US1320671A - baumann - Google Patents

Description

K. BAUMANN.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.24, 1917.

l ,32@,671 Patented Nov. 4, 1919.

3 SHEETSSHEET I.

K. BAUMANN.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.24. 1917.

1 320,6? 1 9 Patented Nov. 4, 1919.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 2. 13 1 3 FigA Lama- 5 Patented Nov. 4, 1919.

8 SHEETSSHEET 3.

mmam

K. BAUMANN.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.24. I917.

Patented Nov. 4, 1919.

8 SHEETSSHEET 4.

INVENTOR fled/Q K. BAUMANN.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION EILED Aue.24, I917.

1,320,671 Patented NOV. 4, 1919.

8 SHEETSSHEET 5.

INVENTOR 7 VMV K. BAUMANN.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.24, m7.

Patented Nov. 4, 1919.

I ssuzms-susn a.

HNVENTOR K. BAUMANN.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FKILED AUG.24,'l917.

Patented Nov. 4, 1919.

8 SHEETSSHEET 8.

Fig 3%.

INVENTOR are preferably formed bi-Tiiifi ELECTRIC AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY LIMITED, A

UNDER THE LAWS OF GREAT BRITAIN.

COMPANY ORGANIZED STEAM-TUBBINE Application which the exhaust steam leaving one or more rows of moving blades is conducted to the exhaust outlet of the turbine or to the condenser or condensers.

It has already been proposed to provide the exhaust casing of a turbine with internal ide walls located in planes approximately parallel with the turbine shaft which divide the steam leaving the moving blades into segmental portions and deflect such portions of steam toward the exhaust outlet of the turbine.

The present invention has for its object to.

roved turbine exhaust casing provide an im esign, havlng lnternal gulde of comp act walls of the above kind so constructed and arranged that the steam is guided toward the exhaust outlet by easy paths in which short bends or sharp angles or pockets are avoided.

This object is accomplished, according to I this invention, by extending the aforesaid internal guide walls across from the outer to the inner circumference of the area from which the steam leaves a ring of moving blades so that the steam'is gradually deflected toward the exhaust outlet or outlets. The internal guide walls or some of them along the whole or a portion of their length to substantially involute curves, the base circle from which said curves are described being preferably of less diameter than the diameter of "the outer circumference of the ring of moving exhaust blades across which they extend, and occasionally'of less diameter than the inner circumference of said ring. Sometimes the involute curves to which difierent internal guide walls are formed are described from base circles of difierent diameter. a

In some cases additional guides or division walls are provided which sub-divide the sections into which the annulus representing Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. a, 1919.

filed August 24, 1917. Serial No. 187,963.

the area of a row of moving blades from which the steam passes to the exhaust is divided by said internal guide walls and assist in guiding the steam toward the exhaust outlet. Such additional guides or division walls extend in a direction which over a portion at least of their length is substantially transverse to the turbine axis, and in some cases spring from or intersect one or more internal guide walls, or extend between adjacent guide walls, and where they approach the moving exhaust blades may take various forms. For example, they may be shaped to segments concentric with the turbine shaft or they may terminate in lmes approximately normal to the rectilinear or curved portions of the internal. guide walls from which they spring or which they intersect or between which they extend.

In order that the invention may be clearly understood it will now be described with refemnce to the accompanying drawings which show by way of example some exhaust casings for steam turbines constructed in accordance therewith.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a central vertical longitudinal section, Fig. 2 a plan view of the lower half, Fig. 3 .a cross section on the line 'HI-HI of Fig. 1, Fig. 4 a bottom. plan view looking upward, and Fig. 5 a fragmentary cross section on the line VV of Fig. 3, of one form of exhaust casing constructed in agcordance with this invention' Fig. 6 is a new in isometrical projection on a somewhat larger scale of certain parts of the construction illustrated in Figs. 1 to 5.

