US1345164A - Building construction - Google Patents

Description

E. P. GARNER.

BUILDHJG CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATloN FILED FEB. I3, 1919.

Patnted June 29, 1920.

E. P. GARNER.

BUILDING C ONSTRUCTIUN.

APPLICATION FILED FEB;13,1919.

1,345, 1 A64, Patented June 29, 1920.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

/g @MM E. P. GARNER.

. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION F|`LEU FEB. 13, 19I9.'

Patented J une 29, 1920.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

ation/w1,

E. P. GARNIER. BUILDINGCONSTRUCTION.

0. 2. ,94 1T 9am 2Ju .eS nu E JW. d5 m m .D1 Rm FF.. w N o H A m H DI A vRu` 1 .0` .4. o0 J .1

E. P. GARNIER.

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5. l

ERNEST I.A GARNER, OF CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA.

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

Specification of Letters Patent vPatented Julie 29, 1920.

Application filed February 13, 1919. Serial No. 276,853.

T all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, ERNEST P. GARNER, a'

. citizen of the United States, vresiding at Charleston, in the county ofCharleston and State of South Carolina, have invented new and useful Improvements in Building Gonstruction, of which the following is a specification.

This invention lrelates to building con-v struction and has particular reference to portable bungalows though adapted equally well in many features to general wooden building structures.

T he primary object of the invention is to facilitate the construction of wooden buildings of variable dimensions by preparing the several parts in such condition that they may be readily assembled by lany person with ordinary intelligence, whether a carpenter 'or not, without requiring cutting, sizing or fitting the previously-constructed parts or units at the place of erection, and which, if desired, may be separated and reassembled and wherebya wooden bungalow cottage, or other larger building, may be shipped conveniently or transported from one location to another.

A further object of the invention is the production of a knockdown or portable wooden building wherein the several sections, parts or units are preliminarily prepared in such manner that they may be joined securely by the use of materially less nails or other fastenings than are required in ordinary similar building structures.

A further object of the invention is to produce a strong and durable wooden building which will be interiorly dry `and afford ample protection against severe weather conditions, and also .with such structural features as to provide for a neat interior finish and comfortable dwelling equipment or conveniences by way of space divisions or rooms, as well as an exterior symmetrical and artistic appearance.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a structure composed of units manufactured prior to the time of erection and readily assembled to form garages, tool and farm out houses, granaries, and toy houses.

With these and other objects and advantages in view, the invention consists in the preferred construction and arrangement of the several parts which will be more fully hereinafter described and claimed.

In the drawings Figure l is a longitudinal vertical sectional view of a bungalow embodying the features of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a sectional plan view of the I bungalow. y

Fig. 3 is a transverse Vertical section of a portion of the bungalow showing the one end wall taken on the line 3,-3, Fig. l. Fig. et is an enlarged transverse broken section through one end walland door, taken on the line 4 4, Fig. l.

Fig. 5 is an 'enlarged transverse broken section particularly showing one of the partitions that will be used in dividing the interior of the bungalow.

F ig. 6 is an enlarged horizontal broken section through one corner and window and door jambs and portions of one side and partition, taken on the line 6-6, Fig. 1.

Fig. 7 is an enlarged section through the front side wall and portions of the floor and `roof of the bungalow and showing a window jamb and roof extension and verge board;

Fig. 8 1s a detaIltransverse sectIonal View o-f one of-the sIlls, a portion of an outer panel and of the Hoor and a part of an intersecting sill in side elevation, and showing a tongue locking piece or strip arranged.

to compensate `for a crooked sill.

Fig. 9 is a horizontal section through the upper part of a portionof one wall and roof structure.

Fig. l0 is a section taken inthe plane of the line 10-10, Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is a detail perspective View of one of the gable end brackets.

Fig. 12 is a detail transverse sectional view on an enlarged scale showing a part of one of the sills and studs to illustrate the interlocki'n g relation thereof.

