US1309312A - barker - Google Patents

Description

J. P. BARKER.

lNTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 9. 1916.

3. 39,535 1 Q: Patented July 8, 1919.

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J. P. BARKERv NTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 9.1916.

Patented July 8, 1919.

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JOHN P. BARKER, OF TROPICO, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR, BY MESN'E ASSIGNMENTS, TO CAL F. HUNTER, 0F LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 8, 1919.

Application filed September 9, 1916. Serial No. 119,217.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN P. BARKER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Tropico. in the county of Los Angeles and State of California, have invented new and useful Improvements in Internal-Con'ibustion Motors, of which the following is i specification.

This invention relates to internal combustion motors and more particularly to internal combustion motors in a cylinder of which a charge is initially compressed prior to the transfer of said charge to another portion of the cylinder for combustion to produce working stroke of a piston with which the cylinder is provided. The invention has for its object to provide an improved motor of the general nature stated in which high thermal etliciency and mechanical simplicity are combined and which will operate at relatively high speeds. The invention is particularly applicable to motors operating on the two-stroke cycle and in which the forward portion of the cylinder is used as an initial compression space or part of an initial compression space to which the charge is admitted prior to compression and transfer of the same to the combustion chamber at the other end of the cylinder. In such motors as ordinarily constructed high initial compression and rapid charge transfer cannot ordinarily he combined in a motor having an pen ended piston without elaborate and sometimes complicated pumping or charge displacement. appurtenances.

In accordance with the present invention, an open-ended and consequently non-water cooled piston may be employed in reasonably large installments, as a charge is first inducted into the forward end of a cylinder and into the interior of a hollow piston as such piston is moved toward its cylinder head, a charge displacement element being provided at the forward end of said cylinder and supported in the cylinder in such manner that the piston in its reciprocation will cover and uncover the same thereby producing a pumping action. As a piston moves in a direction to cover the charge displacement element such charge of gaseous fuel mixture as was in the previous stroke inducted into the interior of the piston will be driven therefrom and transferred, prefer-- ably to an initial compression space pro-- vided in the wall of the cylinder where the charge will be in readiness to enter the coinbustion end of the cylinder upon completion of the working piston stroke, an inlet port being provided in the cylinder wall for the admission of such initially compressed charge, an exhaust port having been previously uncovered by the piston to permit the escape of the products of combustion formed by the firing of the preceding charge. The cylinder wall at the forward portion of the cylinder is preferably provided with an uncontrolled port establishing communication between the interior of the cylinder forwardly of the piston therein and the aforementioned initial con'ipression space. and said initial compression space may be connected directly with the intake pipe or duct of the motor, which intake pipe may lead from any suitable source of gaseous fuel supply. A check valve. not shown may be provided to seal off the intake pipe and the same may serve as a compression wall of the initial compression space as in the internal combustion motor disclosed and claimed by me in another application for S. patent. executed August 19, 1916. Serial No. 117,268. The charge displacement element and other features herein disclosed are likewise disclosed in said other application. The charge displacement element preferably fills the major portion of the initial compression space when the piston is at the limit of its travel on the out stroke, and provision may be made as by slotting the charge displacement element for the reciprocation of a connecting rod or piston rod therethrough. The induction of successive charges of incoming gaseous fuel, or constituents thereof, into the piston greatly lowers the ten'iperature of the same and the heat derived from the piston walls by the fuel is so prevented from escaping through the water jacket or other cylinder cooling means and is converted into useful work instead of being dissipated, as internal combustion motors are essentially heat eugines, and such portion of the total heat energy of the fuel as is dissipated through the cooling medium is usually totally lost;

furtherwore, the piston being thus internal cooled, more etfectiv. lubrication may be maintaincn as between the cylinder wall and the piston.

A further object of the invention is to provide an internal combustion motor which will be relatively simple and inexpensive in construction and organization when its features of superiority, such as, extreme light weight combined with high power, torque, and fuel economy are considered.

