US1345641A

US1345641A - Marine turbine

Info

Publication number: US1345641A
Application number: US122506A
Authority: US
Inventors: Henry F Schmidt
Original assignee: Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co
Current assignee: CBS Corp
Priority date: 1916-09-27
Filing date: 1916-09-27
Publication date: 1920-07-06
Anticipated expiration: 1937-07-06

Description

H. F. SCHMIDT MARINE TURBINE APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 27, 1916.

HIS ATTORN EYSiN FACT,

a citizen of UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY F. SCHMIDT, 01? PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR T0 WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC 8t MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

' Patented July 6, 192@.

Lpplieationmed September. 27, 1916. Serial No. 122,506.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY F; SoHMm'r,

the United States, and a resident of Pittsburgh, in the'county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvanla, have made a new and useful invent on n Marine Turbines, of which the .following is a speciiication.

This invention relates to turbines and particularly to turbine installations adapted for use in marine propulsion The object of thisinyention is to produce an organized turbine unlt, n wh ch means are employed for obtaining high economy throughout a wide range of loads andspeed's.

A further object is to produce a marine turbine unit so subdivided 'thatthe unit is capable of developing substantially full speed under emergency conditlons or when one or another of the sections are rendered inoperative. I

A further object 1s to produce a marine turbine unit in which meansare employed for reversing the vessel dlflerent speeds and at the same time maintaining a hlgh economy in the operation of the turbine. A

further object is to-produce a turbine unit which is lighter than; other units now inj use and known to me hav ng the same capacity. and one in which the friction losses are reduced under light loadand low speed conditions.

These and other objects which will be made apparent throughout the further de scription of my invention are attained by means of apparatus embodymg the features herein described and illustrated.

In the drawing accompanying and forming a part hereof, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic plan view of a turbine installation e'mbodyingmy invention. Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic sectional view of a low pressure section, which may be substituted for one oi the, low pressure sections of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1. 0

The apparatus illustrated, includes a high pressure turbine section 3 and two low pressure sections 4 and 5. The separate sections are shown geared to a singlie driven agent, as for example the propel er shaft 6. by means of a reduction gearing 7.

The high pressure section illustrated, includes an ahead element and an astern element, both of which are located within the same casing and are provided witha common rotor, which is illustrated as opera-- tivel coupled or connected to a pinion 8, whic 1 forms an element of a reduction gearmg 7., and meshes with the large or main gear 9. The ahead element of the high pressure section includes two stages 10 and 11 Both stages are shown as of the impulse type and as comprising one or more expansion nozzles and two rows of impulse bladeswhich are mounted upon the same blade carrying wheel. It will be understood that an intermediate row of stationary directing vanes is employed between each row of movingblades of each stage. The stage 10 is essentially a high pressure stage and includes exiiansion nozzles 12 which receive high pressure fluid and deliver it to the first row of moving blades forming a part of the stage. Means may be employed for shutting oil one or more ofthe nozzles so that the amount of fluid delivered to the unit may be proportioned, to the load, without throttling the fluid. The stage 11 may 'be termed an intermediate pressure stage, and communicates with the stage 10 by Under full load. condltions, or \vh'ilethe marine turbine is driving the vessel ahead and at maximum speed, a portion of the steam issuing from the last row of blades of the ahead stage 10 is delivered to the low pressure section 4:, whereas the remainder of the steam 1s delivered to the intermediate stage 11. The steam issuing from the last row of blades of the intermediate stage 11 till lib

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element of the is delivered to the ahead element of the low pressure section' 5, from which it is discharged into the exhaust.

As illustrated the aheadeloment 'of'the low pressure section 4 is of tin full peripheral admission type, that is st am is simultaneously delivered to all of the blades of a single row, whereas the separate ahead stages of the high pressure section are what may be termed partially or variable admission types of turbine elements, since the steam maybe delivered to a ortion only of the blades ofa single row. ment of the section 4 is also shown as of the type in which a single row of moving blades is included in each stage. In this connection attention may be called to the fact that the word'stage is employed herein to designate cooperating turbine elements which expand the steam and'abstract all of the kinetic or velocity able by the expansio fter the steam has traversed the working passages of the ahead section 4, it is discharged through an exhaust port 16 which may communicate with a condenser, not'shown.

