US1354327A - Carbureter - Google Patents

Description

M. MORDEN AND w. 0. HESS.

CARBUHETER.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 6. 1917.

1 54,327, Patented Sept. 28, 1920.

nmrso STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MILLIOENT MORDEN, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, AND -WILLIS G. HESS, OF TOLEDO,

' OHIO.

GARBURETER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 28, 1920.

Application fi1ed October 6, 1917.} Serial No. 195,107.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that we, MILLICENT MonDEN and WILLIS C. Hnss, both citizens of the United States, and residents of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, and of Toledo, in the county of Lucas and State of Ohio, respectively, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Carbureters; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

Our invention refers to new and useful improvements in gaseous fuel mixing devices, particularly to carburetors for use in connection with the ordinary types of internal combustion engines.

The invention has for its principal ob ject the perfection of means formore accurately controlling the supply of air to the mixing chamber under all operating conditions, such means being entirely automatic so that a greater supply of air is provided after the engine has started than at the commencement of operation. In connection with this controlling'means it is alsov an object to provide an arrangement for directing the air with considerable velocity to the point where it is to be mixed with the'fuel to form a combustible mixture.

It is iurther an object of this invention operation of the engine increases until the device commences to become heatedto considerable extent by the heat generated in the engine cylinders, and transmitted thereto by preheating the air supply in any preferably conventional Inanner and then gradually reducing the supply of fuel to the mixing chamber due to the action of a thermostatic valve.

Another important object of the invention is to produce a simply constructed carburetor formed of few number of parts and having its main portions held together by a minimum number of fastening elements to thereby reduce both the cost of manufacture and of assembly.

.Vith these foregoing objects and advantages in view, the invention consists. in certain novel features of construction, combination and arrangement of parts, which will be hereinafter more particularly described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawing is illustrated a central, vertical, sectional view of a carbureter constructed in accordance with our invention.

The mixing device of the present case is designed for attachment to the intake manifold of any ordinary type of internal combustion engine and obviously may be modified to permit its being used on engines of various makes and those used for different classes of work.

Specifically the device consists of a reservoir or float chamber 1 into which liquid fuel, such as gasolene, is held before being fed to the mixing chamber 2 where it is combined with a charge of air sucked into the same through an enlarged intake mouth 3. The float chamber 1, or the integral parts thereof, is cast with the mixing chamher 2, it being connected thereto by a web 4:. The mixing chamber is provided with the usuallateral flange 5 for attachment with the corresponding flange of an intake manifold. The intakemouth 3 is so constructed that it also forms a closure 3 for the end of the substantially cylindrically tapered mixing chamber, it being attached to the end thereof remote from the outlet end adjacent the flange 5.

In the float chamber'l is disposed the usual float 6, the action of which controls the opening and closing of a valve 7 formed on the end of a stem 8, said stem being vertically movable in aportion of said chamber. The removable top 9 of the chamber 1 carries the guide pin 10 on which the float 6 slides, and also an ear to which is pivotally mounted a lever 11 which forms the connecting element betweensaid float and the stem 8. The top 9 is held in position by a spring clip 12, one end of which is fixed to the web a, as shown.

The fuel inlet to the float chamber is provided through a fuel supply pipe 13, which is attached to the bottom thereof by a hollow bolt 14, the end of said pipe being in the form of a hollow head 15 through which said bolt extends. The liquid fuel after entering the hollow head flows into the tubular shankof the bolt through orifices 16 and-fromthere into the float chamber past the valve 7 The bottom end closure 3 and'the air intake 3 are secured to the mixing chamber and to the float chamber by a screw 17 and a hollow bolt 18, said screw extending tendsthrough a cylindrical head 19 formed on a hollow boss 20, which projects from the closure 3 opposite the point of connection of theair intake therewith. The opposite ends of the head 19. are provided with beveled seats for cooperative engagement with similar seats formed respectively on the head of the bolt 18 and on a nipple 21 formed on the bottom of the float chamber, the borevof said'nipple being threaded to receive the threads of the shank of said bolt. This form of connection forms a fluid tight-joint'betwcen the float chamber and aid head 19, and the joint between the mixing chamber and the closure 3 is similar to prevent leakage.

The innerend of the shaft of the bolt 18 terminates in a stand pipe 22 whereby liquid 1 fuel from the float chamber may flow therefrom and into the hollow head 19 through orifices 23. The bore of the boss 20 communicates with the head 19 and also with the cavity 2% of a nipple, which extends ini wardly from the center of the closure 3.

After reaching this point the liquid fuel goes upwardly into the mixing chamber through an inner tube 25, the inner end of which terminates in a restricted mouth 26. The portion of said tube adjacent the cav- 'ity' 24 is apertured to receive fuel liquid therefrom and the outer end thereof is screw threaded for engagement with threads of a stuffing box 27. This end of the inner tube is extended outwardly past a packing gland 28 and provided with a handle 29 for manual manipulation thereof. As above mentioned, the inner tube is disposed centrally of the mixing chamber, it being extended from the central nipple formed on the cloure' 3", and is also slidably mounted in an outer tube 30, the lower end of which is immovably held in said nipple. The upper end of the outer tube 30 extends beyond the end of the inner tube '25 and is open tore- 'ceive the cylindrically enlargedportion 31 of a tapered pin 32, said pin being extended through the restricted mouth 26 of the in ner tube whereby to form a valve. The outlet from the outer tube is provided through apertures 33 formed in the wall thereof at points adjacent the endof'the inner tube. It will be noted'that as the pin moves with respect to the inner tube "25, or vice versa, the opening from said inner tube through the restricted mouth 26 will beinoreased or diminished in size depending uponthedirection of movement of the parts.

