US1299608A - Selective signaling apparatus. - Google Patents

Description

L. M. PGTTS.

SELECTIVE SIG-NALING APPARATUS.

APPLlcATloN FILED 1M/9.19m.

Patented Apr. 8,1919.

7 SHEETS-SHEET l. I

L. M. POTTS.

sELEcTlvE SIGNALING APPARATUS.

.APPLICATION FILED MAY 9. 1916. l

' Patented Apr. 8,1919.v

l L. M. PUTTS.

l SELECTIVE SIGNALING APPARATUS. v

APPLIcmoN msn mw 9. 191s. 1,299,608, Patented Apr..8,1919;

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L. M. POTTS.-

SELECTIVE SIGNALING APPARATUS.

Amjucmou FILED MAY 9. 191e.

Patented Apr. 8,1919.l

7 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

L. M. PGTTS.

sE'ALEcnvE SIGNALING APPARATUS.'

APPLICATION FILED MAY 9. i916;

Patented Apr. 8,1919. L

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L. M. POTTS.

SELECTIVE SIGNALING APPARATUS.

APPL |cAT|oN msu MAY 9. |916.

1,299,608,A Patented Apr. 8,1919.

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L. M. Pons.

smchvs shan/Auna APPARATUS. l

APPLICATION FILED MAY 9. 1916.

Patented Apr. 8,1919

I SIIEETS-SIIEE 1- LOUIS MAXWELL POTTS, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, ASSIGNOR TO AUSTIN MGLANAHAN, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

SELECTIVE SIGN ALIN G APPARATUS.

Speeication of Letters Patent. i

Patented Apr. 8, 1919.

Original application led October 11, 1913, Serial No. 794,633. -.Divided and this application led May v9, 1916. Serial No. 96,323.

To all whom t may concern.' l

Be it known that I, LOUIS MAXWELL Po'rTs, a citizen of the United States, residing at Baltimore city, State of Maryland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Selective Signaling Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

The lpresent application constitutes a division of my application for Letters Patent of the United States, for improvements in selective signaling apparatus, filed October 11, 1913, Serial No. 7 94,633, and relates particularly to the transmitting apparatus disclosed in said application.

The primary object of this invention is the production of transmitting apparatus for use in printing telegraph systems, which shall be capable of substitution for the usual Morse key or -Vheatstone automatic transmitter on Morse circuits, without otherwise changing .the line equipment, and by apparatus which shall require a minimum of adjustment for accurate operation when once set up.

These objects are attained largely by reducing electrical parts of the apparatus to a minimum; by employing a single transmitting Contact; an extremely accurate and constant mechanical timing means, and by making the operation of the apparatus dependent on the condition of the line over which it operates, so that when connected in a Morse closed circuit, for example, one operators transmitting apparatus may be stopped by opening the circuit at another station, the equivalent of the so-called Morse break My invention will be better understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1, is a front elevation of oneform of machine embodying my invention;

Fig. 2, a side elevation thereof, partly in section;

Fig. 3, a semi-diagrammatic front elevation of the train of'driving gears, as viewed from the rear of the machine;

Fig. 1, a semi-diagrammatic view showing the arrangement of cams on the starting and combination bars. and their relation to the key levers;

Fig. 5, a fragment-ary sectional elevation showing the manner of supporting the starting and combination bars;

Fig. 6, a fragmentary vertical sectional elevation showing the timing balance and vits Starting and stopping mechanism;

Flgz 7, a fragmentary vertical sectionalv elevation showing the mechanism for transmitting the starting impulse, and for creat-- ing a lag between signals as hereinafter described;

Fig. 8, a detail `'perspective View of the movable transmitting Contact;

Fig. 9, a fragmentary sectional 'elevation showing the mechanism for locking the keyboard; Y

Fig. 10, a detail View in side elevation of the selector mechanism as viewed from the opposite side from Fig. 2;

Fig. 11, a fragmentary sectional side elevation showing the transmitting switch and a part of the mechanism for operating the same;

Fig. 12, av detail side elevation of the balance and escapement mechanism, showing the balance in the act of oscillating in a counter-clockwise direction;

Fig. 13, a fragmentary detail side elevation to show more clearly the operative relation between the safety-pin and passing hollow of the safety-roller of the escapement mechanism;

Fig. 14, a fragmentary top plan view, partly in section, showing the relation of the controlling magnet armature to the parts which it .actuates and controls;

F ig. 15, a developed view to show the relative angular positions in which the various cams are mounted on the timing shaft;

Fig. 16, a fragmentary top plan view showing the lateral spacing or positions of said cams on the timing shaft, and also showing the friction clutch for operating this shaft;

Fig. 17, a similar view of the friction clutch of the type-wheel shaft and the timing shaft;

Fig. 18, a diagram illustrating the current as transmitted for two signals, and

Figs. 19 to 22, inclusive, diagrams showing various types of Morse circuits equipped with the transmitting apparatus .embodying my present invention.

The machine herein shown comprises, among other parts, avmain frame which includes a base l on which is supported a keyboard and other parts of the machine hereinafter described.

