US1336545A - Loom - Google Patents

Description

R. G. TURNER.

LOOM.

APPLICATION FILED IIIIIE I2. IsII. BENI-:wan SEPT. 4, I9I9.

1 ,336,545, Patented Apr. 13, 1920.

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" Il lI I' Im/eI//I', Richard GreenleafTuM/le R. G. TURNER.

LOOM. APPLICATION FILD JUNE F2, {911} RENEWED SEPT. 4,1919. 1,336,545, Patented Apr. 13, 1920.

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1 tures to be essential, the first UNTTED sTATEs PATENT oEEIoE.

RICHARD GREENLEAF TURNER, MALDEN, MASSACHUSETTS.

LOOM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 13, 1920.

Application mea .nine 12, 1917, seran No. 174,233. Renewed september 4, 1919; serial No; 321,980.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known. that I, RICHARD GREENLEAF' TURNER, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the cityof Malden, in thc count of Middlesex and Commonwealth assachustts, have inventedl certain new and useful Improvements in Looms, of

which the following is a full, clear, and

exact specification.

)The lobjectfof this invention is the con'- struction of a loom wherein the weft or filling is not carried 'on a spool yin the shuttle, but is fed continuously from van external supply, whereby the machine vcan be maintained in uninterrupted action, and a single attendant can look after a considerable number of separate looms.

In carrying, y invention into effect, I feed the weft thread verticallyinto-the .mid-width of the shed, passing it through an eye inthe shuttle to the selvage of the fabric being woven, the shuttle being actuated in the customary manner, thus mak- In rendering the process of thus feeding the weft commercially practical, I find two main feaconsisting in providing the warp with harness frames, each one controllingone fraction of the warp threads. Y l

' The second important feature comprises means for lookin the weft threads at the edges of the growing fabric, and thus forming a selvage thereat.

Another important element consists in the substitution of a comb for the usual reed as the means for beating the weft up to the web, such comb being necessary inforder to permit the passage of the weft thread from the -supply point ,within the. shed lto the shuttle.

Referring to the drawings forming part 'of this specification, Figure 1 is a yperspec- Fig. 4 is a plan view of the loom on aA smaller scale, but with the beater comb .removed. Fig. 5 is a sectional side elevation of the same, but showing the beater comb 1n Y""place. Fig.V 6 is a sectional elevation of the weft-feeding means. Fig 7 is a side view of one of the selvage formmg devices.

Fig. 8 is a plan view of parts of the loom showing the selvage forming devices connected therewith.l

As shown in Fig. 1,.the weftthread 1 1s received from a lsuitable source, as a spool 2, and delivered to the upper end of a vertical tube.3 at whose lower end is a slender tubular elbow 4. This tube .and elbow are given an oscillation which may be 90, more or less, as by means of. a segment 5 and a rack 6, the latter being reciprocated synchronously with motion of the shuttle 12, the elbow or arm 4 being preferably always pointed toward the shuttle,

even' while the latter is in motion. The

means for such reciprocationI may be 'a bell crank lever 7 pivotally supported at 9, and connected at its upper end'y with the rack 6, and at its other arm by a link 10 to any suitable moving part of the machine.

At each side of the shed is a shuttle box 11 and a picker stick 13, each box having slots 15 to prevent interference with the weft thread 1 lpassing through an eye 14 in the shuttle. To deliver the weft thread to the tube 3 with suicient freedom, I provide a uniformly rotated disk or table 17 'immediately above the 'level of the tubes' accumulates upon the surface of the revolving disk or table 17 to be readily given to the shuttle. By having the 'table revolve, the thread descending thereon from the feed rolls is laid around in a circle on the table instead of accumulating in a mass liable to snarl. l f Theoperation of the loom, aside from the selvage-former hereinafter to be described, is as follows: V V- The warp threads 21 extending for one half the width of the reed are run through the heddles 22 supported by the harness yframe 23, as shown in Fig. 1; the warp threads 24 of substantially equal width are run through the heddles 25 carried 'by the harness frame 26; one half of the war threads 27 are run throughheddles 29 carried by the harness frame 30, and the other half of the warp threads 27 are run through heddles (not here shown) carried by the harness 317; all the warp being. drawn over the breast-beam 32 and fastened to the cloth beam 33 in the usual manner.

