US1344752A - Electrolytic cell - Google Patents
Electrolytic cell Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1344752A US1344752A US146443A US14644317A US1344752A US 1344752 A US1344752 A US 1344752A US 146443 A US146443 A US 146443A US 14644317 A US14644317 A US 14644317A US 1344752 A US1344752 A US 1344752A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- titanium
- plates
- electrolyte
- electrolytic cell
- electrolytic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;titanium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Ti].[Fe] YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IXQWNVPHFNLUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[Fe] IXQWNVPHFNLUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002101 lytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 titanium dioxid Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/042—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by the material
Definitions
- WITNESSES L INVENTOR w y ew/3 W 672ml:
- y invention relates to electrolytic cells
- nlm-forming material such as condensers, lightning arresters, rectifiers and the like, consisting of plates or other active members whichv are composed ⁇ of nlm-forming material and are adapted for' immersionin suitable hlm-forming electrolytes.
- the object of my invention is to provide active conducting members for electrolytic cells of the above-indicated character which shall be composed wholly or in. part of titanium or of compounds of titanium.
- Electrolytic cells 'of the kind to which my invention relates depend, for their operation, upon the property possessed by certain substances of acquiringasymmetric conducting/films when impressed with. electric potential in the presence of a vsuitable film-forming electrolyte.
- the metal most commonly employed. forthis purpose' is aluminum but the same roperty of -forming as etric conducting lms is possessed by other metalsv and also by certain non-metallic substances.
- metallic titanium is well suited for use as the active mater1al in electrolytic cells of the above-indicated character, because of its ability to Aforml asymmetric conducting lms and also because its superficial ilm possesses very high speciiic inductive capacitance and is thin enough to have a high capacitance per unit area.
- the single figure of the accompanyingI drawing illustrates a conventional type of electrolytic cell that may be constructed in accordance with my invention.
- the various parts of an electrolytic c el1 "it is unnecessary to give a' detailed description of such a constructionand theelectrol e employed may be any suitable lmorming electrolyte, as indicated by the legend on the drawing.
- the electrodes may be formed of titanium or. Aa titanium compound as an oxid, as indicated on the drawing and more fully described hereinafter.
- itanium plates for electrolytic condensu ers, lightning arresters and similar cells may be providedwith conducting films by means .l
- Such treatment may, for example, include pickling -with acid andv heat treatment in order to improve the characteristics of the metal.
- Plates having desirable characteristics may also be made from certain compounds of titanium, such as titanium dioxid, in the v ⁇ form of ⁇ natural rutile, or iron-titanium oizid inthe form of ilmenite. Since it is dilicult to obtain masses of these substances of the proper size and shape for use vas the active members of, electrolytic cells, the
- oxids may be applied in linely divided form to the surfaces of supporting plates or other materials such as aluminum.
- a film-forming conductor for electrolytic cells composed of metallic titanium.
- a lm-formin conductor for electrolytic cells adapted or immersion in an electrolyte and having its surface exposed to the electroylyte composed of metallic titanium.
- Electrolytic cell comprising a (plurality of conducting electrodes adapte to ccperate with an electrolyte and at least one of which is composed of metallic titanium.
- An electrolytic cell comprising a plu-r 6.
- a film-formin conductor for electrolytic cells adapted or immersion in an electrolyte and having a surface embodying titanium exposed-to the electrolyte.
- An electrolytic cell comprising a.plu
- An electrolytic cell comprising a plurality of conducting. electrodes adapted for immersion in an electrolyte and having surfaces exposed tothe electrolyte that are covered with' an asymmetric film embodying titanium.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Description
' L. W. CHU'BB. ELLcTRoLYTm CELL.
APPLICATION FILED FEB. 3.1917.
WITNESSES: L INVENTOR w y ew/3 W 672ml:
r BY 7ATTRNEY UNITED `SflATfaif PATENT. oFFicE.
' n l I LnwIs w. cm3, or nnonwoon PABX, ENNsYLvANIA, AssIcNoi-i To wEsTING'.'
noUsn momo AND MANUFACTURING conrANY, A CORPORATION or- PENN- SYLVANIA.,
To all whom it may concern.'
Be it known thatv I, LnwIs W. Online, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Edgewood Park, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have 1nvented a new and useful Improvement In Electrolytic Cells, of which the following is a s ecilication. l
. y invention relates to electrolytic cells,
such as condensers, lightning arresters, rectifiers and the like, consisting of plates or other active members whichv are composed` of nlm-forming material and are adapted for' immersionin suitable hlm-forming electrolytes. n
The object of my invention is to provide active conducting members for electrolytic cells of the above-indicated character which shall be composed wholly or in. part of titanium or of compounds of titanium.
