US1353855A - Steam-condenser apparatus - Google Patents

Description

A. E. L. SCANES.

STEAM CONDENSER APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED NOV. I. 1915.

1,353,855. PatentedSept. 28,1920.

INVENTOR.

' HIS ATTORNEY IN FACT,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ARTHUR EDWIN LEIGH SCANES, OF ASHTON-ON-MERSEY, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO THE BRITISH WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC & MANUFACTURING COMPANY, LIMITED,

01? LONDON, ENGLAND.

STEAM-CONDENSER APPARATUS.

Application filed November 1, 1915.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I ARTHUR EDWIN LEIGH ScANEs, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at Ashton-on-Mersey, England, have made a new and useful Invention in bteam-Cqndenser Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to steam condensers of either the surface or jet type.

To operate a steam condenser at a high vacuum it is necessary to employ some form of air extractor which may be either of the reciprocating or rotary type or be a steam or water ejector, or any combination of these.

For certain types of air extracting apparatus (such for example as those utilizing a Water jet on which the vapor condenses and is lost, or those using steam jets or piston pumps in which case vapor lowers their capacity), it is advantageous to reduce to a minimum the amount of vapor contained in the air leaving the condenser. Various means have been suggested for accomplishing this such as a series of bafiie plates in the steam space of the condenser, the object being to cause the air and incondensab e gases and vapor to pass over a cooling surface of the lowest possible temperature. VVeirs have also been placed in the bottom of surface condensers with the object of cooling the condensate which is afterward used in the air extractor, thus reducing the vapor tension and steam content of the mixture to be removed. In all these arrangements ample passages have been left to avoid impeding the flow of the gases and consequent loss 0 vacuum between the condenser steam inlet and the air outlet. lVith all these arrangements, however, it is always possible to entrain a large amount of uncondensed steam with. the air removed, and also if the vacuum in the air pump is a high one, there is a risk of revaporation of the condensate in the condenser. Moreover, the majority of these arrangements have the disadvantage of cooling the condensate unduly with consequent loss of thermal elliciency in the feed water to the boilers.

The object of the present invention is to overcome these disadvantages and to increase the weight of air removed by the air extracting apparatus while maintaining a high hotwell temperature without reevaporation.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 28, 1920.

Serial No. 59,015.

According to this invention a cooling chamber is provided located either within or external to the main steam condensing space of the condenser through which chamber in the case of a surface condenser a portion of the cooling tubes, or in the case of a. jet condenser a portion of the injection water passes. The said chamber communi cates through a restricted opening with the steam space of the condenser at the point at which it is required to remove the air and incondensable gases. This restricted opening is conveniently formed as a con verging nozzle and its object is to produce a pressure drop of an approximately con stant amount between the steam space of the condenser and the interior of the cooling chamber. At another suitable place in the cooling chamber a connection of ample proportions is made to a suitable air extracting device. As it will be known in any given case what amount of air may be normallv expected in the condenser, and as it will be also known approximately what the vacuum will be in the condenser it will be possible to calculate approximately the area of the restricted opening which will pass the volume of saturated air thus arrived at with a predetermined drop of pressure. Should now the vacuum in the air extractor be higher than the theoretical vacuum corresponding to the condensate in the condenser. any tendency t0 reevaporation of the latter will be very largely prevented owing to the limitation of the quantity of mixture which can pass through the restricted opening within the limits of pressure difference allowed under working conditions, and further, any vapor which does pass this opening will be re-condensed inside the cooling chamber be fore it can pass to the air extractor, and will be returned from the said chamber to the condenser through a suitable water sealed pipe or passage.

Various ways in which the invention may be carrried into effect are shown diagrammatically in the several figures of the accompanying drawing in which like reference letters indicate similar parts.

Figure 1 shows one form of the invention used in connection with a surface condenser of a well known type, the steam inlet of which is shown at G, the nest of tubes at H, and the condensate discharge at J A in Fig. 1 shows a common type of the 1min condensate diarlmrge (l of the rondeneer. illhe. non-coiuleneuble gases are ;l n J withdrmrn b the unremricted puwuge by any suitable form of uiz' pump or :nr e21 tractor.

Fig. 2 whom strurlu ul unidilmutiou of V in which the ydruuized eteel plutc "A dune-l y n. d nerd pipe it. the other details dominion the mine. 'i" is construetion he ceituiu ndvuntiu e.- over the consii uction shown in i igg. i, us n the iutler it in obviounly it lo inuhe a good joint both with the :hell o1" die eondeneer at two pieces and with the tube plate, whereas in the construction shown in Fig. :5 although it is still necessary to nuke good joints, these joint can be more easily nuuhined and titted, it is Preferable that the cool chamber should run the full length of the condenser, but this is not ncceseury.

In Fig. 2 the cooling ehumbw is ehowu external to the condenser.

Fig. l shows a cooling chaunbm; junction with it jet rondeim'jr d1. being substantially the s: vioue figures. with the cooling chamber it, kxii-led by in it similar manner us the o From the foregoing it will he reudil understood that this invention consists in the prm sion of it cooling clnnnber either internal or external tothe condenser comn' unieating with the steam space o'i'the condenser through it restricted opening of e predetermined urea, so as to cuuse an appreciable difference between the pressure in the condenser and that in the cooling clnunher and having an air outlet of ample proportions wherein llac x'rpor conteutol the goers October, A 1)., 1915.

between the cooling chamber and the air extracting device. V

r evcrnl arrangements, such for instance us them hereinbefore mentioned, have been no Joscd for coolin the :dr end water in u i h minimising a ipzuutus, bul in all of these the object has been to cool the coinlensute and to avoid as for poseible it drop in pressure, whereas, the object of this invention is to niuintuin the condensate us hot as possible and =0 create it drop in pressure by means of a restricted opening hereinabove de scribed.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature o l' my said invention und inwhat manner the same is to be performed, 1 (li'tililiu that what I clann is:

l. in continuation with the main cooling rlmmber of u condenser having it stezuu inlet and coudeuoate outlet, m1 :L'llllbitlilitl. cooling chamber in restricted connnuoicetiou with the iuiin clruniier and buying it relatively uurettricted outlet lor coonvction with an zli extructin device whereby during; the operulimx o' :iir extracting) devise :1, less nessu'iwill be maintained in the additionul than in the Jil'rllll chamber cooling; means in said additional chamber and sealed ineuns For delivering condensate from the additional chamber to the condensate outlet oi the main chamber.

2. in combination with the main cooling chamber of a surface condenner h-(Lv' in a sit-uni inlet and 2t condonmteoutlet, u relatively sinuill tooling chit; her of the surface t 11c; additional to the main clnnnber, in rei 'cted eon'tniunication therewith and havinpj iutively unrestricted outlet for conneetiou with on air extracting device Whereby n has; pressure may be Inuintuined in the mlditioziel than in the 13min chamber and sealed means for delivering condensate from the mlditionul ell-umberto the condensute outlet of the main chamber.

In testimony whereof I hrive hereunto subscribed my name this eighteenth day of ARTHUR EDWIN LEIGH SCANES. Witnesses: 5 l

IIonzsnm H. SHEARD,

J 45. STEWART BROADFOOT.

Images