The keyboard comprises a series of keys 2 and a space bar 3, mounted upon the ends of a series of key levers 4 pivotally supported in the machine frame. These levers are held in alinement by two vertically slotted guide combs 5 and 6, and operate against the tension of springs 7 which return them to their normal positions. The arrangement of the keys is preferably that of a standard typewriter.

The function of these key levers is to operate a starting-bar 8 and a series of combination bars 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d and 9e, which extend transversely across and above the upper edges of said levers adjacent to their rearends.

These bars 8 and 9a-9eare mounted for longitudinal movement in individual vertical slots 1-0 in two uprights 11 and 12 on the machine base, and are confined within said slots by horizontal pins 13, 14, and 15, 16

(see Fig. The operation of the bars 8 and 91-9e by the key levers is eifected by the engagement of beveled `edges 17 of these levers with a series of cams 18 on the starting bar, and a series of cams 1,9 on each combination bar, the said bars being returned to their normal positions by individual springs 20.

The starting bar 8 is shifted on the operation of any of the key levers, and for this reason it is provided with a similar cam 18 for each key lever, each such cam having a face slanting in such direction as to shift this to the right when engaged by the beveled edge 17 of any key lever. (See Figs. 4 and 5). v

The arrangement of cams 19-19, on the combination bars, however, is different on each such bar as only a certain one or combination of these bars is operated by each key lever. 1 t The arra-ngement of these cams on the combination bars will vary according to the system of combinations employed. The ar-. rangement of the cams on all of said bars of this particular machine may be had from Fig. 4. Assuming the vertical dotted lines to represent the positions of the key levers, as viewed from above, the relative positions of the various cams with'respect to these levers may be 'readily obtained. In the particular machine herein shown, the five unit system of combinationsl is employed, and for this reason there are five combination bars.

Only those cam faces which slant upward from right to left on the lower edges of the combination bars 9 9 act in conjunction. with the key levers to shift said bars in the required combinations. The cam faces which slant in the other direction (upward from left to right Fig. 4) are merely for the purpose of preventing the depression, during the transmission of a signal, of some other key than the one operated to send that signal, as hereinafter more particularly described.

The shifting of bars in various combinations by the action of the key levers on cams on said bars is Oldv and well known in the art. f i

The starting bar 8 is provided on its upper edge with a notch 21 and cam 22. Within this notch normally rests the lowerend of a vertically movable'slide 23,having a beveled edge 24 which rests, under the tension of a.

Slides 23 and 295-29e are mounted for movement in a vertical plane in individual slots 31 and 32 in guides 33 and y34 respecs tively, secured rigidly between two upright plates 35 and 36 made fast to the frame of the machine as shown most clearly in Fig. 2. These slides must travel vertically without any angular displacement and for this rea# son are held against such displacement in the slots31 by plates 37 and 38 and in slots 32 by plate 38.

Mounted inthe same vertical plane with starting slide 23 and extending above it (see Fig. 7) is a starting lever 39 having a beveled lower end 40 extending intol the same slot in guide 33 as the slide 23. r1`his lever has near its lower end afshoulder 41 which rests upon the upper edge of guide 33, while the upper portion of said lever rests in an open end slot 42 in a guide 43. Onone of its edges between guides 33 and 43, lever 39 is provided'with a cam 44, the function of which is to coperate, as here- -inafter described, with a rotatable cam 45 fast on a square shaft 46fjournaled for rotation in plates 35 and 36. A spring 47 bears against lever 39 at a` point above the axis of cam 45 and on the opposite side of said lever from said cam so as at all times to exert a pressure on said vlever from Iright to left, Fig. 7. In Fig. 7 the parts are shown in their normal positions, that is, the positions they occupy when no signals are being transmitted. At such a time, cam 45 will engage cam 44 on the starting lever in the central Lacasse position, as shown, when the lever 39 will occupy a tilting position with its foot kicked outward to the right.

When the starting bar 8 is shifted to the right, (Fig. 7) as it will be when any key is operated; this will cause slide 23 to rise to such an extent that a beveled corner on the upper end thereof engages the beveledportion 40 of lever 39 and forces the lower end l of said lever to the left, thus causing the said lever to turn in a vertical plane on cam 45y as a fulcrum, sending its portion above said fulcrum to the right. On the opposite edge of this lever from cam 44 and above it,

Y pull of a spring 82. The lower end of this is an extension 48 which at all times engages a universal bar 49 carried by and insulated from a depending arm 50 of ay bell crank lever 51y fulcrumed between two pivot screws 52 and 53 mounted in arms 54 and 55 secured-to an insulating block 56 held between plates 35 and 36. The horizontal arm of this bell crank lever extends through an opening 57 in block 56, and carries on its outer end an electrical contact 58 which is adapted vto travel between and alternately vengage adjustable stationary contacts 59 and 60, contact 58 being normally held in en-` gagement with contact 60 by spring 61 which also acts to hold universal bar 49 against cam extension 48.