The low pressure section 5 is illustrated as including two low pressure ahead stages 17, through which the steam flows in opposite axial directions. These sta es operate in parallel on steam discharged from the intermediate stage 11 and are both of the full peripheral admission type with one or more moving rows of blades per stage. As shown, each. stage includes a series of expanding nozzles 18 and two rows of moving blades which are mounted on a blade carrying wheel, and are arranged to abstract all of the velocity energy occasioned by expanding the steam as it traverses the expanding nozzles of the stage. Each stage 17 communicates with a separate exhaust port 19, which may in turn communicate with a condenser.

hen the turbine is propelling the vessel ahead, and at maximum speed, steam is delivered to the hi h pressure stage 10 through all of its nozzfias- 12. The steam issuing from the last row of blades of this stage is divided into two streams one of which is delivered through piping 20 to the inlet port 21 of the ahead element of the low pressure section 4, whereas the othertstream is delivered through the stage nozzles 14 to the intermediate stage 11. The steam issuing from the last row of blades of this stage is delivered through piping 22 to the inlet port 23 of the ahead stages of the low pressure section 5. It will be noted that the ahead element of the section 4 is provided with two inlet ports 21 and 21. The port 21 is so located that fluid delivered through it bypasses the first stages of the element, whereas the port 21 is-so located that the fluid delivered through it passes in series throu h all of the ahead stages of the section 4. T e

he ahead eleenergy rendered. availn.

I from the reversing piping 20 is provided with a valve 21", which may be employed to cut off the delivery of fluid through the port 21 when the section 4 is receiving steam through the port 21 and a valve 21 is providedto cut off the delivery of fluid through the port 21'.

When the turbine is operating at reduced speed or is driving the vessel ahead and at a speed which, in naval parlance may be termed cruising speed, a valve 24, located in the piping 20 is closed, and consequently all )f the steam issuing from the .last row of blades of the high pressure stage 10 is delivered to the intermediate stage 11. All the fluid issuing from the last row of blades of this stage is delivered through piping 25 and the piping 20 to the inlet port 21' of the low pressure section 4. The piping 25 is provided with a valve 26 which is closed under full power conditions or when the valve 24 is open. The valve 21" is open and the valve 21 is closed under full power conditions, whereas the valve 21 is open and valve 21 closed under reduced power conditions. The piping 22 is also provided with a valve 27 which is closed while the turbine unit is developing reduced speed.

It will be apparant that the arrangement of turbine sections illustrated lends itself to various combinations which may be employed for developing power at diflerent speeds, for example; the valve 27 may be open when both the valves 24 and 26 are closed, or the valve 27 may be open when the valve 24 is closed and the valve 26 is open. With this arran ement of valves the fluid issuing from the fist row of blades of the intermediate section will be divided into two streams, one of which is delivered to section 4, and the other to the section 5.

The reversing element of the low pressure section 4 is illustrated as a single stage of the two velocity drop impulse type and its delivery nozzles 28, receive steam discharged element of the hi h pressure section 3 through piping 29. The section 5, as shown is provided with two reversing elements 30 which are located on opposite sides of the ahead elements 17 and through which steam flows in opposite axial directions. Each of these reversing elements is illustrated as a single impulse stage and is similar to the stage which forms the reversing element of the section 4. Both the reversing stages of the section 5 receive steam discharged from the reversing stage of the'high pressure section 3.

lVhen the turbine is reversin at full s eed, steam is delivered to all 0 the nozzes 15 of the reversing stage formin a part of the high pressure section 3. he steam issuing from the last row of blades of this stage is divided into three streams, one of which is delivered through the piping 29, piping 31, and 'a branch piping 32 to one Iii reversing stage of the element section 5; one stream is delivered through the branch pipe 33 to the other reversing stage 30 of the section 5, and the third stream is delivered to the reversing element of'the section 4 through the piping 29. The reversing stage of the low pressure section 4.6.18-

charges through the exhaust port 16 of that section and each reversing stage of the low pressure section 5 discharges throughone of the exhaust ports 19 of that section. When 1 which may be closed to shut off communica-' tion between the reversing'stage of the high pressure section3 and reversing stage section 4. When this valve is closed the valve f 34 must be opened and all of the steam discharged from the reversing stage of the high pressure section will then be divided in two streams and delivered to the reversing stages of the low pressure section 5. With this arrangement the turbine may be reversed at full speed, with all of the reversing stages receivingsteam; it maybe reversed at intermediate speed with the reversing stages of

sections

3 and 5 receiving steam or it may be reversed at low speed with thereversing stages of the sections 3 and 4; receiving steam.

As illustrated the section 4 is operatively connected to pinion 36, which is similar to the pinion 8, and, meshing with the large gear 9, forms a part of the reduction gearing 7. This pinion may, and preferably will be of larger diameter than the pinion 8. The low pressure section 5 is shown operatively connected to the pinion 37, which meshes with the gear 9 and forms a part of the reduction gearing 7 and which may be of different diameter from either

gears

8 or 36. It will be apparent that adisconnectible clutch or coupling 39 may be located be tween each pinion and theturbine section driving it.

