US1364036A - Composition road-surfacing and method of laying same - Google Patents

Description

J. E. CLARK.

COMPOSITION ROAD SURFACING AND METHOD OF LAYING SAME.-

' APPLICATION map OCT- 30. 1914.

l V/TNESSES l/VVEN TOR.

Jwp M UNITED STATES PATENT F E JOHN E. CLARK, or KANAWHA COUNTY, WEST VIRGINIA, AssI Non r0 rm: CLARK PAVING CORPORATION, OF NEW YORK,

N. Y., A oo'aroRA'rIoN or DELAWARE.

COMPOSITION RoAD-sURFAoING AND win-moi) or L YING SAME.

Application filed October 30, 1914. Serial 801 869,484.

or warm weather or climates and which is" not subject to cracking-incident to vibration due to heavy trafiic and whose edges, when.

disposed adjacent railroad tracks, are so formed as to obviate cracking and deterioration incident to vibration caused by the rolling stock.

Another object resides in the provision of a pavement whose wearlng surfaceis cushioned and whose cushioning means is supported upon a foundation layer above'the line of dampness with said supporting means for the cushioning means being constructed to provide for the circulation of air and for drainage. 7

Another object resides in the provision of a flexible, noiseless, sanitary, moisture- I proof, dustless, and non-slippery pavement or the like composed for the most part of waste products. V g Another object is to provide an inexpensive yieldable and durable pavement Whose wearing surface is yieldably supported or cushioned and whose cushioning or yieldable supporting means is composed of waste material, and which may be reinforced at points where subjected to unusual vibration as, for instance, railway rolling stock, so as to prevent undue deterioration of the wearing surface adjacent the railroad tracks' A still further object is to provide a pav ment embodying among other characteris' tics structural features which provide for drainage both from above and below thewearing surface so as to overcome dampness and thereby obviate one of the seriousdefects or causes which attack and impair the life of pavements.

A still further object is to provide a pavement or the like consisting of superimposed layers of fibrous material, one of which has a higher point of penetration than the other.

It is still further designed to provide.a pavement embodying layers composed of wastevegetable fibrous material with one layer composed, of longer fiber than the other and supported over means providing for the circulation of air and drainage be neath the layers, and with the layers forming substantially an umbrella over said sup-- portingmeans'to prevent seepage through thepavement.

With the above and other. objects and characteristics in view, the present inven- Specification of Letters Patent. Pateht ediDg'clQS, 192() I f tionconsists in the combination and arrangement of'materials :and elements hereinafter more fully described, illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and particularly pointed out in the appended claims, it be-; ing understood that changes maybe made" in the materials, proportions, size and minor details withoutdeparting from the'spir'it or sacrificing any of the advantages of the in vention,

In the drawings a F'gure 1 is a view of a pavement constructecl in "accordance with my invention,

tion.

accompanying drawings, the reference char- 'showingthe same partly in transverse sec N Fig. 2 is a transverse view of the curbacter l 'ind'ic'ates the road foundation formed I in any suitable "manner, at-the edgesof which may. be'disposed curbstones 5. Each curbstone'is composed of any suitable mate rial and preferably 'provided'with a 10n iv tudinal internal gutter 6 provided at its lower portion with a pluralityof openings 6 ,which lead inwardly of the respective curbstone adjacent the upper 1 surface of the:

foundation .1. Other openings 7 are formed in each curbstone 5 and extend from the reSPectiVGguttH 6 to and through theinner faceaof the 'curbs tone above the aforesaid openings for apurpose presently explained. I

Thecha'racters'a and 5 indicate railroad j rails which may bemounted upon the foun dation 1- in any suitable manner.) LayersQ' of broken stone may be laid upon the foundation 1 between the curbstones and the rails and between the rails. These layers '2 preferably consist of loose stoneswhose 1ntersticesor voids are preferably not filledso as'to permit the circulation of air and the drainageof any water. or moisture which may find its way into the layers of broken stone. Drainage is permitted from the layers of stones through the apertures 6' into the internal gutters 6 and, by virtue of air passing through the gutters 6, the moisture is readily evaporated and an efiicient and speedy drying out effected in the layer of stone if dampness occurs.

A layer 3 of fibrousmaterial is disposed on each layer of broken stone. This fibrous material may consist of straw, cotton stalk, sugar cane, or any other suitable fibrous material which is preferably shredded and long in length. Before laying this fibrous vegetable matter, it is preferably boiled or cooked for a suflicient length of time to render it soft and pulp-like and is then subjected to the action of hot asphalt or bitumen to insure a taorough impregnation of the fiber with the asphalt or bitumen and thereby provide for an effective binding and preservation of the fiber. The material being impregnated when coming into contact with the hot binder and preservative creates steam which arises from the surface and pores of the fiber and facilitates the thorough impregnation of the fiber with the binder or preservative.