Contact 58 is carried on a hinged eXtension on lever 51, the said extension comprising a bent metal plate 62 fitting over the end of said lever and pivotally secured thereby by pin 63. Spring 61 is attached at one end to extension 62 at a point in the rear of its pivot, and at the other end to a milled thumb screw 64 by which the tension of the spring may be adjusted. Through the action of hinged extension 62, contact '58 is caused to wipe contact 59 on each engagement thereof, and thereby make more certain electrical connection. lViping contacts, however, are old and well known in the art and nothing new is here claimed for this detail which may or may not be employed, as desired.

Engagement of contract 59 by contact 58 results in the completion of a circuit through the coils ofl an electro-magnet 65.

As we are not at this time particularly concerned with any electrical connections, these need not at present be traced. It will be assumed that magnet 65 is in series with f armature is an arm.7 6 on a vertically movable slide 77 (see Fig. 6) mounted ron slots in two horizontal guide bars 78 and 79 held rigidly between plates 35 and 36, and retained in said slots by plates 80 and 81.

Slide 77 controls the starting and stopping of the timingmechanism, which will now be described.

Vhen'magnet 65 receives the starting impulse, as described, it draws armature 69 upward, and. this raises slide 77 against the slide Awhen in the down or normal position, acts as a stop for an arm 83 fast upon the periphery of a balance 84. This balance is fast upon a shaft 85 journaled for rotation in plates and 36. vWhen the slide 77 is thus sent upward, the balance becomes relacking approximately 90O according to the well known practice 'in chronometer c onstruction. The size of the wire of the spring 86 and the weight of the balance are so chosen that one-half of a complete (forward and back) oscillationfof the balance occupies the time necessary for one unit impulse of the signal. This period of oscillation is chosen as being the most convenient, but is not necessarily essential. A unit impulse could correspond to a quarter period of the oscillation of the balance. It is, however, important that the unit impulse correspond to some multiple of the period of the balance.v

This balance has on its circumference two mean time screws 8,9 which are used to bring the balance to the desired standard. This is done by choosing screws of the proper weight. If the balance is too fast, a larger screw is inserted. Two rating screws 90 are inserted in the rim of the balance at about 90O from the screws 89. Screws 90 are used for the purpose of .changing the rate of the machine in words per minute to adapt 1t to different lengths of line,Y and different operating conditions. l The balance is so constructed that it has a rate equal to the maX- imum rate desired, and this rate is brought down to that required in any particular case by different size screws 90.

The power which actually oscillates the balance 84 is transmitted to it through an escapement mechanism comprising an escape wheel 91 fast on timing shaft 46; an anchor 92 fast on rock shaft 93; safety roller 94 'fast on shaft 85; an impulse pin 95 fast on hollow 98 in the safety roller 94. This escapement mechanism is substantially the same as that commonly known as the lever escapement, used in the clock and watch making art, so need not here be more fully described.

Escape wheel 91 has six teeth, so that three complete oscilla-tions of the balance will allow the timing shaft 46 to rotate onehalf a revolution, which is the length of time required for the transmission of one complete signal. At the end of this half revolution, the rotation of shaft 46 is stopped by the engagement of stop arm 83 on the balance with slide 77 which drops into the path 1 of arm 83 on the balance, caused by the dropping of the nose of an arm 99 on said slide (see Fig. 6) into either one of two diametrically opposite notches 100 in the periphery of a cam 101 fast on timing shaft 46. Balance 84 is, therefore, started and stopped at identically the .same point each time. Directly after shaft 46 starts to rotate, the nose of arm 99- rides up on'the elevated portion of the cam, where it remains until said cam has rotated about one-half a revolution, thereby positively holding saidstop slide out of the path of balance arm 83 for the proper lengt-h of time.

The timing shaft 46 is power driven through a train of gearing (see Figs.2 and 3) comprising a gear 102 mounted on said shaft and adaptedto making driving connection therewith through a friction clutch hereinafter described; a pinion 103 meshing with said gear and fast to a gear 104; an idler 105 meshing withy gear 104; a pinion 106 meshing with idler 105 and fast to a gear 107, and a pinion 108 meshing with gear 107 and fast on the armature shaft 109 lof an yelectric motor 110.

A nysuitable source of power, however, may be substituted for this motor. 1t is not necessary that the speed of the driving mechanism 4be constant, but only that it is run sufliciently fast. Forl a rate of forty words per minute, for example, shaft 46 should rotate about one hundred and seventy-live revolutions per minute.

Gear 102, as above pointed out, is not connected directly to timing shaft 46, but drives it through a friction clutch shown in detail in Fig. 17. Gear 102 itself, forms one of the friction members of this clutch, and for this purpose is preferably made of liber. This gear is mounted to rotate on a metal .sleeve 111 fast on a cylindrical extension of shaft 46, and this sleeve is provided with a friction disk 112 which lies flat against one face of gear 102. Against the other face of this gear is another friction disk 113. Friction is created between gear 102 and disks as the stop 77 `is against balance arm 83,

shaft 46 will be held against rotation, but las soon as this stop is removed, said shaft is set free andfwill be driven by the friction between plates 112 and-113 and gear 102. When shaft 46 is held against Irotation, gear 102y nevertheless continues to rotate.