Fig. 7 is a central, vertical. longitudinal section, Fig. 8 a half sectional view on the line VIII-VHI of Fig. 7 Fig. 9 a similar view on the line lX-IX of Fig. 7, illustrating the invention applied to a multiple exhaust turbine of the kind set forth in my application filed October 4, 1916, Serial No. 123.697. 7 v I Fig. 10 is a central. vertical. longitudinal section of the cyl'nders and exhaust casing of a turbine hav ng ahead and ast rn portions with a centrally located exhaust casing in accordance with this invention, especially suitable for marine propulsion. Fig. 11, as to its left-hand half is a cross section on the line X-X. and as to its right-hand half on the line XIXI of Fig. 10. Fig. 12 is a plan viewlooking from above and Fig.13

wardly the steam leaving the final row of moving blades 2. Internal guide walls 3, 3, 4, 4, occupying planes substantially parallel with the turblne shaft extend across from the outer to the inner circumference of the exhaust area of the moving blades 2. The upper portions of said guide walls 3, 3, 4, 4, are, as shown, formed to substantially involute curves, the base circle from which they are describedbeing smaller in diameter than the inner circumference of the row of moving exhaust blades 2. The internal guide walls 3, 3 are continued down to the exhaust outlet by webs 5, 5, extending across the lower part of the exhaust casing and serving theadditional purpose of strengthening sai casing so that the turbine may, if desired,

be supported from feet located at the ends only of. its exhaust casing, in the manner described in-my said application.

The exhaust casing may, in addition, advantageously be provided with a central web 6 also extending across the lower portion thereofnearthe exhaust outlet, whichwill further strengthen the exhaust casing. At the upper end opposite the exhaust outlet there is provided a V-shaped portion 7 which causes the steam leaving the uppermost moving blades 2 to divide and flow through the two halves of the upper portion of the,

exhaust casing 1. v

In addition to the internal guide walls 3, 3, 4,.4, additional guides or division walls are provided which subdivide the sections into which the exhaust blade area is divided by said internal. guide walls and assist in deflecting the steam leaving the moving blades 2 toward the. exhaust outlet. The number of suchadditional division walls employed and their location may be varied considerably, one arrangement which may advantageously be adopted being shown Figs, 1 1306, in which division walls 8, 8, 9, 9,- in the upper half of the exhaust casing where they approach the-moving blades 2, assumea radial direction and the exh-aus'toutlet occupying at their lower endsplanes transverse to that of the turbine shaft. The curves to which these division wallsare'formed are, it will be observed, substantially helicoidal inshape. The 'division walls 8,'8-spring from the internal guide walls 3, 3' and the walls 9, 9 intersect said internal guide walls as shown.

Figs. 1 to 6; the exhaust-- above. described walls are indicated in "from that point curve downward, as shown, toward I V Near-the horizontal-' joint of thelower'half of the exh walls 10, 10, 11, 11 the adjacent inner edges aust casing are further division of which unite with the internal guide walls .3, '3. The walls 10, 10 fall away in a, sharp curve toward the exhaust outlet as clearl shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 4, while the wal s 11, 11 are curved much more graduall so as to deflect the steam flowin above t em toward the rear part ofthe ex aust casing.

The lower half of the exhaust blade ar'eaor annulus ls-also provided with division walls 12,12, extendmg, as shown, between the internal guide walls 3,4, 3, 4 and with division walls 13, 13, extending between' the internal guide walls 4, '4. At their-upper edges where they approach the exhaust blades 2 the division walls 13, '13 take the form of segments concentric with the turbine from their upper edges the exhaust outlet such theblades 2 flowing 'beshaft and fall away in a curve toward that the steam from low said division that portion of the exhaust casing nearest the high pressure end of the turbine.

Where the turbine and consequently the exhaust casing is of large size, it may conwalls is guided through i veniently be provided with a transverse web 14, extending approximately centrally across the casing near the outthe lower portion of web 14, which let. The inner portion of this is located between the webs 5, 5, is, nearits up er edge, curved inwardly toward the hig pressure end of the turbine so as to meet the lower' edges of the division walls 12, 12, 13, 13, wh1ch are, in this manner, continued down to the exhaust outlet.

The internal provide a number of passages throu h which the steam leaving the exhaust blades 2 flows during its passage to the exhaust outlet and cause such steam tobe guide and. division walls substantiallyunifonnly distributed throughout-the exhaust casing, shocks, whirls, and

eddies arising fromportions of steam flowing different directions in the exhaust casing being thereby As the exhaust casing is bi-laterally symmetrical the.- .same. reference letters are used to indicate corresponding passages in either half of the same.

reduced to a minimum. To enable the drawings to be more easily comprehended the *which the exhaust blade The internal guide and di'visionwalls may be mounted in position within the exhaust casingin various ways. For/instance, said walls,'or'som e of them, may 'be cast integral with the exhaust casing.

