US1333509A

US1333509A - Means for regulating hydraulic turbines

Info

Publication number: US1333509A
Application number: US352563A
Authority: US
Inventors: Seewer Paul Werner
Original assignee: English Electric Co Ltd
Current assignee: English Electric Co Ltd
Priority date: 1920-01-19
Filing date: 1920-01-19
Publication date: 1920-03-09
Anticipated expiration: 1937-03-09

Description

P. w. SEEWER. MEANS FOR REGULATING HYDRAULIC TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED JAN-19, 1920.

1,333 ,509. Patented Mar. 9, 1920.

. E Q I77, v 2 snmsqnsar I. a y x P. w. SE EWER. MEANS FOR REGULATING HYDRAULIC TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 19. I920.

1,333,509. Q Q7 Patented Mar. 9, 1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

I I I nuewz' N Raul WSeewez:

Q wMTM.

:The said pate t nozzle and means fQ iW f B YE QS EWEMQF.qeiii f W i a mueie s euearo THE amuse seesaw sets Emma: PN Q Enema- EANS ron. nneunn'rme HYDRAULIC Terminus.

To all whom it may concern: I ,Be. itknown that; I, PAUL ,WERNERSEE- EIR, a citizen of he ,Swiss Confederation, residing at Geneva,Switzerland,g'h ave invented; certain new. and useful Improvements inMeans for Regulating Hydraulic Turbines, of which the following is a speci- "This invention is for improvements in or relating to bines and provides improved apparatus of the same general character as is illustrated in my: UnitedQStatesv Patent No. 1282470;

describes means whereby, in a;;free jet hydraulic turbine,

its force and avoiding the impartation of venergy to the turbine wheel, without cutting ofi the flow of water. This spreading out of the jet may be caused to take place very rapidly by the governor mechanism of the turbine and subsequently the water may be cut-oflt' by suitable means such as a needle'valve at so slow a rate that no injuriouspressure efiiects are produced in, the

water supply system.

. By. the present invention, in hydraulic free jetturbinesthere is combined with the to cause the jet to diverge,

1 a shield interposed between the nozzle and 1 the turbine wheel to catch the spray of a thewhole of the water: issuing fromthe jet when this is dispersed in the This distance 1s in general divergent jet of water and dir ectflit ;away

frornithe wheel, but provided with an aperture topermit the passage of aclosed et.

As the degree of the dispersion of the'jet is relatedtothe size of the jet opening 1n the nozzle a certain distance must be observed between the nozzle and the shield soithat it may catch andjdiv'ert substantially orm of a cone. smaller than that necessitated by the means commonly employed for 1 tercepting and diverting closed, that 'is undispersed jets. Thedistance between the nozzleand the shield can be; further reduced by making-the aperture in the? shield variab'le withathe size of .the

jet and as smalljas ls p'racticable ion-the passage of the jet. a a I fAccording 1 to this invention when a needle-valve or the like "JS'PIOYiIdGd control- ;lingrthefnozzl th s ieldihevemee specification of liie tters Patent.

the regulationjof hydraulic turthe jet may 1 be caused to diverge into conical form when so required, for the purpose of dissipating Referring to .Fig. formed in the end of'a curved 'waterinlet {How of theoil.

D a byiit C is connected with the oil supply; while" need e valv :i n que.

rea ed-Ma 9, 12

Application filed January 19, 920. Serial No. 352,563.-

such as sliding plates tovary-the size of the aperture of a-jet, such means being. interconnected with the operating means for 'the needle-valve, so that as the jet is reduced in size the aperture in the shield through which it' passes is reduced also.

; .,The embodiment' ofthe. invention illustrated-in the accompanying drawings will nowv be vdescribed in detail.

