US1318749A - Max haeberleiit - Google Patents

Description

M. HAEBERLEIN;

OIL BRAKE FOR SPEED GOVERNORS.

- APPLICATION FILED JUNEZ. I919. I 1,318g749. 1 Patented 001. 14,1919.

W m 6 z M lrm m f) MAX I-IAEBERLEIN, 0F BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

OIL-BRAKE FOB SPEED-GOVERNORS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 14, 1919.

Application filed June 2, 1919; Serial No. 301,252.

1 b all whom it may concern Be it known that 1, Max l-lunmnmcm, a

citizen of the United States, and a resident of the borough of Brooklyn, county of Kings, city and State of New York, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements i-n Oil-Brakes for Speed-Governors, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to certain improvements in oil brakes for speed governors of that general class shown and described in Letters Patent No. 821,359, May 22nd, 1906,

and 860,913, July 23rd, 1907.

Broadly considered, the improvements embodied in the present application are designed with a view to obtaining a'better means for controlling and regulating the passage of oil from the cylinder chamber to the piston chamber of the brake illustrated and described in my prior patent, last above referred to.

The construction and arrangement disclosed in Patent No. 860,913, has been found to be somewhat disadvantageous in practice in that the area of the openings or pas sages which afi'ord communication between the two oil chambers when the piston moves from its median position, gradually in creases in proportion to the length of the piston rod stroke the piston rod moves in one direction away from its median position-and decreases to a corresponding extent when the piston rod moves in a'relatively opposite direction. Thus it will be at once manifest that as the area of the oil passage is constantly changing during the stroke of the piston rod, the piston is caused to return. to its median position with variable velocity. The extent of such variation in velocity is influenced by two causes, namely, first, by the variation in area of the passage affording communication between the two oil chanil'iers during a stroke of the piston, and secondly by the variable tension of the springs which serve to return the piston to a median position. This variation in velocity of the piston travel, fro'm'the standpoint of good'speed regulation, is undesirable, and the present invention is therefore devised with a view to practically eliminating the first and principal cause thereof.

It is accordingly the primary-object and purpose of the present im rovement to overcome the above noted 0 j'ection to which my prior patented inventions are open, and

to provide a construction wherein the area of the oil passages or openings through -wh1ch the 011 passes from one chamber to the other, will remain the same during the full stroke of the piston rod so that the piston will be returned'to its median position with considerably less variation in velocity, such velocity depending solely on the tension of the springs which are provided for the purpose of yieldingly resisting relative movement of the rod and the piston, and tend to return the piston to its median position. I have succeeded in attaining this desirable result by means of a very simple improvement in the patentedconstruct ons, such improvement however, also making it possible to. increase or decrease the area of the passages or openings and thereby regulate the volume of oil flowing therethrough as the particular operating conditions may necessitate so as to return the piston to its median position with the desired velocity.

Having the aforementioned objects in view, the present invention comprehends certain novel and improved combinations of mechanical elements, and the structural characteristics thereof, as will be more fully developed in the following description and subsequently incorporated in the subjoined claims.

In the accompanying drawings, wherein I have illustrated one practical embodiment of my invention, and in which like reference characters designate corresponding parts throughout the several views,

Figure l is a vertical sectional view through the oil brake showing the piston in its normal median position;

, I Fig. 2 is a horizontal section taken on the line 22 of Fig. 1',

Fig. 3 is a section taken on the line 3 3 10f Fig. 1, showing the oil passages positioned to receive the maximum oil; and i Fig. 4 is a similar view showing the valve member adjusted to decrease the inlet area of the oil passages.

' Referring in detail to thedrawing, 5 desquantity of ignates the brake cylinder in which the pisten (3 is engaged for reciprocatory move merit. The inner wall of the cylinder 5 is formed with a keyway 7 to receive a suitable key lug'8 on the periphery of the piston 6 whereby rotation of the piston within. the cylinder is prevented. The piston'6 is.-

. ofthel .piston.

formed with a relatively thick end'wall 9, the other end of the piston which is hollow, being closed by a removable head 10.