. The numerals 5 and 6 designate the side to the floor width and fitted and secured between the side sills and to a central sill 9 as shown by Fig. 1. rPhe sills 5, 6 land 9 are supported on piers l0 erected at desired intervals and formed of brick or other material such asconcrete. These sills serve to support a floor 10u and the entire superstructure of the bungalow, and extending upwardly therefrom are corner posts 1l and wall studs l2 between said posts. rllhe corner posts and studs 1l and l2 support wallplates 13, and each stud is vformed.

lIO

with opposite side grooves or rabbets 14 and 15 and with lower inner recesses 12a to permit the studs to extend downwardly over the full width of the sills 5 and 6, said recesses being under cut at the inner lower terminal portions of the studs to form tongues 12b, see Fig. 12. rllhe pairs of outerv opposing groovesor rabbets 14 are wider than the'inner pairs of grooves or rabbets 15, the latter being adjacent to and kreducing the width of the inner edges of the studs to form space closures 15a. The grooves or rabbets 14, are Jformed at distances inwardly from the outer sides of the studs so that the latter provide outer end joint closures 14, or, have overlapping joint members due to the groove or rabbet formation just specified for a purpose which will be presently explained. The corner posts each have two grooves or rabbets 16 and 17 in the one inner side of each, the groove or rabbet 17 being narrower than the groove or rabbet 16,

and in the remaining inner side a single.

groove 18 is formed. The grooves or rabbets 14 of the studs 12 and grooves or rabbets 16 and 18 of the corner posts 11 receivey the side edges of outer side and end panels 19 which project above the plates 13 and downwardly over and terminate `Hush with the lower side`edges of the sills, `and the grooves or rabbets 15 of the studs 12 and grooves or rabbets 17 of the corner posts receive the edges of inner panels 20, the space sus closures 15a at the inner sides of the studs fitting closely between the side edges of the said inner panels, the said outer and yinner panelsforming substantially hollow walls at the opposite sides and ends of the bunga- 4 low. Cover strips 20 are also provided and applied over the contiguous edges of the in- `ner panels 20 and secured against the space closures 15 of the-studs. The lower ends of the outer panels 19 are coincident with the lower sides of the sills 5 and 6, the said panels extending over the outer sides and above the plates. Ceiling joists 21 are laid upon and supported by the front and rear plates 13, these joists being of greater length than the distance between the front and rear walls of the building or bungalow to provide projecting keying extremities 22 which mav have their outer ends suitably finished.

The keying extremities 22 of the joists 21 are each formed with inner and outer pairs of vertical rooves 24 and 25 in opposite sides thereo the inner pairs of grooves 24 alininfr with uplper grooves 26a near the in- 1 .ner ediges of t e -front and rear plates 13, and the outer pairs of grooves 25 being in position for engagement by the ed es of the upper extremities of the outer ro'nt and rear side wall panels, as shown by Figs.` 9' and 10. The studs 412 have their upper ends terminating at and secured by any suitable means against the under sides of the plates l a straight wall will always be insured irrespectiveof whether or not the sill is straight, each piece or strip being primarily adjusted and set straight and all the pieces or strips properly alined and secured, and ii the sill is crooked a primary adjustment of the pieces or strips may be readily effected to overcome the irregularity of the sill, as

shown by. Fig. 8. Furthermore, grooving the sill is avoided and formation of water receiving crevices is thereby prevented and decay materially obviated. It is also well known that where'timber is grooved an internal crack or fracture is, apt to formlaterally from the groove, and this weakening 'feature of the sill is also avoided by using the tongue piece or strip 28.

