US130632A - Improvement in burners for gas or vapor - Google Patents

Description

G. P. GANSTER.

"Burner for Gas or Vapor.

Patented Aug 20, 1872.

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ANrrE STATES GEORGE l). GANSTER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

IMPROVEMENT IN BURNERS FOR GAS OR VAPOR.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 130,632, dated `August 20, 1872.

Specification describing certain Improvements in Burners for Gas and Vapor, invented by GEORGE P. GANsTER, of New York city, in the State of New York.

There is room for great economy in the use of gas by providing properly for great variations in the inagnitude ofthe flame, so that a very small flame may serve during the day, and favoid a necessity for lighting at night. This has been often attempted. My invention consists in improvements in the means of providing therefor. I make a very small ame, and shield the small ame, a-nd remove the shield automatic, ll y. It has long been known that a small flame may be effectually shielded from extinguishment by wind by means `of a small shield or casing inclosing it, with prop- My invention makes it practicable to preserve a minute flame by an analogous shield, and to automat` ically remove the dame beyond the iniiuence of the shield when it is required to i exert its proper illuminating power.

The following is a description of what I consider thebest means of carrying out the invention. The accompanying drawing forms a part of this specification. y

Figure l is a vertical 'section in the condition for producing a very small ame; and Fig. 2 is a corresponding section, showing the condition which the parts automatically assume when the pressure of the gas increases from any cause. In this latter 'condition a large and strong illuminating flame is produced, and the burner operates without any incumbrance from the shield which before en* compassed the feeble dame.

Similar letters of reference` indicate like parts in all the gures.

A is a gas-pipe leading from a main, not represented. Al is the base, and A2 the wall, of a cylindrical casing of thin brass or other material, up in the center of which an extension, A3, of the gas-pipe A is led. The top of the extension A3 is closed with the exception of a small perforation, indicated by a, which is only of sufficient area to supply the gas for the smallest flame. A4 is a top tted temporarily or permanently on the top of the casing A2. A5 is a neck extending up from the top A4; and AG-is an enlargement of the neck, forming a suitable inclosing-shield to protect the small flame. The neck A5, asfalso the sented as of the style known as bats wing;

but this style is not absolutely necessary to the success of the invention. 'The tip Bl is formed of brass or other suitable material, and is mounted on atight tube, B1, which extends downward and loosely surrounds the tube A3 before referred to. It is allowed to slide vvertically thereon within certain limits, as will be presently described. A shoulder is formed in the interior of the tube B1', which extends quite around, as indicated at b. This is nicely iinished, and is adapted to close down and rest tightly upon a correspondingly-finished rim or top of the tube A3. When the tube B1, with its connections, stand in their lowest positions, the shoulder b rests on the top of the tube A3 and forms a tight joint therewith. The tube B1, extending loosely down below the level of the shoulder b, is slotted on each side with vertical slots adapted to slide freely up and down on the projections a1,.which extend out from the tube A3, and may be conveniently formed, as represented, by a piece of wire ex tending across the tube and projecting at each side. Just above the projections al are holes a2. The vertical slots b1, in the side of the tube B1, must be so placed that when the tube B1 is in its lowest position the apertures a2 communicate-with the slots b1, so that the gas within the tube A3 can always dow out freely through these apertures a2. B2 is the top, and B3 the cylindrical sides of a tolerably capacious inverted bell, soldered or otherwise tightly fixed upon the tube B1, and extending down so that its lower edge will be near the bottom A1 of the apparatus when in its lowest position. This bell is intended to dip into a iiuid and form a seal. Various fluids may be used for this purpose, including glycerine or any which will not freeze or evaporate, but I will describe it as mercury. v The quantity of fluid required is small, by reason of its being conned in a narrow annular space between the inclosing sheet A2 and an inner sheet, A7, soldered or otherwise fixed on the bottom and extending upward a sufficient height, as represented. VThe mercury is indicatedn by M.