The piston rod 11 is of tubular construction and is loosely fitted through an opening 12 centrally. formed in the endwall 9' wall 9, a pressure spring 13 is arranged, said springs at one. of their ends respectively bearing against the opposite faces of the bottom wall of the piston, while their other ends are engagedupon suitable seats formed on the nuts-14 which are threaded upon the tubular piston rod 11. These springs-are sufficiently stifi to impart the requisite stability to the governor and by the adjustment of 'thenuts 14, the tension of said springs can be regulated as desired. The nuts l are secu-rely locked in their adjusted positions by en I means of the jamnuts 15 also threaded onthe piston rod 11.

The upper end of the piston rod 11 is formed with a yoke 16 having an apertured ear 17 adapted for connection by any suit-' able means to the movable lever ofjthe governor mechanism (not shown), while a similar ear 18 is formed upon the lower end Wall of the brake cylinder 5 for pivotal con nection to the standard or other fixed part, as shown for instance, in my prior Patent No. 821359,. above referred to.

. etubular piston rod 11 is provided in its outer surface and at diametrically opposite points with the longitudinally extending grooves or channels 19. openings 20- centrally communicate with these channels and upon the inner face of the piston rod. These grooves or channels 19 are of such length and so shaped that kwhenthe piston 6 is in its normal'median position, they terminate at their opposite ends within the openings 12 in the bottom Wall of the piston. Thus, it will be impossible for oil topass from the chamber of. the cylinder 5 into the chamber of the piston 6 or vice vers'a.

Within the tubular piston rod 11, a cylindrical valve member 21 is fitted, and is rotatable with respect to the piston rod. The lower end of the valve member is formed with a laterally projecting flange 22 engaging the end of the piston rod while a head 23 is provided upon the upper end of the valve Atleach side of the piston.

Transverse being: inl horizontal alineinent with one of the openings 20 of the wall of the tubular is also transversely extended as at 27 and communicates with an annular groove28 formedin the periphery ofthe valve mempiston rod. Y At its'fupper end, the passage 25- her. .The wall of the piston'rod 11 is prov vided with an opening 29 which affords com-- munication between this chamber of the piston 6.

The valve member 21 is a second longitudinal passage 29 one end of also provided with groove and the which opens upon the lower end face of the valve member and is in communication with the chamber of the cylinder'5. At its upper end the passage 29 is transversely extended as at 30 and is adapted to register with the other of the transverse openings 20 in the wall of the piston rod 11. P

Assuming that in the operation of the gov:

ernor, the pistonrod 11 is moved down I wardly'so as to position the lower ends of the grooves or channels 19 below th'ebottom .face of the wall 9, .in which movement it will, of course, be apparent that the piston, 6 will also move from its median posi tion and the oil contained within the cylin- .der be placed under greater pressure than the body of oil within the iston, the oil from the cylinder chamber wi 1 enter one of the grooves 9 and fio'w upwadly through the passage 25 in the valve member and outwardly from the upper end of said passage .through the passage 29 into the piston chamber. Thus, the pressures in the two chambers will be equalized and the piston returned to its median position. Ifthe valve member is in the position seen in Fig. 3, and

the lower end of the passage 25 is'in full re istration with the opening 20, the 'oilwil flow very rapidly. and in maximum volume from the cylinder chamber into the piston sage will remain constant during the entire -stroke.of the piston rod and consequently the velocity at which the piston is returned to its median position is governed or determined only by the action of the springs. This velocity of the return movement of the piston may be controlled and regulated by simpl "adjusting the valve member 21 within 'the'tubular piston pipe. Thus, if the valve member is rotated to dispose the passages therein with relation to the openings 20 in the wall of the valve rod as seen in Fig. 4, the passage of the oil from one chamber to the other is throttled and the movement of the piston as it returns to its median position will be relatively slow. Of course it will bollmlelstoOd that when the piston rod is moved upwardly, the reverse of thenbove described operation takes place and the oil will then pass downwardly from chamber, and the piston will be rapidly returned to its median position. It is,,however, to benoted that the area of this 'pas-' the piston chamber through the passage 29 in *the valve member into the chamber of the; cylinder 5. 1