to and supported from the Alternatively, they may be formed separately and attached exhaust casin A very convenient arrangement, however, 1s.' 130 that illustrated in Figs. -1 to 6, inwhich the greater part of said guide and divlsion walls are formed in a removable frame 15 having an outer flange 16 and an inner flange 17, the former occupying a groove formed in the exhaust casing, and the latter being secured by bolts passing through the holes 18 into the rear wall of the exhaust casing. Said frame is conveniently made, as shown, in quadrants, the two upper and two lower quadrants being respectively bolted together in a vertical plane as indicated. The manner in which such a frame and the ide and division walls may be constructe will be best understood by an inspection of Fig. 6, which is a view in isometrical projection of such a frame removed from the exhaust cas ing. Some of the guide and division walls contained in the frame are continued in the lower half of the exhaust casing by webs or walls, such for instance as the webs 5, 6 and 14, while in other cases, as shown for exam ple in Fig. 2, the division walls 9, 9 are continued below the horizontal joint line of the casing by portions 9, 9 in the lower quadrants of the frame.

Referring now to Figs. 7 to 9, the exhaust casing here shown is similar to that de-- scribed in my said application and the internal guide and division walls provided for conducting away the steam flowing from the final row of moving blades 2, maybe substantially similar to those described above with reference to 1 to 6, although, as

will be seen from Figs. 7 and 8, the number and location of theinternal guide and division walls vary somewhat from the arrangement shown in the preceding 'fi res. The arrangement of these parts will, owever, be readily understood without any detailed description thereof as similar reference numerals are. used to indicate corresponding parts. An additional short internal guide wall 19 is provided in this arrangement to assist in deflecting the steam leaving the upper part of the moving blades 2 toward the exhaust outlet. 7

Internal guide walls 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, for deflecting toward the exhaust outlet portions of the steam leaving the outer portion of the penultimate row of movin blades 25, are formed on the outer circum erential wall 28 of the diaphragm 26 carrying the fixed guide blades 27 through which the steam from the inner portionv of the moving blades 25 passes on its way to the final row of moving blades 2. The steam leaving the outer ortion of the moving blades 25 is also de ected outwardly as it passes into the exhaust casing by'the outer wall 28 of the diaphragm 26.

In Figs. 10 to 14 the frame 15 containing the internal guide Walls is somewhat different in construction as in the turbine shown in these figures, the steam may flow in either direction to the centrally located exhaust casing 1. The frame 15 in this form of the invention comprises inner ortions 29, 29, curved outwardly in both directions as shown toward the center, forming trumpetshaped guides which deflect the steam leavmg the last rows of moving blades in the ahead and astern portions of the turbine from an axial into a substantially radial direction of flow, said inner curved rtions 29, 29, being connected by the gui e walls 3, 3, 4, 4, 19, 19, to the outer rings 30, 31 of the frame and are provided with flanges which fit into grooves 32, 33, located respectlvely 1n the ahead and astern portions of the-turbine cylinder 34. At the upper port1o n of said frame there is provided a curved gulde 35 which acts in a similar manner to the part 7 shown in Figs. 3, 5 and 6 and di- .vides the steam leaving the uppermost moving blades and causes it to flow on opposite sldes of the axial vertical plane into the exhaust 3'7. 1

In this form of the invention it will be seen that the internal guide walls are arranged very similarly to those shown in Figs. 7 and 8, being indicated by correspondin reference numerals, the frame 15 contaming the radial guide walls being conveniently made in tWo semi-circular portions only, and provided with lugs 36 by which the two portions may be bolted together. It will be observed that in this constructional form of the invention no additional division walls are provided the parts marked 11 in these figures being struts which connect the curved'portions 29, 29 respectively with the outer rings 30, 31 of the frame.

The construction shown in Figs. 10 to 14 'is, as hereinbefore stated, particularly adapted for turbines used for marine propulsion, and as the space below the turbine available for the condenser is limited the vertical depth of the exhaust casin is restricted and does not extend below t e level. of the turbine cylinder.

in order that the ahead and astern portions of the latter may be braced together and maintained in proper relative position struts 37 are provided hav-' 'ing ears at their ends by means of which being imparted to the steam, said guide walls in some cases not extending beyond the outer circumference of the exhaust blade annulus. Generally, however, it will be found desirable, as hereinbefore described,

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