The denatured material thus formed and composing the layers 3 is flexible and prefer ably laid on the foundation 1 while in a hot state and after being laid on the foundation and while hot, it is preferably rolled by a steam rolleror otherwise and thereby compactly compressed on the stone layers 2. Before the layers 3 are placed on the layers 2 the webs of the rails between the base flanges thereof and the underside of the tread surface and also the inner faces of the curb stonesmay be painted with bitumen r other adhesive material, with the result that, incident to the compression of the layers 3 on the layers 2 by the rolling action, the edges of the fibrous layers 3 are caused to adhere to the curbstones and'to' the rails. The layers 3 include substantially sixty-six and two- .thir'ds per cent. long coarse graded straw by weighttosubstantially thirty-three per cent. and one-third asphalt or other binding and preserving agent of preferably not less than fifty five penetration point.

Layers 4: of fibrous material are preferably laid on the layers 3. These fibrous layers 4: are preferably formed of the same material as the material of which the layers 3 are formed, but are preferably composed of short fiber, as distinguished from the longer fibers of the layers 3. This short fiber of which the layers 4 are formed is treated in the same manner as the fibers of which the layers 3 are composed.

While the material is in a state of porosity,

'a sufficient amountof asbestos is added to render said layers 4 fire proof. The layers a cent. of asphalt to sixty per cent. short graded fibers mixed with the fireproof material, the asphalt being preferably not more than forty-one point penetration. By virtue of the long fibrous material of the layers 3 come mushy and therefore d not lose their requisite cushioning effect for the upper layers 4'.

VJhile in a hot condition the surface layers l are laid on the layers 3 and rolled. fireproof material also assists to bind and fill the voids in the wearing surfaces 4 when the same is subjected t pressure incident to the rolling operation. The rolling pressure on the surface layers & causes the short fibers of the same to fill the voids in the layers 3 and thereby effect a firm and substantial looking or binding of the layers 3 and at together which prevents slipping of the surface layers 4 on their cushioning layers 3.

The wearing surface of the layers 4 is preferably disposed adjacent the line of the upper openings 7 in the curbstones so that drainage may be permitted from the sur- .face of the roadway through the apertures 7 into the internal gutters 6.

If desired, the upper surfaces of the rocks forming the base layers 2 may be painted with bitumen, cement or other suitable material so as to facilitate binding of the layers 3 thereto and, ifdesired, the upper surfaces f the layers 3 while hot maybe likewise painted so as .to facilitate binding of the surface layers 4 to the latter. In any event, the short fibers of the surface layers, and the painted solution, if used, fill the voids, if any, in the layers 3 when compressed or rolled.

By virtue of vibration incident to passage of rolling stock over railroad rails there is a tendency in concrete and other pavements to crack along the rails. I overcome this objection in pavements by rendering the in- The termediate or cushioning layers 3 relatively accomplished is to provide metallic elements.

8 f any suitable character which are prefer ably embedded in the fibrous layers 3 and which extend outwardly away from the rails slightlyv beyond the point of vibration onthe pavement. I

Of course, where the pavement is laid in roadways over which railroad rolling stock does not pass, the layers 3 and 4 may be formed in sheets entirely across the roadway from curb to curb and it will also be under-' stood that instead of laying a roadway in sheets, the same may be laid in block form and that the material of which the roadway is composed is equally applicable to the building or covering of walls of buildings.

It will be understood that, by virtue of the layers 2 being composed of loose stone or rocks that they do not close the o enings 6"leading to the gutters 6 in the our stones 5 and that if water, incident to frosts, rains, snows or the like should seep intolthe pavement adjacent the tracks, or curbstones,

such seepage and consequent moisture would or when moisture and water incident to frosts, rains, snows, etc., is permitted to remain in the under-surface of a pavement and therein mold, there is a consequent untimely and undue deterioration of the pavement.

Under certain conditions pavements may be built without the layer base 2 of stone. In some localities it is impossible to get gravel, stones or the like except at great expense because of distance the same. must be transported. There are times when the traffic is 1i ht and the base layer of stone is not nee ed, and furthermore, the curbstones may be eliminated. To this end the layer of long fibrous material may be placed upon the foundation 1 and the surface layer disposed on the layer of long fibrous material. Especially where railroad tracks are c not disposed in the roadway or street, and when the layers are built in continuous sheet form, the very nature of the layers incident to the aforesaid treatment and method of laying one layer on the other results in the layers servin practically as an umbrella over the foun ation of the roadway, thereby excluding water incident to frosts, rains, snows or. the like from the foundation and thus insuring dryness beneath the pavement.