Simultaneously with the blow of a picker 'stick 13, or slightly preceding it, by which tion.

While the beating is being thus performed, and while the arm 4 is in its illustrated position, the harness frame's 26 and 31 reverse their relative positions to lower the warp 24 and elevate the corresponding half of the warp 27. Then the shuttle is thrown to the opposite box; the beater comb advances and retires; the harness frames 23 and 30 reverse, since the arm 4 had moved with the shuttle; the shuttle and arm return; the beater comb advances and returns; the frame's 26 and 31 reverse, and so the operation continues.

In the drawings, the Warp threads are represented as extending past the arm 4 in perfectly straight lines. As a matter of fact the vertical portion of the tubular arm 4 will temporarily spread the nearest threads slightly apart in the upper shed, but as soon as theV same threads have descended to the y lower shed, they come together again and lthreads are liable to raVel out when the fabric is in use, should the process, as thus far described, not be succeeded by some means for formlng a proper selvage edge` thereon. The selvage forming means whichl I prefer to employ is illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8, and consists essentially of a singlethread sewing machine adapted to engage the weft thread just outside the warp just before or while the shuttle is making its retreat therefrom, at both sides of the shed. g

The type of sewing machine used at each side of the forming fabric is illustrated in Fig. 7 where it will be seen that theneedle bar 40, which is vertically reciprocated in a well known manner, is carried in a swinging frame 41 supported by a main frame 42. The needle bar is oset and carries the needle 43 at the outer extremity of the offset or arm 44. Coacting with the needle is a looper 45 suitably turned by means of bevel gears 4G and 47, and a vertical shaft 49 which serves the added function of a pivotal axis for the swinging frame.

Each swinging frame 41 is provided with an arln 50 against which a spring 51 acts to normally retain the needle 43 just outside the outermost warp thread at its side; but as the beater comb 34 approaches to press the newly laid weft thread tightly against the fabric, the lingers 52 carried by the beater frame `strike said arms 50 and swing the needle bars and needles outward where they will not be struck by the comb. The instant the beater frame recedes, the needles return to their normal positions, and the needle, at the `side from which the shuttle is departing, at once descends into the weftbend just made, and, with the aid of the looper 53, stitches this weft-bend to those already similarly treated, the two stitchers operating alternately immediately afterthe shuttle leaves the side of the one operating.

I prefer to provide each stitcher with a plate or table 53, a part of which comes beneath the fabric, and a part beneath but to the youter side of the warp, a suitable opening being formedtherein for thepassage of the needle. I also prefer to form the needle 43 with-a slight terminal bend 55 designed for helping to press the weft thread into the growing fabric as the needle descends and stitches it to thepreceding bend.

With all the weft-bends at each edge of the fabric irmlystitched together, the outermost warp threads are held thereby in place and there can be no unraveling of the cloth.

The depressed edge of each plate or table 53 may rest in a rabbet 54 of a plate 56 supportedby the shuttle box 11 thereat.

To keep the heddles in proper position on the harness,kI prefer to provide a reed 35 of well-known type in front of the harness frames but behind the feed tube 3, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5. v

Fig. 3 shows the shuttle 12 to be pentagonal in cross section, with its eye` 14 near its under face in order to insure Aagainst the wefts striking the comb 34; while its face 36 is made to be parallel with the normally located edges of the comb-teeth in order to reduce both wear and friction.

With a loom thus constructed, fabrics can be woven at a greatly reduced expense, especially fabrics such'a's burlaps whose' coarse weft will permit of but a scanty length thereof being carriedat a time upon the shuttle-spool of the ordinary frame.