Immediately after the timing shaftv 46 starts to rotate, cam 45 passes from enga ement with slide earnl 44. (See Fig. 7.) This1 slide will then be pushed to the left under the action of spring 47 and universal bar 49, whereupon contact 58 breaks connection with contact 59, unless the combination bar 9a has been operated, thus terminating the starting impulse. If the signal being sent involves the operation of combination bar 9, contact 58 will not break connection with contact 59 at the time above stated, but will remain in contact therewith for a time depending upon which other of the combination bars has been operated for that particular signal. This, however, will bel more readily understood after the operation of the transmission of the actual signalim-` pulses has been described.-

Passing now more particularly to the mechanism which coperates with the cornbination. bars and vertical slides 291-'29e to transmit the impulses which form the actual signals as contra-distinguished from the starting impulse, this comprises, among other parts, live cams 1173, 117", 117", 117d and 117 fast upon the timing shaft 46,'

which coperate respectively with five transmitting levers 118211821182118i and 118'3 10. The upper ends of these levers rest in individual open end slots in guide bar 43,

while their lower ends extend into the samep ,130

slots in guide 33 as receive the'y upper ends ile .thereof as shown most clearly in Figs. 2 and of the slides 293-299, said levers being supported upon the upper edge of guide ,33, each by a lug 119, and their upward movement limited by lug 120 engaging the lower veach have a cam 122 adapted to be engaged each by a different .one of cams 1173-1179, and each lever is also provided with an eX- tension 123 adapted to engage universal bar 49 of the transmitting Contact lever. The operation of these levers 118a118e by the slides 2929e is substantially the same as that described with relation to the starting lever 39. According to which of the slides 29d-29e is or are raised by the operation of any particular key, the lower ends of corresponding levers 1183--118e will be held by said slides against movement to the right. Then, as shaft 46 continues its rotation, cams 11721-117e will successively engage cams 122 on levers 118a-118 Clearly then, those levers 118a-118e, the lower ends of which are restrained from movement to the right by the operated slides 293--29e will move to the right at their upper ends, and in so doing will act through the universal bar 49 and lever 50 to send the contact 58 into engagement with contact 59 once for each lever 118a-118e so operated. Levers `118a118e are returned to normal by springs 121 and universal bar 49, the latter action under the tension of spring 61.

As to thoselevers 1181--118e whose slides 29a-29e have not been operated, the case is different. These levers being less restrained at their'lower ends, than at their upper ends, due to the pressure of springs 121 and 61, above the axis of cams 46, will kick out at their bottoms to the right. Therefore, the extensions 123 of these levers have no operative effect on the bar 49, and hence will' not operate contact 58. Each of the levers 1183-418e is capable of two degrees of motion, but restrained from movement by u'nequal pressure in two degrees, the cams lla-Il'?e tending to operate said levers in y succession, and the slides 29a-29e'selectively acting to positively lock said levers from motion in the way of least'restraint and to compel their motion in a direction of greatest restraint. Therefore, for eachslide 29a- 29e raised by the combination bars, Contact 58 will be sent into and remain in engagement with contact 59 for a definite interval,

the time of which corresponds to a unit impulse, and one or morev of these impulses go to make up each signal according to the combination.

It will be seen from the foregoing description that whenever a key is operated, a start impulse is transmitted to magnet which immediately releases the balancev and therefore starts it into motionin phase with this start impulse, and the subsequent beats or oscillations of the balance so time the opening and closing of the transmitting contact that the impulses of the signal Corresponding to the saidv start impulse will necessarily be in phase with the balance. In other words, the oscillations of the balance and the unit impulse periods of a signal bear a definite phase relation. Each signal period may be regarded as divided into six equal time intervals repre,- sented diagrammatically in Fig.' 18 by the spaces indicated S, fA, B, C, D and E between thevertical dotted lines. vEach of these intervals represents the time that the contact 58 remains against the Contact 59 to transmit a unit impulse. The space S indicates the interval of the starting impulses, and the spaces A to E the intervals of the five unit signal impulses which are employed in various combinations to'form the signals proper.

' In Fig. 18 the solid lines above the line O-O of zero current represent the current on the line when two signals are transmitted, Y

be formed ranging from the employment of I one impulse for each of the spaces A to E, to the employment of one impulse of a duration equal to all such intervals combined. With the five unit system here employed,

lthiry-two such combinations may be had.

It will be seen that whenever a combinai tion is. transmitted which involves the A impulse position, the starting impulse does not fall to Zero, but merges into the A impulse. This is due to the fact that the operation of the combination bar 9a, which sends the A impulse. operates through slide 29a, f

lever 118a which holds the universal bar 49 out andthe contacts 58 and 59 closed notwithstanding cam 45 has passed from the starting lever 39. (See Fig. 11). I

The exception mentioned in a foregoing portion of this description, tothe fact that on the passage of cam `45 from cam 44 the contacts 58 and 59 separate, will now be more fully understood. f

The spaces indicated L represent the lag which is automatically produced between successive signals, when the machine is operated atmaximum speed, as hereinafter more particularly described.