The'movement of the pin 32 is automatically controlled by the passage of air into the mixing chamber. The force of this in:

coming air is utilized by causing'it to pass through a tapered or conical sleeve 34.-

. reaching a. point ous member. The reduced end of the coil is attached to a short sleeve 35 which is annularly contracted intermedlate its ends and liasthe cylindrical portion 31 of the pin 32 attached thereto by the arms 36. The contractcd portion. of the sleeve 35 is normally disposed adjacent the apertures 33 in the outertube 3O which'is disposed centrally therethrough and through the coil 34:, said intermediately contracted sleeve forming a Venturi tube. V I V f The other end of the coil is fixed by soldering or otherwise.attaching it to a flanged ring-.37, the flange of which extends outwardly and is attached to the wall of the mixing chamber adjacent its bottom, as shown and forms a closure between the base of the coil and the wall of the chamber. Said ring carries a plurality ofinwardly converging fingers 38 against which the convolutions of the coil 3 lie. Because of the position of the coil and the ring 37 with respect to the mixing chamber and the intake mouth 3, it is necessary for all of the air to pass through said ring and into the coil before entering the mixing chamber or v where it can mix with the gaseous fuel. 1 The outlet of the mixing chamber is controlled by a throttle valve 39 and the, intake mouth 3 is provided with a control valve 40,

.both of these valves being oftlie ordinary butterfly type.

The operation of the essentialzfeatures of our invention is substantially as follows Aitter the gasolene or other liquid fuel'is passed into the float chambernit will naturally enter'the passage ways leading to the inner tube 25, in which it will rise to a level the same as the height of the liquid in said float chamber; this'level will be somewhat below the restricted mouth 26 of the inner tube or at a pointadjacent thereto. The movement of the pistons in the cylinders of the engine to which a carburetor is attached having caused apartial-vacuum in the mixing chamber, air will be drawn into the intake mouth 3 and from there it will pass into the tapered sleeve formed of the coil 34-. As the air is drawn farther into the coil, it is reduced 'involume because of the conical nature of said coil, thisreducticn besary, and because of the increased suction in the mixing chamber, air will be drawn from the intake mouth 3 with greater force, and as this air strikes-the contracted portion of the sleeve 35 it will tend to force the same in the direction of its movement, and thereby cause the coil 34. to increase in length and to separate the convolutions thereof, which are normally in engagement. The convolutions at the outer end of the coil will first separate and the air will pass through the interstices thus formed and travel on through the mixing chamber. As the suction increases the convolutions will successively separate from the larger toward the smaller end of the coil until they are all moved out of engagement with each other, the air being thereby allowed to pass into the mixing chamber with very little restriction. The mixing of the air and the gaseous fuel is not, however, interfered with by the admission of the air between the convolutions of the coil because a certain amount of air still passes through the sleeve 35 where it is initially mixed with the fuel, this highly charged mixture being more or less diluted after passing out of the sleeve 35 by the air which flows through the interstices of the coil. Eflicient mixture will necessarily take place under any of the conditions mentioned.

When first starting the operation of the engine, it is necessary to use aricher mixture than when the cylinders become heated, therefore the supply of fuel is increased in proportion to the amount of air sucked into the mixing chamber. This increased supply of fuel is procured by the movement of the tapered pin 32 in the restricted end of the inner tube 25, it being obvious that the movement of the pin away from the end of said tube allows more vapor to be sucked through said mouth 26. Inasmuch as the pin is connected with the sleeve 35, the movement of the latter causes the automatic operation of the former. Manual adjustment of the end of the inner tube with respect to the pin is accomplished by rotation of the inner tube in the proper direction by the handle 29.

In addition to the other important features which have been referred to, an arrangement is also provided for gradually reducing the supply of gaseous fuel from the inner tube, as the engine becomes heated. In other words, the inner tube 25, or the free end portion thereof, is constructed of metal which is highly responsive by expansion to heat influence and which is heated by preheating the air supplied to the carbureter whereby as the engine warms up, said air reaches comparatively a high degree of temperature, and the mouth 26 of the tube 25 will move toward the outer end of the pin 32 and thus decrease the passage way from the interior of the inner tube to the outer tube.

From the foregoing description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, it will be noted that an extremely simply constructed automatically controlled carbureter has been produced. Various minor changes may be'made in the various parts of the same without departing from or sacrificing any of the principles of the invention as defined by the claims.

We claim 2- 1. In a mixing device of the class described including a mixing chamber having an air intake, a fuel supply tube extending into said mixing chamber, a flanged ring disposed in said mixing .chamber between the intake and outlet therefrom, the flange on said ring being secured to the wall of the chamber, inwardly extending converging fingers formed on the ring, a tapered sleeve formed of a coiled wire disposed around said fingers and having its large end secured to the ring, a second sleeve secured to the restricted end of the tapered sleeve, the end of the second sleeve being adjacent the outlet opening of said fuel supply tube, whereby the air from the intake will be reduced in volume adjacent said outlet opening.

2. In a mixing device of the class described including a mixing chamber having an air intake, a fuel supply tube extending into said mixing chamber, a flanged ring disposed in said mixing chamber between the intake and outlet therefrom, the flange on said ring being secured to the wall of the chamber, inwardly extending converging fingers formed on the ring, and a tapered sleeve formed of a coiled wire disposed around said fingers and having its large end seated on the ring.

Iii-testimony that we claim the foregoing we have hereunto set our hands at Kokomo, in the county of Howard and State of .Tndiana.

MILLICENT MGRDEN. TVILLIS C. HESS.

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