What is claimed is:

1. In a roadway, curbstones disposed along opposite sides of the roadway, each curbstone having an. internal gutter provided with a plurality of openings which open inwardly of the respective curbston'e' uppermost openings -way.

and above the foundation of the roadway and each of which gutters also has a plurality of openings above the aforesaid openings and which lead through the inner side of the respective curbstone, layer of broken stone disposed on the foundation of the roadway, and a layer of fibrous material disposedon the layer of broken stone with the upper surface thereof'below theHppermost openings of the curbstones whereby drainage isperm'itted from above and be low the wearing surface of. the roadway.

2. A pavement consisting of a'base layer composed of loose'rock, a cushioning layer composed of long fibrous material impreg nated with a binding and preservative agent and a surface layer including short fibrous material impregnated with I a binding and preservative agent, the whole being compacted together "under suitable pressure'so that the short fibers of the surface layerfill the voids of the cushioning layer and lock the impregnated, fibrous surface layer and the impregnated cushioning layerstogether,

the base layer of rock affording drainage, to-, ward both sides of the pavement from below the surface layer. v a l 3 .'In ,a roadway, curbstones disposed along opposite sides of the roadway, each ourbstone having an internal gutter provided with a plurality of openings which vopen inwardly of the respective curbstone and abovetheffoundation of the roadway and each of which gutters also has a plu- I I rality of openings above the aforesaid open-f,

ings and which lead throughthe inner side of the, respective curbstone, a' layer of broken stone disposed on the foundation of the roadway, alayer of fibrous material dis' posed on the layer of broken stone, anda' surface layer of fibrous material disposed on the aforesaid layer of fibrous material with the wearing surface thereof below the k of the curbstones whereby drainage is permitted from above and below the wearing surface ofthe road-v v 4. A pavement comprising alayer composed solely of long fibrous material im- 5. A pavement consisting of a foundation,

railroad tracks on the foundation, layers of rock between the tracks and between the tracks and the side edges ofthe pavement, and layers of fibrous material compressed on the layers of rockmateriaLLthe layers of fibrous material adjacent the tracks being thickened. I

6. A pavement consisting of a foundation, railroad tracks on the foundation, layers of rock between the tracks and between the tracks and the side edges of the pavement, layers of fibrous materialcompressed on the layers of rock material, the layers of fibrous material adjacent the tracks being thickened, and surface layers of fibrous material disposed on the aforesaid layers of fibrous material.

7. A pavement consisting of a foundation,

railroad tracks on the foundation, layers of rock between the tracks and between the tracks and the side edges of the pavement, layers of fibrous material on the layers of rock material, the l yer of fibrous material adj acent the tracks being thickened, surface layers of fibrous material disposed on the aforesaid, layers of fibrous materiahend means for reinforcing the first named fibrous I layers of material at their thickeii'ed por-v tions.

8. A pavement consisting of a base material, railroad tracks having adhesive material on the sides of the tracks, layers of fibrous material between the tracks and on opposite sides thereof and connected to the tracks by said adhesive material, the layers of fibrous material adjacent the tracks being thickened, and surface layers disposed on the layers of fibrous material.

9. A pavement consisting of a base material, railroad tracks having adhesive ma terial on the sides of the tracks, layers of fibrous material between the tracks and on opposite sides thereof connected to the tracks by said adhesive .material, the fibrous material adjacent the tracks being thickened, surface layers disposed on the layers of fibrous material, and means for reinforcing the fibrous layers at their thickened portions. 7

10. A pavement comprising a layer composed of relatively long graded fibrous material impregnated: with a binding and preservative agent, and a layer of relatively short graded fibrous material impregnated with a binding and preservative agent, said layers being compacted together under suit- 12. A pavement consisting of a base layer of loose rock, a cushioning layer composed of relatively long fibrous material impregnated with a binding agent and superim posed on the layer of loose rockin combination with a layer of relatively short fibrous material impregnated with a binding agent and fireproof material and superimposed on the cushioning layer, said layers being compacted together under pressure so that th'eshort fibers of the surface layer will fill the voids between the long fibers of the cushioning layer and lock the whole pavement together. 7

In testimony whereof I aflix my signatur in the presence of two witnesses.

JOHN E. CLARK.

\Vitnesses E. N. CRAIG, V I LAURA LEE LINDSEY.

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