Vfith the above and other objects in view, the invention consists in the novel and useful pro 'ision, formation, combination, association and inter-relation of parts, members and features, all as hereinafter described, shown in the drawings and finally pointed out in claim.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a central, vertical, sectional, longitudinal view of an internal combustion motor cylinder and piston showing a charge displacement element therein;

Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line fG Fig. 1, and looking in the direction of the appended arrows; and

Fig. 3 is a view similar to 1 and at right angles thereto, the piston being shown at the limit of its travel toward the cylinder head.

Corresponding parts in all the figures are designated by the same reference characters.

Referring with particularity to the drawings in the embodiment of the invention therein shown A designates the cylinder of an internal combustion motor, B designates a piston therein C designates a charge displacement element, D designates means for securing said charge displacement element in position in the forward portion of the cylinder 21, E designates a piston rod, and F designates piston rod packing.

The cylinder A preferably comprises a cylindrical body portion 4 closed at one end by head 5 and secured to other motor features such as the crank case 6 at its other end whereby in effect two cylinder heads are provided. A pocket 1 is provided at the forward portion of the cylinder A the same being in communication with the interior thereof through an uncontrolled port al provided in the cylinder wall near the crank case 6, and through an intake port or ports 1 provided for communication of the pocket with the cylinder combustion space, namely, the space between the piston head and the cylinder head 5. An exhaust port 4 is, or exhaust ports are, provided in the cylinder wall opposite the intake port or ports 4. A water jacket 7 may surround portions of the cylinder and the interior of said water jacket may communicate with interior portions of the cylinder head 5 as through suitable ducts 8. However, any other preferred method of keeping the cylinder temperature lowered may be employed, such as, for instance, air cooling.

Said piston B comprises a cylindrical portion 9 closed at its one end as at 10 to form a piston head, and open at its other end to permit moving the same over the charge displacement element C. The piston head 10 is provided with a semi-circular deflector 11 adapted to guide incoming gaseous charges toward the cylinder head 5 when the intake port or ports are uncovered by the piston thereby driving out the products of combustion from the previous charge through the exhaust port or ports in the cylinder wall which were uncovered by the piston just prior to the uncovering of the inlet port or ports, as the exhaust ports are preferably slightly longer longitudinally of the c -.*lin der than the inlet port or ports. Connection is made between the piston B and suitable means for converting piston movement into rotary motion by means of the piston rod E which passes through the charge displacement element 0 and the wall 6 of the crank case, being sealed against leakage of initially compressed charge by means of the packing F which may be disposed in a suitable space provided in the wall 6 of the crank case. The piston is preferably secured to the connecting rod E by means of a screw 12 which passes through the piston head 10 and into a boss13 provided at the end of the piston rod. A suitable space is provided in the charge displacement element for the reception of the boss 13 as at 1%.

The charge displacement element C is shown as a hollow cylindrical body 15 closed at its ends as at 16 and 17 and provided with a longitudinally ranging slot 18 extending far enough into the body to accommodate the connecting rod E, which is preferably formed to nearly fill the slot 18, the walls of the cylindrical body 15 being throughout imperforate so that charge being compressed cannot enter the hollow interior of the body. The charge displacement element is of such proportions that when the piston B is in the forward end of the cylinder, nearly all of the space provided interiorly of the piston is filled by the charge displacement element, thus resulting in the occupation of the pocket e of the initial compression space by the charge, the same having been transferred from the interior of the cylinder and piston to such pocket 4- from whence it may escape through the inlet port or ports to the combustion space behind the piston.

The means D for securing the charge displacement element in position for co-action with the piston in compressing action may comprise a plurality of screws or the like 19 threaded through the crank case wall 6 and into the charge displacement elementto hold the same snugly against the wall 6 forming the initial compression cylinder head. The charge displacement element is provided with suitable internalbosses 20' into-which the screws 19 extend.