The under sides ofthe plates near the outer sides thereof are likewise provided with pieces or strips 29 similar to the piecesor strips 28 and having depending tongues 3Q. There will be a number of these pieces 28 and 29 between the studs 12 and the latter will be braced by said pieces. Each outer panel 19 has lower and upper locking battensor cleats 31 and 32 extending transversely over the inner sidethereof, the lower hatten or cleat 31 being a istance upwardly thereon from the lower end of the -panel suiiicient to permit the desired dependence oi` Ithe panel over the outer side of the adjacent sill and engages over and snugly fits the tongue 27 of the piece or strip 28 adjacent thereto. The upper batten or cleat 32 is a 'distance downwardly from the upper end of thev p'inel sufficient to permit the up er extremig'y of the panel to' extend over an' cover the adjacent plate 13 and engages the tongue 3() of jthe adjacent piece or strip 29. All of the other panels are similarly` applied'between the corner posts 11 and may be readily set up aiid secured without the use of nails, screws or bolts to provide an advantageous outer wall closure for the bungalow or building. The inner panels20 have their lower ends set closely on the floor l0, and those between the corner posts 11 have their side edges fitted in the inner pair of grooves 15 of the studs 12 and extend upwardly to the 120 the closures a and over the adjacent joints between the side edges of the panels 2O and the studs. The inner panels 2() also have cross battens 34 at intervals on their outer sides to strengthen them and prevent warping thereof, and between the inner and outer panels air checks 35 are interposed at intervals,`said checks also actin to reinforce theV complete wall structure. he side edges of the outer and inner panels 19 and 20 adjacent to the corner posts 11 are fitted in the grooves or rabbets 16, 17 and 18, the inner side edges of the panels iitting in and firmly v held by the outer vertical grooves 25. At the ends of the bungalow or buildingVa-s shown by Figs. 3 and 4, gable brackets36 are f placed and held on the upper surfaces of the plates 13 along the end walls, and each is of the shape shown in detail by Fig. 11 and formed with a pair of vertical side grooves 37 near the inner end to receive the side edges of the upper extremities of the outer end wall panels 19. The major part of each bracket 36 projects-outwardly beyond the outer surfaces of panels 19, and the upper side thereof is provided with parallel mor- ,tises 38 extending transversely thereover and having tie strips 39 secured therein, said latter strips also giving the upper portions of the bungalow ends a neat finish and appear- Wherever a door 40 is set in either end or side wall, or both walls, the frame of the i door, comprising a threshold 41 having a sill 42 thereon, side uprights 43 and a head 44, is fitted in between the studs 12 at the point or-pointsdesired and the full length inner panels 19 and 20 Iare replaced by upper and lower shorter panels 45 and 46 also disposed between the studs 12 as hereinbefore described and respectively in outer and inner seats or grooves 47 and 48 in the headl 44, and in a groove 49 in the lower side of.

the threshold 41. A facing strip 51 is secured over the joint between the lower end similar to applying and securing the door frames in place.

The interior space ofthe bungalow may be divided as desired in any number of rooms by suitable partition structures or walls, one of'which is shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 5, and in these partition structures or. walls door- `frames and doors may be introduced Wherever desired to form ready means of communication between adjoining rooms. Each partition structure or wall essentially comprises an upper partition plate 53 terminally secured to opposing wall plates 13'with a series of partition studs 54 extending therefrom to the floor 10a. Wall panels 55 are lapplied to opposite sides of the studs 54, the stud and panel arrangement of the partition structure being similar to the inner sides of the studs 12 and inner panels 20 and have cover strips 55a secured over the side edge joints. The panels 55 areprovided with inner cross battens 56 -in abutting adj acency to brace and solidify the partition wall structure and also to in a measure form air checks.-

The ceiling and oor linishin moldings 33 and 33El are continued asat 5 and. 58 over the upper and lower end joints of the panels 55 and respectively secured to the partition plate 53 and floor 10a. The platiJ 53 is so disposed that one side edge thereof is coincident with the one side of the ceiling joist 21 against which the plate is-applied, and said plate is greater/in width than the joist and' projects to one side of the latter, and also is greater in VYwid/th than the maximum width of the partition whereby the plate has a cap appearance relatively to the partition. Around theinterior of the upper part of the bungalow ceiling fascia or facing strips 59 extend upwardly from the wall plates 13 and are formed with lower molding edges 60 to give them an ornamental appearance. A similar fascia or facing strip 6l is applied also to the partition plate 53 adjacent to the side edge opposite that with which the ceiling joist 21 coincides. The fascia or facing strips 59 at the front and rear walls are between theceiling joists 21 and terminally engage the inner pairs of grooves24 of the keying extremities 23 of said joists, the lower edges of said fascia or strips 59 'en-l gaging the rgrooves 26 of the adjacent wall plates 13. he side wall plates 13 have their upperv sides similarly grooved as at 62 tov receive the lower edges of the side wall 61 which may be of fascia or facing stri liose applied -to the end lonlger lengths than t wa s.

The ceiling and roof structure comprise va plurality of intermediate roof rafters 63 running upwardly at an incline and secured to a ridge strip or piece 64, the lower ends of said rafters being beveled 'and located adjacent to the inner grooves 24 of the keying extremities 23V of the ceiling joists 2-1 and.

fitted in central grooves 65 extending longitudinallj7 of the said joists.