The combination for each signal may be had from Fig. 4 by noting the relation between the dotted lines indicating the key levers, and the cam lugs on the different combination .bars 9a-9". These combination bars correspond to the ve impulse periods A to E Fig. 18, the impulses vbeing transmitted in combinations depending upon which of said bars are operated. or example, the o eration of the 9a and 9b bars will send the B impulse combination, the operation of the 9c bar the C impulse, etc.

There should always be between successive signalsa lag great enough to prevent any signal from blending with the starting im- `pulse of a succeeding signal, and this lag should preferably be equal to the time of a unit impulse in order that at any given speed of transmission the length of the line -operable may be a maximum. When the maabove stated. For this purpose, starting lev ver 39"(see Fig. 7) is provided at its upper end with an offset or hooked extension 124, and adapted to coperate, as hereinafter described, with this extension is a pin 125v carried by a slide 126 mounted for vertical movementin fixed guides 127 and 128, said slide being normally pulled down under tension of a spring 129. This slide is provided with a downwardly extending arm 130 having a beveled end adapted to rest upon the periphery of a cam 131 fast on the timing shaft 46.' Now, as -cam 131 rotates, it raises slider 126, and as this slide nears the extreme end"of its upward motion, pin 125 engages the hooked extension 124 oflever 39 and raises this lever so that itslower extremity cannot engage the upper end of slide 23 even when a key is depressed, so that contacts 58 and 60 will remain closed until slide 39 is pushed downward bypin 125. When cam 131 has made a half revolution, which is the end of a signalperiod, arm- 130 will drop yfrom the elevated portion ofthis cam to the position shown in'Fig. 7, thus causing pinv 125 to move lever 39 downwardly, and 1n doing so this lever is rocked about cam 45 as a pivot by the engagement of the lower tip offsaid leverk with the upper tip of slide 23, and this rocking motion of lever 39 v'causes the engagement of contacts 58 andr 59 and the transmission of the starting impulse. Therefore, whenthe machine is operating at maximum speed, with no pauses by the operator between successive signals,

thestarting impulse is always sent by the downward movement of slide 126 rather than lby the upward motion of slide 23, thereby causing a delayed closing of the contactsA 58 and 59 for ythe starting impulse. The weight of slide 126, the strength of spring 129, and the drop of slide 126 are so chosen that the desired lag is obtained.

Normally all of the keys of the keyboard are unlocked. The operationv of any key, however, not only locks that key and its combination bar or bars, but locks all the other keys and vtheir combination bars as well, against further operation until' the completion of the signal. This is effected by the following mechanism. (See Fig. 9).

'Each combination bar 9a'-9e is provided on its upper edge with two notches 132 and 133. Extending transversely across all of ried on the lower end of a slide 135 adapted to move vertically in guides 43, 33 and'34. This slide is provided with an offset extension or arm .136 having a cam portion 137A adapted to li in the path of a rotatable cam 138 made fast on timing shaft 46. Normally this cam occupies the position shown in Fig. 9, at which time it holds slide 135 in the elevated position shown, under the tension of a downwardy pulling spring 139. VImmediately after the timing shaft 46 is started into `rotation, as described, cam 138 passes from cam 137, thereby allowing slide 135 to be pulled downward. When this happens, the knife edge of bar 134 will be sent into notches 132 of the operated combination bars and into notches 133 of the unoperated combination bars', thus locking both sets of bars against further operation until the signal has been transmitted. ,When it is attempted to depress any of the keys duringA the transmission, they will be held from operation by the cams on the combination bars'. At the end of a lsignal period, or when the timing shaft 46 has made a half revolution, cam 138 will again raise slide 135 and unlock the lkeyboard'.

in series with a single source of current 140 at one en d of the line. The diagram shows two of my machines on a line. In this case any machine is ready to transmit at any time, and if magnets 65 ,are employed to receive also, as described in my aforesaid 25 'case the line is normally closed, but at ,this

shown.n

co-pendingv application, it is not necessary to operate a switch to change from sending to receiving. v

In F ig, 20 is shown the connections for threestations on a way-wire according tothe Well known American Morse closed circuit method. In this case, a line battery 142 is required at `one stati-on only, and -contazcts 58 and 60 are connected `directly 1n -Morse circuit, except that in the present case the magnet is connected in series with the back Contact 144 of the maihtline relay instead "of the front-contact thereof.

The magnet 65 of each machine is in seriesY in its local relay circuit with a battery 145 and suitable resistance 146. y

Fig. 21 shows the connections for, three stations on a way-wire operated according to the British open circuit method. In this time therefis no battery onlthe line. This method requires a@ battery 147 ateach station, which is thrown onto line in series with magnet 65 andi-contact 58, each, time v` the latter contact engages contact 59. In this' case the magnet 65 and contact 58 are connected VLdirectly in 'series at each station.

In these cases (Figs. '20 and 21)' also, magnets 65 may operate Vrecording mechanism as in my said co-pending application.