When the pressure of the gas is reduced, by properly operating a cock at a distant or near point,"or by the ordinary change from nightpressure to day-pressure at the gas-works, the pipe B1, with the connected bell B2 B3, firmly soldered together and worked as a single piece of metal, descends, and the burner B, being drawn down within the inclosing case A6, the small quantity of gas issuing burns in a minute flame, amply protected from all disturbing iniiuences. Under these conditions the gas, under the gentle pressure, circulates freely outward and inwardV through the holes a2, but passes no further in that direction than to simply circulate in the chamber formed by the bell. There are orifices, not yet referred to, which provide under other conditions for a useful flow of gas through these apertures a2, but under these conditions they are inoperative. The small quantity of gas which can iiow under the gentle pressure up through the single oriiice` a is all which reaches the burner-tip B,

- and the consumption, in case the gas-burner stands under these conditions for a long period, is very trifling. Now when, by properly operating, the gas pressure is increased, the stronger pressure upward under the bell B2 B3 causes it to rise as far as allowed by the length of the slots b1. This movement lifts the burner-tip B out of the inclosin g case A, and presents it in a fair position to allow the flame to expand into a full illuminating jet. The same movement also provides for a liberal flow of the gas at the increased pressure to the burner. This isV due to two causes-inst, the shoulder b, which before formed a tight joint on the top ofthe tube A3 is lifted far above it, and as the tube B1l below that shoulder is loose around the tube A3, there is room for gas to iow up between the two tubes to supply the burner; and, furthermore, or secondly, there are holes b2, which open from the interior of the bell through the tube B1 and allow the gas from the bell to flow inward into the tube Bll above the top of the tube A3, thus allowing a free and direct How of the gas in the bell into the burner to be consumed. I may repeat that in the condition for illuminating the gas may not only flow up through the small' orifice a, and also flow up through the loose joint or space between the tube A3 and the tube B1, but may also ilow out through the holes a2 into the interior of the bell B2 B3, and thence back again through the holes b2 into the interior of the tube B1 at such a high point th at it has free communication with the burner.

Some of the benefits due to certain features of my invention may be realized without the presence of the entire combination, but the whole, as arranged, I believe to be the bestform of its development. The bell B?B3'may be contracted greatly in diameter, and if dispensed with altogether it may be practicable to lift the burner and its attachments by the changes of pressure, so as to secure a part of the effect, but with less delicacy and less certainty.

One point to which I attach some importance nary night pressure and to load it with small shot, as required. B4 is a rim soldered onthe top of the part B2, and forming a dish within it. When my device is mounted in a basement near the level of the rear` and at a distance from the gas-works, so that the gas pressure is greatly reduced by the friction on its passage, it may need no load. When, under' opposite conditions, my device is mounted in the attic of a high building near the gasworks, and especially if on very high ground, the pressure may be so great as to require a deep layer of shot within the cup B4. But in both situations there will be the same difference between the day pressure and the night pressure, and the device will automatically sink to make a small flame on the assumption of the gentle day pressure at the works in the morning, and automatically rise to give the full ame on the assuming of the stronger night pressure at the works on the approach of night.

The device may be worked thus on the street-lamps of an entire city, operated by the difference between the day and the night pressure, which usually amounts to a half-inch of water 5 or it may be worked ina manufactory, a church, theater, or dwelling, operated by the same changes, or by special and more or less appreciable changes induced by other cocks or like devices.

The casing A2 A4 and its several inclosed parts may, if preferred, be at a somewhat greater distance from the burner B; but this distance is necessarily limited, or the bell will require to be of too great size in order to lift the great weight involved in the long connections. Under some conditions it may be eX- pedient to partially bala-nce the weight by a spring or analogous means.

I esteem it important to have the top A4 of the casing removable, to allow easy access to add to or take from the weight on the moving parts.

I claim as my invention- 1. The automatic self-adjusting tip B and shield AA6, combined and arranged for joint operation, so as to shield or expose the iiame by changes of pressure of the gas, substan vtially in the manner and for the purposes herein set forth.

2. The bell B2 B3 having a rim or casing BIl for loading, as shown and arranged, to serve relatively to the gas-supply pipe A A3, and movable tube B1, with the holes or apertures for an increased flow in the elevated position, as herein set forth.

8. In connection with the above the shoul der b, matching on a suitable seat, A3, and forming a tight joint when the flame is small, as shown and described.

4;. In combination with the bell B2 B3 and ically-movable bell B2 B3 carrying the tip B and their several connections, as herein shown. In testimony whereof I have hereunto set lmy hand. this 30th day of January, 1872, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

GEO. P. GANSTER. Witnesses:

WM. G. DEY, ARNOLD HOERMANN.

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