I' andI at the inner side of each In the end portions of the grooves 65 blocks 65a are secured and provide stops for the ends of the rafters 63, and when the roof structure is completed as hereinafter specified, it will be impossible for the said rafters to be lifted or become loose or in anywise displaced. The rafters 63 are 'of a thickness materially less than the width of the joists 21 and opposite ledges 66 are thus formed between the rafters and provide clearance and supports for ceiling panels 67 having battens 68 thereacros's at intervals to strengthen and prevent warping thereof. The fascia or facingstrips 59 and 61 have their upper edges in close contact with the lower sides of the ceiling panels 67 and provide 'an additional support for the latter as .wellas a neat finish. The roof also includes boarding and having a water table 71 extending full length of and depending below the lower edge thereof, the table 71 having a .channel or rabbet 72 in the inner portion of 'the lower edge to receive the upper ends of the outer panels 19 of the end walls to provide an overlapping protective covering for said panel ends and to close the spaces between the side edges of the panels above the upper surfaces of the gable brackets 36.

. Along the `upper lreverse angular edges anel, rafters 73 are secured and terminate ush with the V ends of the panel, these rafters at their upper ends being attached to and abutting against the ends of the ridge strip or piece 64. In connection with the gable ends the rafters 73 also provide means for supporting the top cover of the roof. kAs a reinforcing means, tie or collar beams 63Et are secured to the rafters 63, as shown by Fig. 1. The outer wall panels 19 of the side walls of the bungalow are each provided with a roof retaining cleat 74 on4 the inner side of the upper end thereof, said cleat projecting above the upper end of the panel and having an inner locking groove 75 near its upper edge, the latter edge being beveled as at 76 to correspond to the slope of the adjacent rafters. Secured to and extending vertically over the inner side of each gable panel from the rafters 73 an equal distance below l the lower edge of the said panel are a plurality of gable studs 969 which terminally' engage and bear upon the adjacent wall plate 13, the lower depending portions of the studs 69l being of such length that when they engage the plate 13 the water table 71 will be in full association with the upper ends of the adjacent outer panels 19. Be-

-fore the. top covering structure of the roof is applied, the ceiling anels 67 are placed 1n position on the cei ing ljoists 21, these panels terminating a short istance at each of their ends from the cleats 74 and whereby are placed centrally -over the rafters 63 as shown by Fig. 3 and engage rafter strips 80 extending transversely over and secured to the rafters 63 and 73, and near their lower ends said roof panels are also provided on the lower sides with transversely extending locking battens or strips 81 having the outer edges thereof formed withy beveled grooves 82 to it and tightly interlock with the grooves 75 of the outer panel cleats 74. The locking battens or strips 81 each extends one half its lengtheach way and engagestwo locking cleats 74 at the upper portions of two of the outside panels 19, whereby each roof panel engages or interlocks with two of the said panels and conversely two side panels interlock with each roof panel. Moreover, the locking battens or strips 81 extend over and engage the ceiling j oists 21 and prevent the latter being lifted bywind or other cause. j

The roof is finished by securing a crown molding 83 to each end over the verge boards 79. In the key spaces 77 key strips 84, wedge-spaced in cross-section, are inserted after the ceiling and-roof panels have been placed and locked and engage and lock over the ends of the ceiling panels 67 andl hold the latter panels firmly against movement, and also engage the locking battens or strips 81 of the roof panels 7 8, and prevent said strips or battens from becoming disengaged from the panel cleats 74, and by this means the roof structure as a Whole is firmly secured in place with a strong resistance against the force of the natural elements. Infact, the key strips force down Aand lock all parts adjacent thereto against loose movement or displacement.

In addition to the general structural features hereinbefore described, the bungalow may be provided with a porch comprising a umns 88 and on cap brackets 89 attached to the columns, and on the caps a porch box or roof supporting frame 90 is disposed and suitably fastened. Side and end plates 91 and 92 are superimposed on the box or frame 90, and from the end plates 92 porch roof rafters 93 having upper inclined edges lreversely extending upwardly toward the vertical centers thereof, ceiling panels 94 being laid and secured on the plates 91 and 92 and having their side edges engaging rabbets 95 formed in the intermediate and in# nermost rafters 93 and also engaging rabbets 96 in the plates. The ceiling panels 94 have cross battens 97 on their upper sides to strengthen them and prevent warping there-l of, and said panels may be easily applied to the plates 91 and 92 to form a flat ceiling that may have any desirable finish or ornamentation. Laid over and secured on the rafters 93 are roof panels 98 which in part project outwardly beyond the outer side of the roof frame, as shown by Fig. 1, and have an ornamental verge board 99 secured thereto. At the sides and one end of the porch y between the columns 88 rails 100 are mounted and have vertical palings 101 disposed therein, as shown, to provide orch guards, the opposite end of the porch beingfopen and having steps 102 leading thereto from the ground surface or Walk,'the parts of the porch, as just explained, being secured to eachother and to the adjacent portions of the building by any suitable means. A front door 103, mounted as hereinbefore described, vwith a suitable threshold or sill 104 gives ingress and egress to and from the interionof the bungalow relatively to the porch.

