US1298103A - Marine turbine. - Google Patents

Description

H. F. SCHMIDT.

MARINE TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED'MAY 4, 1915. RENEWED DEC. 30. I918.

Patented Mm 25,1919.

/ N VENTOR,

HIS ATTORNEY FACT v bine,

' and State of Pennsylvania, have and useful Invention in Marine Turbines,

UNITED STATES arana orricn HENRY F. SCHMIDT, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC & MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF YENNSYLVANIA.

MARINE TURBINE.

Application filed May 4, 1915,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY F. SCHMIDT, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Pittsburgh, in the county'of Allegheny made a new of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to power developing apparatus and particularly to such apparatus for use in marine propulsion.

An object of the invention is to produce a new and improved power system or organized turbine apparatus capable of being employed for marine propulsion, which is highly eflicient under ordinary operating conditions, and in which means are employed for materially increasing the power developed under emergency or extraordinary conditions.

A further 0b ect is to produce a marine turbine in which both the ahead and astern.

elements are divided into sections which are located in separate casings, and which are adapted to operate independently under certain conditions and to develop substantially full power with relatively high efiiciencyr It is well known that a combination tur that is, a turbine having a partial or variable admission high pressure stage, for example, of the impulse type, and a full peripheral admission low pressure stage of, for example, the reaction type, is highly efiicient. The impulse type of turbine is inherently capable of developing ciently when supplied with high pressure motive fluid, whereas the reaction or impact reaction typ is more efiicient in the development of power when operating on low pre'ssure motive fluid than the straight impulse type of turbine. For this reason, a combination turbine, such as above described, is highly eificient and the disadvantages in herent in both types employed are largely eliminated.

In marine and particularly in naval installations it is desirable to provide an emergency unit, which will be capable of developing power more or less efliciently in case the main power unit is disabled. In my present invention I contemplate dividing the main power unit into separate sections so that either section may be employed independently as an emergency unit for the purpose of developing substantially full power.

Specification 'of Letters Patent.

power eth- Patented Mar. 25, 1919.

Serial No. 25,737. Renewed December 30, 1918. Serial No. 269,028.

In accomplishing this I provide an ahead turbine of the combination type and I divide it into sections so that one or more of the high pressure stages comprise one section which is locatedin a separate casing with the high pressure stage or stages of the reverse turbine, and the low pressure-stage or stages of the ahead comprise a separate section which is located in a casin with the low pressure section or sections or the astern turbine. With such an arrangement of apparatus either section may be employed in driving the turbine ahead or astern, and I have provided means whereby both sections may be connected to the condenser, so that each may have the benefit of the condenser while operating independently. This not only increases the range of expansion of each section but also conserves the fresh water, which is of extreme importance on shipboard. I have discovered that the reversing elements or astern turbines occasion considerable difliculty by reason of the fact that they operate as pumps while being driven in the reverse direction or while the ahead turbines are developing power. The pumping action creates heat, and the heat occasions difficulties where close clearances are employed, since it causes warping of either the stationary or rotating parts. A further object of my invention is therefore to produce a marine turbine employing reversing sections in which close clearance are not employed and in which the windage and the pumping action are reduced to a minimum.

In the single sheet drawing accompanying 1 and forming a part hereof, I have illustrated diagrammatically a marine turbine installation embodyin my invention.

As illustrated, the ahead turbine is formed in two stages, a high pressure stage 4., and a low pressure stage 5. The high pressure stage is shown as a multiple drop impluse stage and is located in a separate casing from the low pressure stage, which is conventionally illustrated as of the Parsons. or reaction type. The astern turbine is illustrated as a multiple stage impulse turbine with the high pressure stage 6 located in the same casing with the high pressure stage 4 of the ahead turbine and the low pressure stage 7 located in the same casing with the low pressure stage 5 of the ahead turbine.

As illustrated, the stages 4 and 6 of the ahead and reversing turbines respectively are provided with a common shaft 8. and the common casing 9 is provided, intermediate its ends, with a diaphragm 10, which extends inwardly to the shaft-,8 and divides the interior of the casing intotwo compartments,

one inclosing the stage 4 and the other the stage 6, Mounted on the diaphragm 10-"is a suitable packing 12, such for example as an interleavlng seal, which forms a fluid tight joint between the diaphragm and the shaft or rotor 8.-

Motive fluid is delivered to the stage 4 through a port 13, which supplies the fluid to one or more nozzles 14, forming a part of the high pressure stage 4. The motive fluid delivered by the nozzles is received by a row of impulse blades mounted on the rotor element from which it is delivered to stationary redirecting vanes. The vanes redirect. the fluid traversing them and deliver it to a second row of impulse blades mounted on the rotor element.