In Fig-.Q22 yis shown the connections for, In this case, transmita duplex terminal. ting contacts 58 and 5 9, and magnet 65 of the transmitting machine, are connected in a local circuit with the coils of a main linel transmitter' 148, the magnet 65 v of this machine' acting .to produce a home record; as stated in `'connection with Figs. 19, .20 and 21.- Thesignals from a distance are received on main line relay 149, which controls a local relay circuit 150, inf which is. f connected-'1.31. magnet 5165 adapted to operate--A receiving inechanismonly In this case one machine the 'signals to ya distant point, while the other machine receives" them. In this diagram, 151 indicates. the.'

"operate the same, and mechanical means source of signal current at the terminal.

representsf the main liesupposed to pass to a terminal which is a. duplicate of .that

It will noted that in thisv machine the starting f the contact into operation to transmit the code impulses is absolutely dependent' on the operation! of magnet 65.I In

i other words, transmission cannot be leffected if magnet 65'is. ,inoperative. 4.Thisfeature ofthe machine makes it especlally adapted motion, to automatically time. the operation .of said elements.

comprising a movable switch contact, a

to Morse methods of operation, as it makes 65 it possible to stop'any sendngoperator by merely opening the line at another station, which corresponds to the so-called Morse break This will be .apparent from anyy of the diagrams, Figs. 19 to 21. Any oper- 70 latormay transmit as long as the line remains closed at the other stations, but if the operator at one of the other stations should open the line, the machine sending at another station would be rendered in- 7 5 operative during such time on account of the fact that the circuit of his magnet 65 Ain Figs. 19 and 21, and `of relay 143 in escapement for imparting motion thereto,

a timing shaft controlled by said balance, a series of members movable with said shaft,

- a series of selecting elements adapted to be operated insuoc'ession by said members, a 90 transmitting switch mechanically ,operated by said elements, keyboard operated mechanical permutation mechanism to select certain of said elements and in combina-v tion with said'members selectively control ,95 saidkelements. x

2. Apparatus' for electrical f signaling, comprising a movable. switch contact, a series of mechanical elements common to said 'Contact and arranged to individu-ally 109 operate the same, mechanical means to time the operation of said elements, and electrical means controlled by said switch to control the starting of said timing means..

3. Apparatus forelectrical signaling, 105

Icomprising a movable switch contact, a

series of mechanical elements common to -said contact 'and arranged to individually move the same, and mechanical means comprising a body having a natur-all period of 4.K Apparatus -for electrical. signaling,

'series .lof mechanica-1 elements common to said {contac't and arranged to individually vsaid elements in combinations corresponding to the signal to be transmitted, mechanical means to time the voperation of said elements, comprising abody having a natural period of motion, mechanical means .to imparty motion to said body, electrically operated mechanical means controlled by said contact to start said body into motion at the commencement of a signal, interval and.

automatic means mechanically controlled to stop said body at the end of a signal period. 6. Apparatus for electrical signaling,

comprising a switch contact, mechanical means to operate said contactv invariably at the commencement of each signal period',

-and mechanical automatic means operating said contact in varying combinations according to the signal transmitted.

7'. Apparatus for electrical signaling, comprismg a switch contact, a plurality of keys common to said switch contact for controlling its'operation, mechanism operated by each ofv said keys 'and acting to'mechanically operate ysaid contact invariably at the commencement of each signal period, me;

chanical selecting mechanism operated by 'j said keys, and power actuated mechanical means operating. through said selecting mechanism to voperate said contact variably according to the signal transmitted.

8. nApparatus comprising a switch'- contact, a plurality of keys common-to said switch contact for concomprising a, series of mechanical elements corresponding to electrical impulses to be transmitted, said elements having two degrees of motion, but unequally normallyV restrained from motion in two degrees, means tending to operate .said elements in succession, and selective means to positively lock said elements from motion in the way of least restraint and compel motion in the direction of greatest restraint, and mechavnism operating to transmit electricalimpulses corresponding to the elements 'so' operated. v

10. Apparatus for electrical signaling,l

comprising a seriesof mechanical elements l corresponding to elegtrical impulses to be transmitted, said elements'having two deT grees of motion, but unequally normally restrained from motionjin two degrees, means tending to operate saidl elements in succession, and selectivev means to positively lock for electrical signaling,l

said :elements from motion in the `way of least restraint,'and a switch contact common to all ofsaid elements and operative thereby in combinations according `to the signal transmitted.