The foregoing parts may be assembled in the bungalow structure tothe best advantage to economize expense and time in erection andA placement. All the parts will be completed at some point of manufacture and delivered with an instruction specifica tion that will enable an unskilled laborer or laborers to erect the bungalow, thereby materially reducing the cost of bungalow or general building structures embodying the features herein explained. Any size of building maybe produced by correspondingly shaping the dimensions and proportions of the several structural parts.

1. A building comprising sills with tongued strips on the upper sides thereof, joists engaging the sills and having a floor laid thereon, studs rising from the sills and having lower groovedy ends fitted over the said tongued strips, wall plates mounted over and engaging the studs and provided with lower groove means, outer and inner wall panels between the studs, the outer panels having lower and upper grooved cleats to interlock with the tongued strips of the sills and groove means of said plates,

the lower extremities of the outer -panels covering the outer sides of the sills, and a roof structure mounted over thesills.

2. A building comprising sills with Vtongued strips on the upper sides thereof,

`the studs and the outer panels having lower and upper grooved cleats to interlock with thev tongued strips of the sills and groove means of said plates, and a roof structure mounted over the plates.

3. A building comprising sills and upper plates, joists engaging the sills and having a floor laid thereon, studs rising from the sills and having a slot in the lower inner portion of their ends to provide for dependence of the studs fully over the outer sides of the sills and to engage-over upper edge portions of the sills, the studs also having outer and inner pairs of grooves in the lopposite sides thereof, outer and inner wall panels between and engaging the grooves of the studs, the outer panels extending over and covering the outer sides ofv panels and the sills and plates for setting up an interlockbetween said panels, studs, sills and plates, and a roof structure mounted over the plates and provided with panels extending *over and engaging the upper edges of a part of the outer wall panels, the latter panels and roof panels having separable interlocking grooved devices.

4. A building comprising sills with tongued strips on the upper sides thereof, joists engaging the sills and having a floor laid thereon, corner posts rising from the sills and provided with grooves in opposite sides thereof` studs also rising from the sills and having grooves in the opposite sides of the same and also provided with lower slotted terminals to engage the tongued strips of the sills and form portions to depend fully over the outer sides of the sills, wall plates `mounted over and engaging the studs and provided with groove means at their lower sides, outer and inner wall panels between the studs and engaging the grooves of the latter land the grooves of the corner posts and having their lower extremities extending over the outer sides of the sills between the depending portions of the studs,

Y posts rising froml the sills and having-outer ,A

the outer panels having lower and upper grooved strips thereon, studs and corner and inner grooves in the opposite sides there of, the outer grooves of the studs being lo- `cated at a distance inwardly from the outer edges of the same, plates supported. on the studs and having groove means, wall panels having grooved cleats engaging over the ture mounted over the 'having c grooved strips of the sills and also engaging the groove means of the plates, the panels having their side edges fitted in the outer grooves of the. studs and the joints between them covered by the outer projecting portions of the studs beyond the grooves therein, the lower extremities of the panels extending fully over the outer side portions of the sills, and a roof structure mounted over the plates and havin portions thereof separably interlocked with a part of the wall panels. 1

6. A building comprising a lower frame structure havingy sills with grooved strips thereon, studs rising from the sillsiarid provided with outer 4grooves in the opposing sides thereof at distances inwardly flpin the outer edges of vthe studs, plates mounted on the studs, wall panels havin cleats engaging the grooved strips of t e sills of the lower frame structure andthe plates, the 'side edges of the panels en aging the grooves of the studs, thejoints o the panels being closed by the outer projecting portions of 4-0 the studs and thelower extremities of the latter `being slotted to fit yover portions of the sills to form pendants', the lower outer pendants of the studs and also the lower extremities of thel panels extending fully over and covering the outer sides of the lower framev structure, and a roof strucplates.