In the illustrated embodiment, the steam issuing from the second row of blades is delivered through a passage 15 to an inlet port 16 of the low pressure section, but it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that it may first traverse an additional high pres sure stage of either the impulse or reaction t pe.

The motive fluid delivered to the reversing stage 6, enters an inlet port 17, with which the casing 9 is provided, and is delivered by one or more nozzles 18 to the impulse blades included in that stage. The fluid delivered from the stage 6, traverses a passage 19, which communicates with an inlet port 21 formed in the low pressure section.

As illustrated, the low pressure section includes a casing 22, which is provided at an intermediate point with an exhaust port 23, shown in direct communication with a condenser 24. The inlet port 16 of the ahead stage 5 is located at one end of the casing 22, while the inlet port 21 for delivering motive fluid to the reversing stage 7 islocated at the other end of the casing. The stages 5 and 7 are provided with a common rotor element 25 which, as illustrated, is directly connected to a shaft 26. A rotor drum, on which the moving blades of the stage 5 are mounted, is located near one end of the rotor 25, while the blade carrying wheel on which the moving blades of the stage 7 are mounted is located at the other end of the rotor. A. balance dummy or piston 27 is also mounted on the rotor ele ment for counterbalancing the longitudinal thrust occasioned by the fluid traversing the stage 5.

lVith' this arrangement of apparatus motive fluid delivered through the port 13 of the high pressure section after having traversed the high pressure stage 4 is delivered to the passage 15, from which it is delivered I through the port 16 to the low pressure stage 5 and is finally exhausted into the condenser through the port 23. The'niotive fluid delivered to the port 17, after traversing the high pressure stage 6 of the astern turbine, is delivered through the passage 19 and port 21 to'the low pressure stage 7 and finally after it has traversed the low pressure stage, it is delivered to the condenser-through the port 23. I a

In the: drawings I have shown a by-pass 28 communicating with the passage 15 and with the inlet of the'condenser 24, and so arranged that it is capable of by-passing fluid discharged from the high pressure stage 4 around the low pressure stage 5 direct to the condenser. Communication between the bypass 28 and the passage 15 is controlled by a, valve 30, and communication between the passage 15 and the inlet port 16 of the stage 5 iscontrolled by a valve 31, so located that when it is closed and the valve 30 is open, fluid issuing from the stage 4 will pass directly to the condenser. I have also shown a by-pass 32 for the reversing stage 7, which communicates with the passage 19 and with the inlet of the condenser and is provided with a control valve 83. A valve 34, similar to the valve 31 in the passage 15, is provided in the passage 19, between the inlet to the bypass 32 and the inlet port- 21, so that when the valve 34 is closed and the valve 33 is open,'fluid exhausted from the high pressure stage of the astern turbine will pass directly to the condenser. I have also shown a valved passage 35 for admitting high pressure motive fluid direct to the port 16 and a valved passage 36 for admitting high pressure motive fluid direct to the port 21. With this arrangement, the low pressure stage of either the ahead or the astern turbine can be operated in parallel with its corresponding high pressure stage, or it can be operated independently of its high pressure stage on high pressure fluid, and'in this way develop substantially full power when the high pressure stage is incapacitated. The high pressure stage of either the ahead or the astern turbine is also capable of developing substantially full power when its corresponding low pressure stage is incapacitated, since its range of expansion can be materially increased by connecting it, as above described, direct to the condenser.

As illustrated, the shaft 8 is coupled to a pinion 38, which meshes with a gear 39, to which a. propeller shaft 40 may be directly connected; and the shaft 26 is shown con nected to a pinion 41, which also meshes with the gear 39 and which, as illustrated, is of the same diameter as the pinion 38. It will be understood, however, that the pinions 38 and 41 may be of difi erent di- In accordance with the patent statutes, 1

have illustrated and described what I now; consider the preferred embodiment of my invention, but I desire it to be understood that various changes, substitutions, modifications, additions and omissions may be made in the apparatus illustrated without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth by the appended claims.