\Innthe drawings- Figure 1 illustrates one construction by a vertical sectional view through the nozzle and governor mechanism, the latterbeing only diagrammatically" indicated; 7 r Fig. 2 illustrates in side elevation asecond constructionwith a variable aperture for the shield; i I Figs; 3 and 4 are details showing the dispersing the jet, and I Fig. 5Jis a detail section of the shield shown in Fig.2. 3

a pipe casting A provided with a cylindrical guide 1A for an axially disposed needle The needle 'valveB has a long hollow tubular stern .B working in the guides A and extending through, the casting .A into anoperatmg cylinder C. 1A piston 13 secured to'the stern B works in this cylinder and is operated byoil pressure j ,Qilis i'distributed to these pipes by a piston valve ,1) connected to a control lever; N of agov- 'ernor N. Oil is admitted to supplied through the pipes 13 ,11)?

the} distribution valve'charnberD by a port ,.l {and when the valve D is lifted by the governor owing to a rise in speed of'theturbine; the

"oil passes to the plpe D and thence to the back end of thecylinder C and operates the needle valve ]3 to'close ,the' nozzle A ,Tlfhis operation is caused to as may be desired by a regulatingivalve, D

take place j as slowly -in--the pipe Dfi'whi hrestricts; the rate of the valve D 1 descends, the pipe the front n vof-f ylind turbine fall p st B 'ee re pond e a fly i at, P0"

1 the nozzle A is- Should thejspeed Qfjthe,

method of operation ofthe guide vanes for To this end the trunnions E are extended inwardly through slots 13 in the hollow stemof the needle valve and the spindles of the guide vanes carryshort levers E These levers E F which slides are operated by a control rod within the needle valve stem and is provided, adjacent to the levers, with inclined slots F Blocks E carried on the endsiof the levers slidein the slots and thus vanes are deflected. The control rod with a; piston F C? serves "to press the piston rearwardly, while, oil is supplied underpressure through and with itthe control rod F normally forward against the spring and hold the guide whenthe control rod F is caused to slide "backward away from the nozzle the guide an operating cylinder G and is provided working therein. A spring a pipe G toforce the piston F vanes E in their ,straight, that is uninclined position.

V by a second piston valve H whichis pressed *down'into its normal or bottom position by a spring H lowed out to forma dash-pot or'cataract' provided with a piston H ,piston rod H extending outside the The oil supply to the pipe G is controlled The piston valve H is holiegulating screw H. The piston rod H is jointed to the control lever N of the gov ernorf N."

The screw H extends to the bottom of the perforation in the rod' H and controls the lateral portsopening into the space above {the pistonfH but this arrangement is ,.shown in any "p ior Patent No. 1,282,470, hereinbefore referred to; V a t "on the front offthenoz'zle A there is supported a deflecting shield ollow casting, the front of which forms an size' offthe jet to" permitjthe passage of the sainef Ajlarge opening K is provided inthe Side; of; theicast'ing K for the outflow f .un' r V emper the tf'is intoithe and thus whenithe pis- V .-idly', the spring H by means of cataract mecha- 1n the guide'oastingA The guide vanes lie normally ina plane passing through the axis ofthe'nozzle that'is parallel to the normal axial flow of the water. They can however be inclined to their normal plane when desired, to impart a whirling motion to the waterand thus cause the jet to spread out.

. H slowly once more into its lowermost posi- F extends rearwardly into 7 ifthe load should increase ca'usingthe govvalve chamber, and v B? valve D and the associated parts K in the form of form of a spray. This water therefore flows away directly into the discharge tunnel of the turbine without touching .the. wheel.