Electrolytic cells 'of the kind to which my invention relates depend, for their operation, upon the property possessed by certain substances of acquiringasymmetric conducting/films when impressed with. electric potential in the presence of a vsuitable film-forming electrolyte. The metal most commonly employed. forthis purpose' is aluminum but the same roperty of -forming as etric conducting lms is possessed by other metalsv and also by certain non-metallic substances.
I have discovered that metallic titanium is well suited for use as the active mater1al in electrolytic cells of the above-indicated character, because of its ability to Aforml asymmetric conducting lms and also because its superficial ilm possesses very high speciiic inductive capacitance and is thin enough to have a high capacitance per unit area.
The single figure of the accompanyingI drawing illustrates a conventional type of electrolytic cell that may be constructed in accordance with my invention. In view of the well known manner ofvconstructing the various parts of an electrolytic c el1, "it is unnecessary to give a' detailed description of such a constructionand theelectrol e employed may be any suitable lmorming electrolyte, as indicated by the legend on the drawing. The electrodes may be formed of titanium or. Aa titanium compound as an oxid, as indicated on the drawing and more fully described hereinafter.
Emc'rnoLYTIc onu..
sp'eoinmitn of Letters raten. Patented J une 2951.920. Application nea February s isi?.- serial Titanium has not, until recently, been prepared in pure metallic form, the materials which 'have heretofore beenadescribed as titanium bein -fvery impure and consisting largely of car id and oxid JIt is now possible, however, to produce substantially pure titanium by Such as rutile or ilmenite from titanium compounds such as the tetrachlorid or from ferro-titanium, the metal being reduced `either by means of alkali metals or-by electrolysis. My present invention, so far as it relates to metallic titanimm, is concerned withC the pure or substantially pure metal, as distinguished from titanium containing lar e amounts of impurities.
reduction of titaniferous ores,
itanium plates for electrolytic condensu ers, lightning arresters and similar cells may be providedwith conducting films by means .l
of any usual or desired lilmforniing electrolyte and may be treated and operated in the same manner as ordinary aluminum -plates. Such treatment may, for example, include pickling -with acid andv heat treatment in order to improve the characteristics of the metal.
Plates having desirable characteristics may also be made from certain compounds of titanium, such as titanium dioxid, in the v `form of` natural rutile, or iron-titanium oizid inthe form of ilmenite. Since it is dilicult to obtain masses of these substances of the proper size and shape for use vas the active members of, electrolytic cells, the
oxids may be applied in linely divided form to the surfaces of supporting plates or other materials such as aluminum.
I have found that the titanium ilni has a specific inductive capacitance many times v :render the titanium plates muchv better in service than aluminum plates.
Y It is to be understood that my present invention is not restricted to -plates of any particular form or size or to" any particular kind 4of service, since plates of titanium and titanium oxids may be used in electrolytic cells under all circumstances Where aluminum plates have heretofore been employed. If desired, the entire plate need not be composed of titanium, but may consist of aluminum, iron or other conducting material prof vided with a, surface coating of titanium, the plates, in such cases, operating substantially as if the entire plate consisted of titanium. In view of the 'widevariety of applications to which my invention is adapted, it is to be understood that no limitations are to be imposed thereon except such as are indicated in the appended claims.
I claim as my invention:
1. A film-forming conductor for electrolytic cells composed of metallic titanium.
2. A lm-formin conductor for electrolytic cells adapted or immersion in an electrolyte and having its surface exposed to the electroylyte composed of metallic titanium.
3. -An electrolytic cell comprising a (plurality of conducting electrodes adapte to ccperate with an electrolyte and at least one of which is composed of metallic titanium.-
4. An electrolytic cell comprising a plu-r 6. A film-forming conductor for electro` lytic cells embodying titanium and provided with an asymmetric film.
7 A film-formin conductor for electrolytic cells adapted or immersion in an electrolyte and having a surface embodying titanium exposed-to the electrolyte.
8. An electrolytic cell comprising a.plu
rality of plates adapted'for immerslon 1n an electrolyte and embodying titanium.
9. An electrolytic cell comprising a plurality of conducting. electrodes adapted for immersion in an electrolyte and having surfaces exposed tothe electrolyte that are covered with' an asymmetric film embodying titanium.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 19th day of J anuary, 1917.