v7. A building comprlsing a lower frame structure including sills having grooved strips onthe upper sides thereof, and studs and corner posts rising from the sills, the studs having inner portions of the lowerextremities thereof slotted to form pendants which extend downwardly over the outer sides of the sills, the studs .also provided with outer ,pairs of grooves at distances inwardly from. the outer edges thereof and also with inner pairs of grooves opening through the inner edges thereof, plates nl ounted upon the studs, outer wall panels disposed, between the corner posts and the vstuds having Itheir side edges engaging the outer'grooves of said'studs and whereby the joints between them are covered 'by -the outer edges of the studs, the 'outer panels eats on the inner sides respectively building comprising sills [withk of the studs and the corner posts, the lower extremities of the outer panels extending fully over the outer side portions of the sills, `and a roof structure mounted over the plates.

8. A building comprising lower and upper frame structures, studs and corner posts mounted between and engaging the said structures, the studs having outer lower pendant\portions to extend fully over the outer sides of parts of the lower frame structu}eand also provided with outer and inner" pairs of grooves in opposing side edges thereof, the outer grooves being lo-V cated inwardly a distance from the outer edges of the studs to providejoint closures at the outer portions of the studs, the lower pendant portions of the studs also extending fully over the outer sides of the lower frame structure, outer wall panels engaging the corner posts and the outer grooves in the studs and also depending over the outer sides of the lower frame'structure and extending over the similar sides of the upper frame structure and having separable interlocking relation tothe latter, inner wall panels engaging the inner grooves of the studs and the corner'posts, cover strips applied over the joints between the inner wall panels and thgJ studs, and a roof structure mounted over the'upper frame structure and having wall panels extending over and engaging the upper ends of a part of the outer wall panels, the upper extremities of the outer wall panels and the lower extremities of the roof panels having grooved interlockingy means at the inner l sides thereof.

9. A building comprising a lower frame structure including sills, tongued strips mounted on the upper sides of the sills and adjustable to compensate for crookedness-of the sills to provide astraight alinement of the ton ued strips, corner posts and studs rising rom the sills, wall plates mounted over and engaging the studs and provided with groove means at their' lower sides, outer wally panels having lower and upper grooved cleats to engage the tongued strips of the sills and the groove means 'of the plates and also fitted between the corner posts and the studs'and having their joints covered by por ions of the studs, inner wall panels applled to the studs and corner posts, cover strips over the joints between the linner wall panels and studs,and 'a roof structure mounted over the plates.

10. A buil/dingl comprising a lower frame structure including sills having locking means on the upper sides thereof, an upper frame structure provided with 4locking revbeing provided with grooved locking devices on their inner sides to engage thesills and the upper frame structure and also with top grooved locking devices extending above the upper edges-thereof, and a roof structure mounted over the upper frame structure comprising roof panels extendingr over and bearing upon the upper edges of the said wall panels and having locking devices on their lower sides to engage the grooved locking devices extending above the upper ends of the wall panels. v

11. A building comprising lower and upper frames with studs and corner posts interposed between the same, wall panels ap plied to the said frames and extending at opposite extremities over the outer sides of the frames, the wall panels at two of the opposing sides of the building having grooved locking devices extending transversely thereover at their inner sides and disposed to engage parts of the lower and upper frames and also to project above tlieupper ends of the said panels, ceiling panels mounted over the upper frame structure and removably held on the latter, and a roof structure embodying roof panels extending over the upper edges of the said wall panels and having grooved locking devices on their lower sides to engage the locking devices extending above the upper ends of the wall panels. a

12. A building comprising lower' and upper frames with studs and corner posts interposed between the same, wall panels applied to the said structures, the -wall panels at two of the opposing sides of the building having locking devices at the innerportions of the upper ends thereof above'the upper frame structure, the said locking devices projecting above the upper ends of the panels-and having 4grooves formed therein, ceiling panels mounted over the upper frame structure, a roof structure embodying roof panels having lower grooves' of the locking devices to engage the locking devices at the upper ends of the said two opposing walls of the building, the ends of the ceiling panels being below and adjacent to the locking devices of the roof panels, and key devices introduced between the said locking devices and over the ceiling joists and the ceiling -panel ends. v