What I claim is:

1. A power system comprising an ahead turbine divided into sections, each of which is provided with a separate casing, an astern turbine divided into separate sections corresponding to the divisions of the ahead turbine, with the separate sections located in the same casings with the corresponding sections of the ahead turbine, a condenser communicating with the casing including the low pressure sections of the ahead and astern turbines, and means for toy-passing the low pressure sections of both the ahead and the astern turbines by delivering fluid issuing from sections normally of higher pressure direct to the condenser.

2. A power system comprising an ahead turbine having an impulse high pressure section and a reaction low pressure section located in a separate casing from the high pressure section, an astern turbine having an impulse high pressure section located in the same casing with the high pressure section of the ahead and an impulse low pressure section located in the same casing with the reaction section of the ahead, a condenser communicating with the low pres sure sections of the ahead and the astern turbines, and means for by-passing motive fluid from the high pressure sections of both the ahead and astern turbines around both the low pressure sections direct to the condenser.

3. A power system comprising an ahead turbine having a variable or partial admission high pressure section and a full peripheral admission low pressure section located in a separate casing from the high pressure section and receiving motive fluid therefrom, an astern turbine having a high pressure variable or partial admission section located in the same casing with the high pressure section of the ahead turbine, and a low pressure variable or partial admission section located in the same casing with the low pressure section of the ahead turbine and receiving motive fluid from the high pressure section of the astern turbine, a condenser communicating with means for by-passing motive fluid from both high pressure sections around both low presboth low pressure sections,

sure sections to the condenser, and means for admitting high pressure fluid to both low pressure sections.

4. A power system comprising an ahead turbine having a variable or partial admission high pressure section and a full peripheral admission low pressure section located in a separate casing from the high pressure section and receiving motive fluid therefrom, an astern turbine having a high pressure variable or partial admission section located in the same casing with the high pressure section of the ahead turbine, and a low presf sure variable or partial admission section located in the same casing with the low pressure section of the ahead turbine and receiving motive fluid from the high pressure section of the astern turbine, a condenser communicating with both low pressure sections, means for by-passing motive fluid from both high pressure sections around both low pressure sections to the condenser and means for admitting high pressure fluid to both low pressure sections and a gearing having a driven gear, and two pinions meshing therewith, each of said pinions being driven by the rotor element of one of said sections.

5. 'A marine turbine divided into a high pressure ahead and astern section and a low pressure ahead and astern section, each section having a separate casing and'a separate rotor; the high pressure ahead and astern section consisting of turbine elements having two or more moving ,rows of blades per stage, and the low pressure ahead element having a stage, and conduits whereby the low pressure sections may be by-passed and may be operated independently of the high pressure sections.

6. A marine turbine divided into a high pressure ahead and astern section and a low pressure ahead and astern section, each section having separate ahead and astern elements, a condenser indirect communication with the low pressure section, means for bypassing both the ahead and astern elements of the low pressure section by delivering fluid issuing from the high pressure section directly to the condenser, and independent means for delivering high pressure motive fluid to both the ahead and astern elements of the low pressure section, in combination with a gearing comprising a driven gear and two pinions meshing therewith, each pinion being operatively connected to the rotor element of one of said sections. I

7. A marine turbine divided into a high pressure ahead and astern section and a low pressure ahead and astern section, each section having a separate casing and a separate rotor; the low pressure ahead element having a single row of moving blades per stage, and the high pressure and lowv pressure single moving row of blades per astern elements having two or more moving rows of blades per stage, in combination with a condenser communicating with the low pressure section, means for bypassing both elements of the low pressure section by directly connecting the high pressure section to the condenser, and means for delivering high pressure motive fluid to both elements of the low pressure section independently of the delivery of fluid to the high pressure section.

8. A marine propelling unit comprising an ahead turbine divided into a high pressure section and a low pressure section-located in a separate casing from the high pressure section and receiving motive fluid therefrom, a reversing turbine divided into a high pressure section located in thecasing of the high pressure section of the ahead turbine, and a low pressure section receiving motive fluid. from the high pressure reversing section and located in the casing of the low pressure ahead section, a condenser con municating with an exhaust port in the low pressure casing which serves both the ahead and means for delivering high pressure motive fluid to both low pressure sections independently ofthe delivery of fluid to the high pressure sections.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 1st day of May, 1915.

HENRY F. SCHMIDT. W'itnesses:

C. W. MCGHEE,

MoCALmsrnR.

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