LEJWIS W. CHUBB.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US146443A US1344752A (en) | 1917-02-03 | 1917-02-03 | Electrolytic cell |
| US281143A US1344753A (en) | 1917-02-03 | 1919-03-07 | Electrolytic cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US146443A US1344752A (en) | 1917-02-03 | 1917-02-03 | Electrolytic cell |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1344752A true US1344752A (en) | 1920-06-29 |
Family
ID=22517377
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US146443A Expired - Lifetime US1344752A (en) | 1917-02-03 | 1917-02-03 | Electrolytic cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1344752A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2504178A (en) * | 1947-04-28 | 1950-04-18 | Sprague Electric Co | Electrical condenser |
| DE1101618B (en) * | 1953-10-02 | 1961-03-09 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Method for manufacturing an electrolytic capacitor with a titanium anode |
| DE1121733B (en) * | 1956-07-23 | 1962-01-11 | Siemens Ag | Process for the production of a titanium electrode for electrolytic capacitors |
| DE10216614A1 (en) * | 2002-04-15 | 2003-10-30 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Production of a thin dielectric layer on a conducting substrate used in the semiconductor industry comprises applying a thin dielectric layer on the substrate, placing in an electrochemical cell, and applying an electrical potential |
-
1917
- 1917-02-03 US US146443A patent/US1344752A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2504178A (en) * | 1947-04-28 | 1950-04-18 | Sprague Electric Co | Electrical condenser |
| DE1101618B (en) * | 1953-10-02 | 1961-03-09 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Method for manufacturing an electrolytic capacitor with a titanium anode |
| DE1121733B (en) * | 1956-07-23 | 1962-01-11 | Siemens Ag | Process for the production of a titanium electrode for electrolytic capacitors |
| DE10216614A1 (en) * | 2002-04-15 | 2003-10-30 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Production of a thin dielectric layer on a conducting substrate used in the semiconductor industry comprises applying a thin dielectric layer on the substrate, placing in an electrochemical cell, and applying an electrical potential |
| US20030224584A1 (en) * | 2002-04-15 | 2003-12-04 | Thomas Hecht | Method and configuration for reinforcement of a dielectric layer at defects by self-aligning and self-limiting electrochemical conversion of a substrate material |
| DE10216614B4 (en) * | 2002-04-15 | 2004-06-17 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Method for reinforcing a dielectric layer on a semiconductor substrate at defects and arrangement with a reinforced dielectric layer |
| US7176514B2 (en) | 2002-04-15 | 2007-02-13 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Method and configuration for reinforcement of a dielectric layer at defects by self-aligning and self-limiting electrochemical conversion of a substrate material |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US2923866A (en) | Electrolytic condenser | |
| JPS6086814A (en) | Method of producing cathode for electrolytic condenser | |
| KR850005739A (en) | Electrochemical cell | |
| US1344752A (en) | Electrolytic cell | |
| US2221596A (en) | Method of manufacturing dry rectifiers | |
| Kuznetsov | Influence of the second coordination sphere on the roughness of niobium and tantalum coatings obtained in chloride-fluoride melts | |
| KR850006552A (en) | Electrolytic electrode and manufacturing process | |
| KR900008315A (en) | Counter Electrodes for Electrochrome Systems | |
| DE2113676A1 (en) | Electrode for electrochemical processes | |
| US6816357B2 (en) | Solid electrolytic capacitor and a fabrication method therefor | |
| JP6932777B2 (en) | An electrical insulator whose main component is alumina ceramic, a method for manufacturing the insulator, and a vacuum tube containing the insulator. | |
| US2103267A (en) | Alloy for vacuum tube elements | |
| US3126503A (en) | Electrical capacitor and electrode | |
| US1433017A (en) | Electrode | |
| US3256468A (en) | Electrode for electrical capacitors and method of making the same | |
| JPH0291918A (en) | Electrode material for electrolytic capacitor | |
| JP7006481B2 (en) | Fuel cell separator | |
| JPS5825076A (en) | Airtight negative terminal inserting member and electrochemical generator using same membr | |
| US3321677A (en) | Electrolytic capacitor having electrode containing niobium-zirconium-titanium | |
| US2014169A (en) | Filming metal for condensers | |
| US3299326A (en) | Solid electrolytic capacitor with porous sintered electrode of thermally pretreated anodizable metal particles | |
| US1397008A (en) | Method of preparing finely-divided metals | |
| US3200279A (en) | Electroluminescent element employing chrome iron plates | |
| Ghosh et al. | Electrochemical Investigation of Cathodic Deposition of Mo Coating from Oxofluoride Molten Salt and Characterization | |
| JPS5923404B2 (en) | Corrosion-resistant transparent conductive film formation method |