The operation, method of use and advantages of the invention will be readily understood from the fore oing description taken in connection with th ings and the"following statement:

Upon movement of the piston toward its cylinder head a charge of gaseous fuel is drawn into the forward portion of the cylinder and into the piston through the intake pipe leading to the cylinder and through the initial compression space, such charge passing through the narrow annular interspace provided between the piston and the charge displacement element to fill the pis ton asit recedes from its position over the charge displacement element the charge in the meantime being thoroughly mixed, agitated and ground, such grinding action tearing apart or comminuting any particles of liquid fuel which may be in suspension in the air of the incoming charge and said charge of necessity coming in contact with the inner walls of the piston will be heated, the charge being further benefitted by such heating and the piston temperature being correspondingly lowered. On the stroke of the piston away from its cylinder head the charge just inducted into the interior of the piston will be expelled therefrom, returning along the path provided by the narrow annular interspace between the pis ton and the charge displacement element with consequent further mixing and beneficial warming, and upon completion of the piston on this, its out stroke, the major portion of the charge will have been transferred to the pocket formed at the cylinder wall and externally thereof and be in readiness to enter the combustion space behind the piston when the intake port is uncovered by the piston. It will be understood that this transferring of the charge actually begins slightly in advance of the completion of the piston stroke, the piston finally displacing slight remaining portions of the charge from the cylinder after it has started to uncover the intake port. lVith the major portion of the interior piston space filled by the charge displacement element high compression may be obtained in the pocket, the degree of such compression depending entirely upon the capacity of the pocket or initial. compression space. The charge admission to the combustion space, as before stated, is slightly later in the cycle of operations than the opening of the exhaust port, due to piston travel, though such exhaust port remains open during the entire period of opening of the intake port, and due to this arrangement of ports, the pressure of the expanded gases, due to combustion, is

e accompanying drawfirst relieved through the exhaust port, in cases where the pressure is greater than atmospheric, as in case of a full throttle opening, and the incoming charge has only to displace remaining products of combustion which cannot be above atmospheric pressure. The deflection of the incoming charge toward the cylinder head at the de flector 11 and the manner in which said incoming charge displaces remaining products of combustion will be well understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention appertains. Upon the return of the piston toward its cylinder head the intake and exhaust ports will be closed and the entrapped charge in the compression space or combustion space is compressed to the desired volume and pressure by the piston, which will be moved toward its cylinder head through the connecting rod and its connection with the other features of the motor as will be readily understood. At the proper point of piston travel in its stroke toward the cylinder head or in some cases slightly after it has reached the limit of its travel toward the cylinder head, ignition of the charge may take place through suitable ignition devices such as the electric spark plug, not shown, and the resultant combustion or explosion of the charge will again drive the piston to its position over the charge displacement element, displacing the charge inducted into the forward portion of the cylinder during the work of compression of the charge just fired, and such displaced charge will be in readiness in the pocket a to replace the products of combustion behind the piston. During the working stroke of the piston the rotary element of the motor, or other device to be actuated by the piston, will be actuated through suitable connecting devices co-acting with the piston rod E.

-Having thus disclosed my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

In an internal combustion motor, a cylinder having an initial compression space in one end thereof and a final compression space in the other end thereof, and also having an intake port leading from said initial compression space to said final compression space, a hollow piston mounted in said cylinder and controlling said intake port, a closure for the end of the cylinder provided with the initial compression space, a substantially cylindrical hollow charge displacement element having closed ends and detachably secured at one of its ends to the closure for the cylinder, the sides of the displacement element being spaced from the walls of the cylinder to receive the sides of the piston and the displacement element being formed with a longitudinal slot extending through the same from end to end and opening laterally through one side thereof, and In testimony whereof, I have signed my a piston rod extending through the slot and name to this specification in the presence of cylinder closure and connected to the pistwo subscribing Witnesses.

ton, said piston rod being adapted to be JOHN P. BARKER. inserted laterally into position through the Witnesses:

slot from one side of the displacement ele- ALFRED H. DAEHLER,

nient. FRANCIS L. ISGRIGG,

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.

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