13. A knockdownbuilding comprising a lower frame structure, an upper frame structure, separable studs and corner posts incentral grooves extending longitudinally thereof, wall panels separably applied to the studs and corner posts and over the lower and upper trame structures, ceiling panels i' removably held on the upper edges of the ceiling joists at opposite sides of the grooves iii the latter, and a roof structure embodying rafters having their lower ends itted in the grooves of the ceiling joists `and also provided with root' panels extending overv the upper edges of the said wall panels, de-

tachable' locking means being provided onl the wall and roof panels and between. the

locking means of the roof panels and the ceiling panels. j I

14. A kiiockdown building comprising a lower frame structure, an upper frame structures, ceiling joists mounted on the upper frame structure and having central` grooves extending longitudinally oi the upper sides 'of the same, wall panels applied to the studs and corner posts and ovei the lower and upper frame structuresythe wall panels at two opposing wall portions of the building having locking devices at the inner vsides of ture, studs and corner posts interposed between the lower and upper frame structhe upper ends thereofl above the upper frame structure, a roof structure embodying rafters having their lower ends fitted iii the grooves ot' the ceiling joists and also provided with roof panels having locking de vices on the lower sides thereof to engage the locking devices of the said panels of the opposing wall portions of the building, the central rafter end receiving grooves in the ceiling joists providing for the formation of ledges at the opposite sides of the grooves, ceiling panels loosely disposed on said ledges and lield'between the rafters-and key locking devices introduced between the locking Vdevices of the wall and roof panels and over the ceiling joists and the ends of the ceiling panels.

15. A knockdown building vcomprising lower and upper frame structures, corner posts and studs introduced between thelower and upper frame structures, ceiling joists mounted on the upper frame structure and having their opposite extremities projected outwardly beyond the same and formed with inner and outer pairs of vertical grooves, the said ceiling joists also having longitudinal grooves at their uppei` sides, wall panels applied to the lower and upper frame structures between the studs and corner posts,

Athe ceiling joistsextending between a portion of those panels which engage the outer pairs of grooves of said joists, ceiling panels bearing upon -the ceiling joists at the opposite sides of the centers of the latter and having their ends projecting over portions of the members of the upper. frame structure, a roof structure embodying rafters with their lower ends fitted in the grooves Y wardly projecting extremities between the of the ceiling joists and also having roof panels extending over and bearing upon the upper edges of a part of the wall panels andhaving a separable interlocking associa tion with the latter, facing strips introduced between the ceiling joists and engaging the inner grooves of the latter, and key devices interposed between the roof andwall panels and over the ceiling joists and the ends ot' the ceiling panels to removably secure the rooil structure, side wall panels and ceiling panels and joists against accidental disengagement.

16.,A building comprising lower and upper frame structures having studs and corner posts interposed therebetween, wall panels applied to the studs and corner posts over the lower and upper frame structures, and a roof structure comprising gable ends having inner gable studs projecting below they lower edges thereof and bearing upon adjacent parts of the upper frame structure, the gable ends also being provided with outer depending grooved strips to fit over the upper ends of the adjacent panels.

17. A building comprising lower and upper frame structures, studsl and corner posts interposed between the said structures, wall panels applied to' the studs and corner posts vand over the lower and upper frame structures, gable brackets held on portions of the upper frame structure and projecting outwardly between the upper ends of the adj acent panels, ceilingir joists extending across the upper frame structure andy having outupper ends of the adjacent panels, the latter panels being provided with locking devices at the inner portions of their upper ends, the ceiling jo'ists having central grooves in their upper sides, ceiling panels mounted on the ceiling joists engaging the latter at opposite sides of the grooves therein, a root` structure embodying rafters engaging the ceilingl joists between the ceiling panels and also having roof panels with locking devices engaging the locking devices atthe upper ends of a portion of the panels, the roof structure also being provided with end gables having studs extending down-l wardly below the saine and bearing upon the upper portion of the frame structure and also lower grooved strips to it over the upper ends of the adjacent panelsv and'terminate/ close to the gable brackets, and key devices inserted betweenthe said locking devices and the ends of the ceiling panels.

18. A building comprising a wall structure including lower and upper frames, the upper frame having side and end plates and ceiling joists thereon, a partition plate held by a part of the upper frame and engaging one of the ceiling joists, the partition lplate extending to one side of the ceiling joist with which it engages, studs between the lower frame structure and the said partition plate, and wall panels applied to opposite sides of the studs.

In testimony .whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing wit- 70 W. E. om, E. A. Bmliu'oNe

Images