11. Telegraphic apparatus including a member having two degrees of motion, means to move said member in either degree, l y1elding means opposing the motion of said member in both degrees, andiselectively operated means to loppose the motion of said member in one degreel to cause itl to move in the other degree against said yielding means.

l2. Telegraphic apparatusl including a member having two degrees 'of motion, means to move said member in either degree and operating for each signal independently o, the character of the signal, yielding means opposingthe motion of said member in both degrees, selectively operated means to oppose the motion of said member in one v degree to cause it to move 1n the other'degree against said yielding means, and a signal transmltting contact operated by said member when moving against said yielding- 13. Apparatus for electrical signaling,v

comprising a series ofselecting elements 4capable of two degrees of motion, step-by step operating power means acting to move said elements in successionfa plurality of Imovable members, means to move Lsaid last mentioned members in .l combinations corresponding to the respective s1 als into. the

path of movement of said se ecting members in one degree to cause their movement in another degree by said power means, and a transmitting switch mechanically operated by said selecting members when so moved,

substantially as described. i' 14. ApparatusH for electrical signaling,

comprising a transmitting. switch, `a key-` board, a plurality of mechanical elements lcommon to said switch, -nfeans mechanicallyv operated by the keys of said keyboard to set lsaid elements in combinations according tothe signal to be transmitted, mechanism operating said switch invariably on the operation of 'each of saidkeys, power operated means to mechanically impart to said contact a 'different combination of movements for each signal, land means controlled by lsaid invariably acting mechanism to startl said power operatedy mechanism into motion. 15.fApparat us for electrical signaling, comprisingl a transmitting switch, a keyboard, a plurality 'of movable mechanical elements common to a contact of said switch, J

means mechanically operated by the keys of; said key-board to select certain of said. c le` ments in combinations 'according to the Slgnal to betransmitted, mechanism operating -said contact invariably on the operation of each of said keys and itself mechanically operated by said keys, power operated means adaptedto mechanically operate said elements and therethrough to mechanically operate said contact, and electrical means controlled by said contact and said invariably acting mechanism, to start said power means i-nto motion. f

16. Apparatus for electrical signaling, comprising a transmitting switch,'a series of mechanical elements common to a moving contact of said switch, means forming an operative connection between .said elements and said contact whereby said contact maybe operated by any of said' elements, power operated `mechanical means operating said elements in successive order for each signal transmitted, and selecting meansmechanically operated and coperaty ing with said element operating means to operate said contact variablyl according to the signal transmitted, and time keeping mechanism mechanically connected to said power operated means to control the same.

.17; Apparatus for electrical signaling, comprising a movable transmitting contact, -a series of movable transmitting elements, mechanical means forming an operative connection between said elements and said contact whereby any of said elements. mayopcrate said contact, a series of selecting elements adaptedto operate upon said transmitting elements in combinations according.

to the signal selected, a power driven shaft, a series of cams on said shaft adapted to operate upon said transmitting elements in succession as said shaft rotates, the said operative connection between the said contact and said transmitting elements being responsive to those transmitting elements operated upon by the selecting elements, and non-responsive to the transmit-ting elements operated by said cams but not operated upon by said selecting elements, a spring controlled balance and escapement controlling step-by-step the movement of said shaft, a stop, normally holding said balance against movement, a magnet operative to withdraw said stop rom` said, balance to allow the same and said shaft to operate, an electric circuit including said cont-act andthe Winding of said magnet, and automatic means operating said stop at the end of a signal interval to arrest the motion of said balance.

18. Selective signaling apparatus, comprising a balance and escapement, a plurality of movable elements, means timed by said balance and escapement and operating to move said elements successively in phase with the oscillation. ofsaid balance, selectively operated meanscoperative with said timed means to modify the movement of said elements in combinations corresponding' to the signals to be transmitted,and a. 'so transmitting switch mechanicallyl operated by said modified movement of said elements. 19. 'Selective signaling apparatus,L comprising a rotary shaft, power means for rotating said shaft, a'balance and escapement, operatively connected to said shaft to cause it to rotate step-by-step, a plurality of movable elements, operated by said 'shaftin its step by step -movement and operating to move said elements successively in phase with the oscillations of said balance, selectively operated means coperative with said element operating means to modify theN movement-'of said elements in combinations corresponding to the signals to be transmitted, and a transmitting switch mechanically operated by said modified movement of said elements.

20. Electrical -signaling apparatus, compri-sing signal timing mechanismadapted to.: allot to the sign-als equal time intervals, and automatic means to retard the operation ofy said timing'mech'anism for a definite interval between succeeding signal periods when signals Iare being transmitted continuously..

2l. Apparatus for electrical signaling, comprising mechanical 'signal Starting means, electrical signaling means operated thereby, and automatic mechanical means to retard vthe said signal starting mechanisml 95 when signals are transmitted continuously.

22. Apparatus for electrical signaling, comprising electrical means to transmit the signals, power operated .mechanical means` to operate said electrical means, and automatic mechanism to retard 'the starting of said mechanical means between successive signals.

23. Selective signaling apparatus, comprising mechanism to selectively transmit electrical impulses tov form successive signals, and an automatically acting mechanism to create -a lag between succeeding signals when said signaling apparatus is operated continuously to transmit a series of llo signals l 24. Apparatus I for electrical signaling comprising a transmitting switch -contact member, a magnet, timing mechanism act. ing automatically to allot equal time intervals to each signal, mechanical operative connection between said timing mechanism,

said switch contact member and said magnet to impart movement to said contact member variably at'the commencement of each signal and in varying combinations thereafteraccordingto the signal to be trans'- mitted, and an electric circuit including said switch and magnet,

25. Apparatus for electrical signaling, comprising a transmitting switch, a balance and escapement, means operated by said balance and escapement for timing the i operation of said switch, a magnet opera` tively associated with said balance to control the startlng thereof, and an electric circuit y including sald switch andthe winding of `was said magnet.