With my loom, onthe other hand, each loom can be supplied with a weft thread a mile in length or more, andthe machine can'be run without stop' or attention for hours at a time, enabling a single attendant to look lafter several looms and to give no thought to any until the well-known brokenthread alarmadvises him of the break of athread or of the end of either warp or weft.

While I have thus far tried my loom only in the production of toweling and like coarser forms of fabrics, I do not restrict myself thereto, although I now consider it the main field of my loom.

y weft thread through said eye to' the fabric -being woven, and a beater comb reaching through the upper half of the shed only, when at rest.

3. A loom comprising harness frames 'carrying warp threads, a shuttle having an eye adapted to be thrown through the shed, and means vertically entering the shed midway of its width for delivering a weft thread through said eye to the fabric being woven.

4. A loom comprising harness frames carrying warp threads, a'shuttle having an eye adapted to be thrown through the shed, and a vertical tube descending into the shed at a point intermediate of its width through which a weft thread is delivered to said eye and thence to the fabric being woven. I

5. A loom comprising harness frames l each carrying warp threads for a fraction of its width, a shuttle having an eye adapted' to be thrown through the shed, and a vertical tube descending into the shed at an intermediate point, said tube being provided with a Itubular elbow, through whichtube and elbow aweft thread is delivered to said eye and thence to the fabric being woven,

said elbow -being adapted to be oscillated from side to side, two only of the harness frames being adapted to 'be reversed at a time, and such reversal to occur when said elbow has been swung away therefrom,

v 6. A loom comprising four harness frames each carryingwarp threads for onehalf its width, a shuttle having an eye adapted to be thrown through the shed, and

a vertical turbe descending into the shed at an intermediate point, :said tube having a rigidly connected member extending horizontally within the shed provided with a laterally'elongated eye at its outer end, whereby a weft thread is delivered through said tube and elongated eye to the eye of the shuttle and thence to the fabric being woven, two only of the harness frames being adapted to be reversed at a time and then only when said horizontal member is swung away therefrom.

7. A loom comprising harness frames carrying warp threads, a shuttle having a transverse eye through it at its midlength, means entering the shed at a point intermediate of its' width for delivering a weft thread to said eye and thence to `the fabric being woven, and shuttle boxes each having slots for the free passage of the portions of the weft thread at the sides of the shuttle.

8. A loom comprising harness frames carrying warp threads, a shuttle adapted to be thrown through the shed, the shuttle having a transverse eye, means entering the shed at a point intern'xediate of its width for delivering a weft thread through said eye to theV fabric being woven, anduneans for stitching the weft-bends together to form a selvage edge.

9. A loom comprising harness frames carrying warp threads, a shuttle adapted to be thrown through the shed, the shuttle having a transverse eye, means entering the shed at a point intermediate of its width for delivering a weft thread through said eye to the fabric being woven, and a needle and looper at each edge of the fabric adapted for stitching the weft-bends in place thereat.

10. A loom comprising harness frames carrying warp' threads, a shuttle adapted to be thrown through the shed, the shuttle having a transverse eyefuneans entering the shed at a point intermediate of its width for delivering a weft thread through said eye tothe fabric being woven, a beater comb,

and a. needle and looper at each edge of the fabric adapted for stitching the weft-bends in. place thereat, and means for moving-.the needle and shuttle at each edge of the fabric away therefrom as the beater approaches the same.

1l. A loom comprising harness frames carrying warp threads, a shuttle having an eye adapted to be thrown through the shed, means entering the shed at a point intermediate of its width for delivering a weft thread through said eye to the fabric being woven, a 'needle andflooper at each edge of the fabric adapted for stitching the weftbends in place, a swinging frame carrying each needle and-looper, resilient means norinvention, I have hereunto set my hand this1 6th day of June, 1917.

t RICHARD GREENLEAF TURNER.

`mally retaining each swlnging frame in i

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