In the drawings I have shown a valve 40 locatedin the pipe 20 so arranged that it is capable of cutting off communication be tween "the high pressure section 3 and the low pressure section a. I have also shown the pipe 20 provided with a high pressure steam connectional which is so located, with relation to the valve 40, that it is ca able of delivering high pressure steam to t e inlet port 21 of the section a when the valve 410 is closed. I have also shown a' high pressure steam supply 42 communicating with the pipe 22 and so located that it is'capable of delivering high pressure steam to the port 23 of the section 5, when the valve 27 is closed. With this arrangement high pressure steam maybe delivered to either or both of the low pressure sections under emergency conditions.

, I have also shown a high pressure steam connection 43 on the piping 29 so arranged that high pressure steam may be delivered to thereversing stage of the section a when the valve 35 is closed. A high pressure steam connection l i, communicates with the branch piping 33 so that high pressure steam may be delivered to both the reversing stages 30 of the low pressure section 5 when the valve 34% is closed.

- While I have illustrated what I now consider to be the preferred embodiment of my invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, additions and omissions may be made in the apparatus illustrated without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

What I claim is: p 1., A turbine unit comprising a high pressure section adapted to pass all fluid re-- quired under full power conditions and two low pressure sections, a separate shaft driven by each section, and means for delivering motive fluid from one stage of the high pressure section to one low-pressure section, and

from another stage of the high pressure sec tion to the other low pressure section under full power conditions. i

2. A turbine unit comprising a multi-stage high pressure section adapted to pass all fluidrequired under full power conditions and two low pressure sections, means for delivering motive fluid from one stage of the high pressure section to one low pressure section and from a stage of lower pressure of the high pressure section to the other low pressure section under full power conditions, and means fordelivering fluid to both low pressure sections from the stage of lower pressure of the high pressure section under reduced power conditions.

- 3. A turbine unit comprising a high pressure section adapted to pass all fluid required under full power conditions and at least one low pressure section, means for delivering motive fluid from one-stage of the high pressure section to the low pressure section under full power conditions and for delivering motive fluid from a stage of lower pressure of the high pressure section to the low pressure sections under reduced power conditions.

4. A turbine unit comprising a high pres sure section adapted to pass all fluid required under full power conditions, and at least two low pressure sections, means for deliveringmotive fluid from different stages of the high pressure section to the low preshad .sure sections during full power conditions and means for delivering motive fluid from 'a' stage of the high pressure section to one low pressure section only during reduced power conditions.

5. Aturbine unit comprising a hi h presduring full power conditions, and-means for cutting off the supply of fluid to one low pressure section under reduced power con- 'ditions.

.6. A turbine unit comprising a hi h pressure section adapted to pass all uid required under 1111 power conditions, atleast two low pressure sections, means ,for delivering motive fluid from one stage of the I high pressure section to one low pressure section, means for delivering motive fluid "from another stage of the high pressure secthereto from a stageof lower pressure when U the unit is developing reduced power.

has

tion to another of the low pressure sections during full power conditions, and means forcutting off the normal supply of fluid to one low'pressure section and for delivering fluid 1 7 A turbine unit'comprising a hi h pressure section adapted to pass all pressure section, means for delivering fluid from one stage of the high pressure section A to the lowpressure section under full power j 'conditions, means for, delivering motive .40" high pressure section to the low fluidfrom a stage of lower pressure of the section during reduced power conditions, a

second low pressure section, and means for deliv'eringmotive fluid from one of the stages of the high pressure section to said second' low pressure section.

i 8. A turbine un1t comprislng a hl h pressure section adapted to pass all uid required under full power conditions and twov low pressure sections'operating in parallel on fluid discharged from the high pressure section under full power conditions, each low pressure section receiving fluid discharged from a separate stage of the high pressure section. A

9. A turbine unit comprising a 'multistage high pressure section adapted to pass all fluid required under full ower conditions, two low pressure sections a apted to operate in parallel on fluid delivered from the high pressure section under full power conditions, means for cutting off the supply of fluid to one low pressure section, and for delivering fluid to the other section from a stage of lower pressure under reduced power consingle supplying fluid to the double uid re quired under full power conditions, a low pressure closing olf the normal suppl 'ditions than that from which it receives fluid under full power condition.

10. A turbine unit comprising a multistage high pressure section, a single flow low pressure section, a double flow low pressure section, means for operating said low pressure sections in parallel on fluid discharged from the high pressure section low pressure section receiving fluid from one stazige of the high pressure section, a

ow low pressure section and means for cutting off the delivery of fluid to the double flow section under reduced power conditions and for placing the single flow section in communication with the stage pressure section.

