K ari d I respectively may be throttled more'or 'ess.

"which are the comespondin ha nel LA l? 6 As shown, the dnmper'M comprises a body of refractory material which is mounted to slide ina guideway D formed in the masonry work of the bench and extending into the latter from the adjacent outer wall of the' kiln. Each damper M is provided with an operating handle or extension 12: extending to the exterior of the kiln. To facilitate inspection, adjustment and repair, a tunnel -D is shown as formed beneath the guide wady D and is normally closed at its outer en .by a removable door D The dampers M may be constructed and arranged as are the dampers M and are each shown as pro vided with an operating handle 12:. Advantageously the channel L is formed of tubular tile section embedded in the concrete which forms the core or body portion of the benches D. Preferably these tile sections are slit longitudinally as indicated at L. These slits and the joints between the adjacent sections of the tile eliminate expam sion diiiiculties which would be experienced if such joints were not provided.

With the construction illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4 the thermal conditions in the heating up zone ofthe kiln depend upon the setting of the dampers M and M and the consequent portion of the products of combustion leaving each combustion chamber passed through the corresponding group of tubes G. located in the heating up zone of the kiln. lay charging the settingof the dampers and thcratio between the portion of the roducts of combustion passing through eac group of tubes G and the remainder of the products of combustion assing through the corres 0nding channel L may be varied an the thermal conditions in the heating up acne correspondin ly. varied to suit operating conditlons. it will be understood. of course,

that with the channels L embedded in inasonrv as shown, the thermal conditions in the eating up zone of the kiln are not directly aii'ected to any appreciable extent by the temperature or ua'ntity of ases passin throu h the insu ated channe s L.

Int 1e modl ed construction illustrated in Figs. 5 and ,6 the escape conduit I A lead ing directly to the stack, or other device for H beneaththe vertical channels' KA which communicate at their 1.31pm ends with the openings, in the undersi e of v I boxes F and commuiiicate latter fwith the. longitudinal I benches 1). Each channel which ma be formed likethe chan nelfs jhyd'scribe j; above, communicates at the megawatt the kiln through a vertical til 'with the interior of the located directly s igs. 5 and 6, communi cation etweenthe upper end of each verexpansi' xor h ader H. Withthe construc i' hown in l llO removing the products, of combustion, is

tical channel KA and corresponding junction box F is regulated by the damper M and communication between the lower end of the channel KA and the outlet conduit IA is regulated by an adjustable damper Communication between the expansion box or header H at the adjacent end of the corresponding channel LA is regulated by an adjustable damper M.

The arrangement shown in Figs. 5 and 6 differs from that shown in Figs. 1 to 4 in that the products of combustion which pass through each roup of tubes G also )asses through the c iannel LA in the bene beneath the tubes. but in this construction as in that first described a I'egulable portion only of the products of combustion passes through the tubes G in the heating up zone of the kiln, and the remainder of the products of combustion pass to the stack or other exhausting device Without influence on the temperature of the heating up zone of the kiln. In the construction shown in Figs. 5 and (3 the b v-pass by means of which a portion of the products of combustion are diverted away from the pipes G passing through the heating u i zone is formed by the vertical channels A.

lVit-h the construction shown in Figs. 5 and (3, the temperature normally prevailing in the channels LA will be less than that normally prevailing in the channels L of akiin chamber of similar capacity and use constructed in accordance with Figs. l to i. This lower ten'iperature of the masonry embedded conduits is of some advantage, though ordiuaril no diiliculty will arise on account of the temperature of the gases passing through the conduits L shown in Figs. 1 10 4.

While in accordance with the provisions of the statutes I have illustrated and describcd the best form of embodiment in my invention now known to me, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that hanges may he made in the form of apparatus disclosed without departing from the spirit of my invention-as set forth in the :sppcndcd claims and that in some cnscs certain features of my invention may be used to advantage without a correspondii'ig use of other features.

I lavinn now described my invention. what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letll'lS Patent. is: p I

l. A tunnci kiln with longitudinally extending masonry benches at the sides of a iatl'iway at the bottom of the kiln for goods carrying means and having mounted on each of said benches an elongated coinbuslion chamber, pipes connected to and forming an extension of said miobustion chant her, and a header to which the ends of the pipes rumor" iron i-ziild combustion chamber are connected. each bench being formed with a channel having uprising end portions which communicate one with the interior of said header and the other with the interior ot' the combustion chamber at the opposite ends of said pipes and with an outlet from said channel for products of combustion, and dampers regulating the relative amounts of products of combustion passing from the combustion chamber to said outlet through said pipes and a portion of said channel. and through the b v-pass about said pipes formed by the remaining portion oi said channel.

2. A tunnel kiln formed with louu'itudh nail extending inasoury benches :u the sides of a pathway at the bottom oi' the kiln for goods carrying means and having nionntcil on each of said benches a combustion chamber formed of refractory material, metallic pipes connected to and forming an extension of said combustion chamber. a. junction box connecting said pipes To said mmbustion chamber and a header to which the ends of the pipes remote from said coinbustion chamber are connected. said iuuction boxes and headers being formed each with an opening through its bottom wall. each bench being formed with a chanucl having uprising end portions communicating one with the opening in the bottom ol the corrcspomliug junction box and lln: other with the opening in the correspondlug header. and with an outlet for products of combustion comuuuiicaiin; with said channel. and dampers i'c; 'illaliii, lhc rcla' livc amounts of products of combustion, passiu g from each combustion chamber in the corrcspoiuliu; outlet through said pip s and one portion of said chauncl and through the by-pass about said pipes formed by the remaining portion of said channel.

3. Atunucl kiln with lougril udinally exlcndin, masonry benches at the sides of a pathway at the bottom oi the kiln for goods carrying; means and having mountcd on each of said bcuchcs an ilflilgjfilli'll combustion cluunber. pipes couuccicd lo and forming an extension of said combustion hamber. and ii header to which the cuds ol' the ipes remote from said combustion chamber are connected, cach bench being l'ormcd with a channel having uprising cud purl ions which communicate one with ihe inlci'ioi of said header and ilic other with lien iiililioi of the combustion chambri at lb og p d u ls o'l. said pipes and with an outlet from said channel for product of combu tion. and dampers regulating the relative amounts of products of combustion passin from the combustion chamber to said oullct (blowh said pipes and a portion i said channel and through llic bvpass about mu. pll i. formed by tho remaining p-wliw ol' s- "l P ll Hill

lilfi channel, the body portion of each of said channels being formed of tubular tile sections jointed together and embedded in con crete.

4. A tunnel kiln with longitudinally extending masonr benches at the sides of a pathway at he bottom of the kiln for goods carrying means and having mounted on each of said benches an elongated combustion chamber, ipes connected to and forming an extension of said combustion chamber, and a header to which the ends of the pipes. remote from said combustion chamber are connected. each bench being formed with a channel having uprising end portions which communiciite one with the interior of said header and the other with the interior of the combustion chamber at 111;; portion of said channel, t

the opposite ends of said pipes and with an outlet from said channel for products of combustion, and dampers regulating the relative amounts of products of combustion passing from the combustion chamber to said outlet through said pipes and a portion. of said channel and through the bypass about said pipes formed b{ the remaine body portion of each of said channels being formed of tubular tile sections jointed together and embedded in concrete, each tubular tile section being lon itudinally split at one side.

Signed at ittsburgh in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania this 23rd day of January D. 1920.

ARTHUR C. SHEPARD.

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