It will be readily appreciated from the foregoing that by means of the present improvements, I have succeeded in. entirely obviating the practical disadvantage inherent in my prior patented constructions heretofore referred to. At the same time, however, the construction of the 011 brake remalns comparatively simple so that it will be positive and reliable in its operation and will not easily get out of order or require frequent repair. It is to be understood that u the brake may be constructed in many differentsizes and that, if desired, the ypper pressur spring 13 may be dispensed with so that jtlie piston would then move downwardly by gravity of its own weight.

In the preceding description and the accompany ng drawing I have disclosed one I 'practical embodiment of the invention,

which, however, may likewise be exemplified in numerous alternative construction. Accordingly the invention as, herein claimed is to be considered inclusive of all'legitimate equivalents for the various elements employed, as well as other contemplated arrangements thereof, which may satisfactorily accomplish the desired results.

I claim:

1. An oil brake for motor speedgovernors,

comprising a brake cylinder, a piston in said cylinder having a chamber out of communication with the cylinder chamber in the normal operatlon of the governor, a

piston rod connected with the speed governor and axially movable relative to the \piston, means normally tending to'maintain the piston in a median position Within the an oil cylinder, andmeans for maintaining 1 champassage of constant area between sa' bers in the relative movement of the piston and the piston rod.

2. An oil brake for motor speed governors, comprising a brake cylinder, a piston in said cylinder having a chamber, a piston rod connected with the speed governor and one direction,

axially movable relative to the piston, means v normally tendingto maintain the piston ina median position within the cylinder, a

valve member associated with the piston rod and adjustable relative thereto, said ,valve member and piston rod having cooperating means affording a passage of constant area during the piston rod. stroke through'which the oil fiowsfrom the cylinderchainbe'r into'the piston chamber or vice versa during the'stroke of the piston rod in 3. An oil brake for motor speed governors,

rodadapted to be connected with the governor andaxiallymovable. relative to the the piston in a median fposition, a valve member associated with the piston rod and adjustable relative thereto, said valve member and the piston rod having cooperating means permitting of the passage of oil in predetermined quantity from one oil cham-' ber into the other during the stroke of the piston'in one direction.

, 4:. An oil brake for motor speed overnors, comprisinga brake cylinder, a hol ow piston to'reciprocate within said cylinder, 2. tubular piston rod extending through the piston and axially movable relative thereto, a valve member rotatably engaged within the piston rod for adjustment relative thereto, said valve member and the piston rod having 00- operating passages formed therein permit: ting of the flow of oil in predetermined quantity from one oil chamber into the other during the stroke of the piston rod in one direction.

5. An oil brake of the class including a brake cylinder having a chambered piston therein, a piston rod and means for returning the piston to a median position withinthe cylinder, characterized by the provision of a passage of constant area closed by the piston when in its normal position, but affording communication between the cylinto its normal position at a velocity determined by the action of the returning means.

6. An oil brake of the class including a cylinder having a chambered piston therein, a piston rod axially movable relative to the piston, and means for returning the piston to a median position within the cylinder, characterized by the provision of means operable independently of the piston rod for regulating the flow of oil from the cylinder chamber into the piston chamber or vice versa, during the stroke of the piston in one direction to cause a return movement of the piston to its normal median position at a velocity determined by the action ofsaid returning means.

the stroke of .the piston in' one direction, to

cause a return movement of the piston to its normal median positi n at a velocity determined by the action of said returning means.

8. An oil brake of the class including a brake cylinder, having a chambered piston therein, a piston rod axially movablerelative to the piston and means for returning the piston to its normal median position within the cylinder, characterized by the provision of. regulable orifices in the piston rod communicating at one of their ends with the cylinder and the piston chamber respectively, and normally closed at their other ends by the piston, said orifices affording communication between the chamhers in i

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