US132675A - Improvement in processes for annealing and hardening metals - Google Patents
Improvement in processes for annealing and hardening metals Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US132675A US132675A US132675DA US132675A US 132675 A US132675 A US 132675A US 132675D A US132675D A US 132675DA US 132675 A US132675 A US 132675A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- annealing
- improvement
- metals
- processes
- box
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 18
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title description 16
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 title description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 240000003936 Plumbago auriculata Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000000280 Theobroma cacao Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005764 cacao Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005767 cacao Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000001046 cacaotero Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 where Chemical class 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
Definitions
- finchbororvcssel' may be made of iron or other metals or composition of metals, or of fire-clay, plumbago, or other suitable material. I then exhaust the air as perfectly as possible from such box or receptacle by the use of an air-pump, or by other suitable means of producing a vacuum.
- the box or other receptacle with its contents, by heat applied externally, is raised to the desired temperature, after which it is allowed to cool gradually, as in the ordinary process of .annealing.
- the box can then be opened and the contents removed, fully annealed, and free from all trace of oxidation, except such, if any, as they may have had before being iuclosed in the box.
- the process of hardening the operation is the same, except that after the box and contents have been raised to the desired temperature the latter are suddenly discharged into the water or oil or other fluid by which the process is tobe completed.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
Description
. 301m N. IIAUTH, or rrrrsnonarnnnsrmvnmn, nssienon'ro HIMsELF' AND ennrr, BENNETT & 00., or SAME rLAoE.
P IMPROVEMENT lN PROCESSES FOR ANNEALING AND HARDENING METALS.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 1392,6535, dated October 29, 1872.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, Join: N. LAUTH, of Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Annealing and Hardening Metals; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact de-.
scription thereof.
One of the chief difficulties experienced in the annealing of metals, particularly where,
' as in imitation Russia sheet-iron, a fine polish or finish is desired, arises from the presence in the annealing-box of more or less air, which, acting on the metal, results in oxidation. The same trouble exists in the hardening of metals,
- particularly dies for stamping coin or other A hard substances where great perfeotness of die-face is required. I have found that such oxidation may be wholly prevented in annealing by heating and cooling in cacao, and in I necessary to use. finchbororvcssel' may be made of iron or other metals or composition of metals, or of fire-clay, plumbago, or other suitable material. I then exhaust the air as perfectly as possible from such box or receptacle by the use of an air-pump, or by other suitable means of producing a vacuum. The box or other receptacle with its contents, by heat applied externally, is raised to the desired temperature, after which it is allowed to cool gradually, as in the ordinary process of .annealing. The box can then be opened and the contents removed, fully annealed, and free from all trace of oxidation, except such, if any, as they may have had before being iuclosed in the box. In the process of hardening the operation is the same, except that after the box and contents have been raised to the desired temperature the latter are suddenly discharged into the water or oil or other fluid by which the process is tobe completed.
However, I find it better in this operation to employ a long box, somewhat like a pipe with closed ends, and for most purposes apipe will answer; The dies or other articles to be hardened are placed in one end, the box is hermetically closed, and the end containing the articles is inserted in the fire or furnace, the operator holding or manipulating it bythe other end. When the box and contents have been raised to the required temperature, the outer or unheated end may be placed in close proximity to'the water or oil or other fluid, the end of the box removed and the heated contents sufi'ered to fall directly into the flui so quickly that they will not be subject to e. oxidizing influence of the air long enough to be in- 1 juriously affected.
What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-
As an improvement in the art of hardening and annealing metals, subjecting the same, when free from atmospheric iufluence,to,the heating or heating and cooling operations, substantially as set forth.
In testimony whereof I, the said J DIIN N. LAUTH, have hereunto set my hand. 7
JOHN N. LAUTH,
lVitnesses:
- A. S. NIoHoLsON, JAMES I. KAY.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US132675A true US132675A (en) | 1872-10-29 |
Family
ID=2202092
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US132675D Expired - Lifetime US132675A (en) | Improvement in processes for annealing and hardening metals |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US132675A (en) |
-
0
- US US132675D patent/US132675A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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