'pressuresection', means for delivering fluid from the high pressure section to the double flow section and means for substituting the single flow section for the double flow section under reduced power conditions. v i 13. A turbine unit comprising a multistage high pressure section, a separate double flow low pressure section, a separate single flow low pressure section, means for delivering fluid from one stage of the high pressure section to the single flow section means for delivering fluid from a stage of lower pressure of the high pressure section to the double flow section, and means for of fluid to the single flow section and or delivering 'fluid thereto from a stage of lower pressure of the high pressure section under reduced power conditions.

14. A turbine unit comprising a multistage high pressure' section, a separate double flow low pressure section, a separate single flow low ressure section, means for delivering fluid rom one stage of the high pressure section to the single flow section means fordelivering fluid from a stage 0% lower pressure of the high pressure section to the double flow section, and means for closing off the normalsu ply of fluid to the single flow section and or delivering fluid thereto from a stage of lower pressure of the high pressure section and for cutting off the supply of fluid to the double flow section, under reduced power conditions.

15. A turbine unit comprising a high pressure section and two low pressure sections, each section including ahead and reversing elements, means for operating the till it it all till

it it the low pressure reversing elements.

eat er ahead elements of the low pressure section in parallel on fluid discharged. from the ahead element of the high pressure section and means tor operating the reversing elements of the low pressure elements in parallel on fluid discharged from the reversing element of the high' pressure section.

l6. ll turbine unit comprising a high pressure section, and two low pressure sec tions, each receiving fluid from a different stage of the high pressure section, a reversing element in each section and means for delivering fluid discharged from the high pressure reversing element to one or both oil 17. it turbine unit comprising a high pressure section, two low pressure sections, means for delivering motive fluid from one stage of the high pressure section to one low pressure section, means for delivering steam trorn another stage or the high pressure element to the other low pressure element, and

means for delivering high pressure motive tluid to each low pressure section under emergency conditions.

18. A turbine unit comprising a multistage high pressure section, a multistage low pressure section, .rneans for delivering iluid .lrorn a high pressure stage oi the high pressure section to a low pressure eta-gent the low pressure section while developing lull power, and means for delivering tluid. trom a stage ot lower pressure of the high pressure section to the initial stage out the r low pressure section under reduced power conditions.

19. in a turhine unit a multistage high pressure section, two low pressure sections, at least one of which is provided with a plurality of stages adapted to operate in series, means tor delivering; Itluid from a high pressure stage oil the high pre sure section to an intermediate stage of the multistage low pressure section and nieans tor delivering fluid. iroin a stage of lower pressure of the high pressure section to the other low pressure section, an der tull power conditions, and means :tor delivering fluid from a low pressure stage oi? the high pressure section to the initial stageot' the multistage section and tor cutting oil the supply of :tluid to the other low pres-- sure section while developing reduced power.

in a turhine unit a multistage high pressure section, two low pressure sections, at least one at which is provided with a plurality oi stages series, means tor delivering fluid from a high pressure stage of the high pressure section to an intermediate stage of the multistage low pressure section and means for delivering tluid from a stage of lower pressure at the high pressure section to the other low pressure section, under full power conditions, and means for delivering fluid trorn a low pressure out the high pressure section to the initial stage of the multistage section and for cutting off the supply of fluid to the other low pressure section while developing reduced power, a reversing element for each section and means for delivering fluid from the high pressure reversing element to one or both oi the low pressure reversing elements.

21. ln a turbine unit a multistage high pressure section, two low pressure sections, at least one oif which is provided with a plurality of stages adapted to operate in series, means for delivering fluid from a high pressure stage oi the high pressure section to an intermediate stage of the multistage low pr ssure section and means for delivering fluid from a stage of lower pressure ot' the high. pressure section to the other low pressure section, under iull power con ditions, and means tor delivering fluid from a low pressure stage of the high pressure section to the initial stage of the multistage section and for cutting oil the supply of fluid to the other low pressure section while developing reduced power, a reversing element for each section, means tor delivering iluid 'lrom the high pressure reversing element to one or hoth of the low pressure reversing elements and means for delivering high. pressure steam to the low pressure ahead and reversing elements under emergency conditions,

252;, A turhine unit comprising a high pressure section adapted to pass all iluid required. under full power conditions and at least two low pressure sections, characterined hy the tact that means are employed for delivering motive tluid from different stages the high pressure section to the different low pressure sections under full power." conditions.

In testimony whereof l have hereunto suhr rihed nature this 26th day of Espternher, lllld ltltliilllldlt il htllllllllll'l.

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