US1322298A - Thomas r - Google Patents
Thomas r Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1322298A US1322298A US1322298DA US1322298A US 1322298 A US1322298 A US 1322298A US 1322298D A US1322298D A US 1322298DA US 1322298 A US1322298 A US 1322298A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- shells
- steel
- product
- carbon content
- charred
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 28
- 244000068645 Carya illinoensis Species 0.000 description 20
- 235000009025 Carya illinoensis Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000014571 nuts Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004301 light adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/60—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
- C23C8/62—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes only one element being applied
- C23C8/64—Carburising
- C23C8/66—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
Definitions
- Our invention relates to anew product for use in connection with the increase of the carbon content of steel or iron, and a new process for increasing such carbon content.
- pecan shells is charred nut shells- We find that pecan shells, walnut shells, or other shells having similar characteristics will, when suitably charred, produce the desired carbonizing effects. We will describe specifically the use of pecan shells as one form of carrying out our invention.
- pecan shells When pecan shells are used to provide our product, we place the pecan shells in a suitable container and roast them over an ordinary fiame, shaking them in the meantime while the shells are thoroughly charred, having the appearance of charcoal.
- the shells may be ground up either before or after charring or roasting.
- the charring we believe, has the effect of driving off the moisture and oils which are normally present in the pecan shells so that after roasting these shells are thoroughly dry so as not to in juriously influence the carbonization of steel or iron.
- the improved product consists of these charred nut shells, specifically charred pecan shells.
- these charred pecan shells are packed tightly around the steel or other material which is to be carbonized and the whole is placed in a preferably sealed container and subjected to the influence of heat, which in a specific instance may be to the temperature of 1650 F. This heating is continued, but varies quite largely, depending upon the material acted upon, and it may be all the way from one hour to several days.
- the steel that is thus carbonized has additional carbon introduced into its pores, thus placing the material acted upon in such condition that it may be the more readily tempered or hardened.
- the principal ob ject is to increase the carbon content of the steel.
- pecan or other similar nut shells are so well adapted for the above use is due to the fact that during the process of carbonization the charred shells throw off gases which, permeating the pores of the steel, introduce the carbon therein.
- a product ingredient for increasing the carbon content of steel under the influence of heat consisting of charred pecan shells.
- a product ingredient for increasing the carbon content of steel under the influence of heat consisting of charred pecan shells which are substantially free from moisture 0r oils.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Adornments (AREA)
Description
THOMAS E. FERGUSON AND ELMER L. LARSQN, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNORS, BY ME$NE ASSIGNMENTS, TO ALFRED O. BLAICI-I COMPANY.
PRODUCT FOR CARBONIZING- STEEL.
No Drawing.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that we, THOMAS H. Fnncue soN and Emma L. LARSON, citizens of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Products for Carbonizing Steel, of which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exact description.
Our invention relates to anew product for use in connection with the increase of the carbon content of steel or iron, and a new process for increasing such carbon content.
In the arts it is highly desirable to have at hand a product which can be used the application of heat to increase the carbon content present in steel or iron. If, for instance, a low carbon steel be heated when surrounded by the product of our invention, we find that the steel takes on additional carbon, and this carbonization extends to a very material depth. In a specific case wherein we have used our product in connection with a half-inch rod, we find without carrying the heating to its limits, that carbon is introduced to a. depth of at least three-sixteenths of an inch.
Any process for increasing the carbon content is generally known in the arts as carbonization, pack hardening, cementation, or possibly by other terms. In the description herein and in the claims, we will use the words carbonizing or carbonization as intending; to mean the increase, broadly speaking, of the carbon content of steel or iron, intending this term. to include such others as those above mentioned and similar or equivalent processes.
It must be understood that one of the major uses of carbonizing consists in increasing the carbon content of low carbon steels. High carbon steels of course can be readily obtained in the market, but they do not lend themselves so readily to certain processes of manufacture or working. For this reason low carbon steels may be used which must, in order to have the required characteristics for subsequent use, have the carbon content of their periphery increased, the core or central portion preferably remaining as before with low carbon content to maintain ductility.
The product which we prefer to employ Specification of Letters Patent.
Application filed April 1, 1918.
Patented Nov. 18, 1919.
Serial No. 226,039.
is charred nut shells- We find that pecan shells, walnut shells, or other shells having similar characteristics will, when suitably charred, produce the desired carbonizing effects. We will describe specifically the use of pecan shells as one form of carrying out our invention.
When pecan shells are used to provide our product, we place the pecan shells in a suitable container and roast them over an ordinary fiame, shaking them in the meantime while the shells are thoroughly charred, having the appearance of charcoal. The shells may be ground up either before or after charring or roasting. The charring, we believe, has the effect of driving off the moisture and oils which are normally present in the pecan shells so that after roasting these shells are thoroughly dry so as not to in juriously influence the carbonization of steel or iron.
The improved product consists of these charred nut shells, specifically charred pecan shells. When these charred pecan shells, for instance, are used for carbonizing, they are packed tightly around the steel or other material which is to be carbonized and the whole is placed in a preferably sealed container and subjected to the influence of heat, which in a specific instance may be to the temperature of 1650 F. This heating is continued, but varies quite largely, depending upon the material acted upon, and it may be all the way from one hour to several days. The steel that is thus carbonized has additional carbon introduced into its pores, thus placing the material acted upon in such condition that it may be the more readily tempered or hardened. The principal ob ject, as before stated, is to increase the carbon content of the steel.
We believe that the reason why pecan or other similar nut shells are so well adapted for the above use is due to the fact that during the process of carbonization the charred shells throw off gases which, permeating the pores of the steel, introduce the carbon therein.
We have conducted extensive experiments and find that we are enabled by the use of the product herein disclosed to effect carbonization in a much shorter time than has hitherto been possible, and that we are enabled even in this shorter time to bring about a more enhanced carbonization or the steel.
It must be understood, naturally, that We do not mean to say that the carbonizing material which is to be used must consist in its entirety of our new product, as satisfactory results can be obtained by the use of our improved product as an ingredient with other products, as part of a mixture adequate for the purpose.
From what has been thus described, the nature of our invention will be readily clear to those skilled in the art, as will alsoits various modifications and adaptations.
Having however thus described one form which our invention may take, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. A product ingredient for increasing the carbon content of steel under the influence of heat consisting of charred pecan shells.
2. A product ingredient for increasing the carbon content of steel under the influence of heat consisting of charred pecan shells which are substantially free from moisture 0r oils.
In witness whereof, we hereunto subscribe our names this 28th day of March, A. D.,
THOMAS R. FERGUSON. ELMER L. LARSON.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1322298A true US1322298A (en) | 1919-11-18 |
Family
ID=3389757
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US1322298D Expired - Lifetime US1322298A (en) | Thomas r |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1322298A (en) |
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0
- US US1322298D patent/US1322298A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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