In operation upon lalsudden decrease of load on the turbine'the governor rises mp v draws-up the piston valve H against n sm comprising the piston rod andpiston H H "Oil pressure is therefore'released from behind the piston F and the 'bar F moves over immediately under the influence of the spring 0 and deflects the guide vanes V E and disperses the jetof waterinto a spray thus preventing any ra id: rise of speed on the part of the turbine before the water' is out ofi'l The piston valve D israised at the same time as piston valve H so that the needle valve B also moves over but more slowly owing to the retarding effect of the regulating valve Di, and cuts off the water. WVhile this is takingplace the oilin the cataract' within the piston valve H has time to leak through the adjusting valve H and the spring I-I therefore depresses the valve tion. The guide vanes are therefore returned to thestraight or normal position and the jet, now reduced in quantity, becomes solid once more. Should the load decrease only slowly the cataract within the piston valve H permits the governor N to rise' without a moving the valve Hand thus; the guide vanesare not operated, although the operation of the needlevalve 1s unafl ected. Also ernor to fall the guide. vanesare not oper ated. Should however the 011 pressure fall which might cause a dangerous rise in speed of the turbine the spring C will operate theguide vanes todispersethe jet of water and stop themachine. If for any I otherreason a dangerous rise in speed occurs, the valve H will be lifted positively by the piston H? onthisieaching the limit of its travel within the dashpot and thus the 1 guide vanes will be operated as before described. w 7 p i It will be seen that the cylinder 0, piston constitute a fluid-pressure relay for o erating the needle valve B. The cylinder piston F L and valve Hf constitute a second-fluid-pres sure relay for operatingthe guide yanes E. c The bell-crank lever N F and rod-N constitute a differential link-work of :known type for correlating the 'movementsjofjthe needle valvewith thoseofthe governor;

I Referring to Fig. 2 the general construe lying acrossthe path of ,the' jet of water and provided with-an openslightly larger than the r'naxirnum tion of the nozzle and governor mechanism is similar to that in Fig. 1 but the deflecting v "*can slide-up and down i111 a direction parallel 1'30 to the bafile plate K and are provided with lugs L which pass through slots in the side of the deflector K. The lugs L engage with slots M M in a rocking plate M, pivoted on the side of the deflector K. The rocking plate M is connected by a rod M to a lug N* formed on the upper end of the hereinbefore described lever I The direction and disposition of the slots M M inrocking plate M is such that, as the needle valve B moves forward to close the nozzle A and in so doing rocks the lever N the plates L, L are caused to slide nearer. together. The lips L L* of these two plates are formed more or less to inclose the jet and it will be seen that as the jet is reduced in size, they move closer together, so that they are always as close to the jet as is practicablewithout touching it. Thus, upon the guide vanes operating, to disperse the jet, very little ofthe water will find its Way through the aperture K on to the bucket.

lVhat I claim as myinvention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In hydraulic free-jet turbines the com bination of a turbine wheel, a water-nozzle for directing a jet of water thereon, a needle valve for regulating the normal flow of 7 water, means independent of the needle valve for regulating the nozzle which act by causing the jet to diverge, and a shield interposed between the turbine wheel and the nozzle to catch the water of a divergent jet and direct it away from the wheel, but provided with an aperture to permit the passage of a closed jet.

2. In hydraulic free-jet turbines the c0mbination of a turbine wheel, a water-nozzle for directing a jet of water thereon, regulat- 'ing means for the nozzle comprising a needle-valve and means to cause the jet to diverge, a shield mterposed between the turbine wheel and the nozzle to catch the Water of a divergent jet and direct it, away from the wheel, but provided with an aperture to permit the passage of a closed jet and means to vary the size of the said aperture operatively connected with the said needle valve.

3. In hydraulic-free-jet turbines the combination of a turbine wheel, a water-nozzle for directing a jet of water thereon, regulating means for the nozzle comprising a needle-valve operated by a fluid-pressure relay and means independent of the needle valve for causing the jet to diverge operated by a second fluid-pressure relay, a governor for controlllng both the sa1d fluid-pressure relays, a differential link-work for correlating the movements of the needle-valve with those of the governor, and a shield interposed between the turbine wheel and the nozzle to catch the water of a divergent jet and divert it away from the wheel, but providedwith an aperture to permit the passage of a closed jet. g

.4. In hydraulic free-jet turbines the com bination-of a turbine wheel, a water-nozzle for directing a jet of Water thereon, regulating means for the nozzle comprising a needlevalve operated by a fluid-pressure relay and means to cause the jet to diverge operated by a second fluid-pressure relay, a governor for controlling both the said fluid-pressure relays, a differential link-work for correlating the movements of the needle-valve with those of the governor, a shield interposed between the turbine wheel and the nozzle to catch the Water of a divergent jet and direct it away from the wheel, but provided with an aperture to permit the passage of a closed jet and means to vary the size of the said aperture operatively'connected with the said needle-valve.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature. I I

PAUL WERNER. SEEWER.