26. Apparatus for electricalsignaling, comprising a series of elements, a transmitting contact, means to operate said elements selectively to cause said contact to transmit to line varying electrical signals, and means controlled by signals on the same lineto start into operation the element operatlng means.

27. Apparatus for electrical signaling,

comprising a series of elements, a transmlt-y tmg contact, means to 'operate sald elements in combinations to cause said Contact to transmit to line varying electrical signals,

'means `to time said signals, and means con- 7 trolled by signals on said line to startinto operation said timing means. f Y

28. Apparatus for electrical signaling,

vcomprising an electrical contact, mechanism Ato move the same variably to transmit combinations of electrical impulses-to form the s1 als, a serles of elements, means to Aset said elements 1n varying 'combinations to determine the combination of impulses to be' transmitted, and a magnet operated by said impulses and acting to control said transmitting means.

29. Apparatus for electrical signaling,

,comprising an electrical contact, mechanism to move the same variably to transmit coinbinations of electrical impulses to form .the signals, means to time saidI signals, a series of elements, means to set said elements in varying combinations to determine the combination of impulses to be transmitted, a

magnet operated by said signals, and meansVV including said contact and controlled therelby to operate said magnet to start into ac- 'tion said timing means.

30. Apparatus for electrical signaling, lcomprising a main line, an# electrical contact, and mechanism to move the same variably to transmit over said line combinations of electrical impulses to form the signals, a magnet operated by all the combinations of impulses capable of being transmitted over said Lli'ne, and means operated by said magnet to control said transmitting means. 31. Apparatus for electrical signaling, comprisinga main line, an electrical contact, and mechanism to move the same variably to.. transmitf over: said line combinations of electrical f' irl'npulses'4 to form the signals, a

i i' net to start into actionfsaid conta*ct-operat-v magnet operatedbyall the combinations of .v impulses capable ofi being transmitted over said line, andmeansfoperated by said maging mechanism. i

32. Apparatus for electrical signaling, comprising a main line, mearisicluding an electrical contact, mechanism to move said- 1,299,6osl contact variably tol transmit oversaid line ,combinations of. electrical impulses to form the respective slgnals, a series of elements,

means to set said elements in varying combinations. to determine the `combinations ofimpulses to be transmitted, means to time' the speed of operation of said contact, andmeans controlled by said: Contact to vcontrol the starting of said timing means. 33. Selective signaling apparatus, comprising means movable variably to transmit 'electrical signals, means to operate said transmitting means including a shaft started into motion at the beginning of each signal, 'means operating invariably to time the motion of said/shaft, andf means carried by said sha-ft to keep in-motion 'said timing means. A

34. Selective signaling apparatus, comprising means to 'transmit electrical impulses including a transmitting contact, a rotatable shaft, selectivemeans coperating with said shaft to operate said contact varimitting means and means to automatically v stop ysaid invariably moving means at the end of each signal. l

36. Transmltting apparatus for electric telegraphs, comprising a transmitting contact, a balance and escapement, and mechanism controlled by said balance and es capement to cause said contact to transmit 'electrical signaling impulses in phase with the oscillations of said balance.

37. Transmitting apparatus for electric telegraphs, comprising af transmitting con tact, a'balance and escapement, and operative connection entirely mechanical between said balance and escapement and said contact to cause -said 'contact to transmit `electrical signaling impulses in ,phase with the oscillations of said balance.

l 38. Transmitting apparatus for electric telegraphs, comprising a transmitting contact, means to operate said contact to transmit a starting electrical impulse at the commencement of each signal, a balance and escapement, mechanismlcontrolled by said contact `to start said balance into motion vfor each signal in phasewith said start impulse, and mechanism controlled by said balance and escapement to' cause said contact 1,29e,eos

phase with the oscillations of said balance. 39. Transmitting apparatus for electric telegraphs, comprising a body having a A.'

tain the motion of said body, means con- 70 natural period of vibratory motion, asingle transmitting contact, operative connection .entirely mechanical betweeny said body and contact for timing the Voperation of said contact with respect 'to the movements of said body, a keyboard, and operative connection entirely mechanical between said keyboard and contact for variably moving said contact.

40. Transmitting apparatus for electric telegraphs, comprising a [body having ia natural period of motion, a single transmitting contact, operative connection entirely mechanical between said body andv contact for timing the operation of said contact with respect to the movement of said body, signal selecting mechanism, and operative connection entirely mechanical between said signal selecting mechanismy and contact for variably moving said contact. A

41. Transmitting apparatus for electric telegraphs, comprising a balance and c s-f capement, a single transmitting contact,-op erative connection entirely Amechanical -between said, balance and contact `for timing the operation of said contact with respect to the movements of said balance, a keyboard, and operative connection entirely mechanical between said keyboard andcontact'for selectively operating said contact.

42. Transmitting apparatus for electric telegraphs, comprising a movable transmitting contact, selective mechanism to moveI said contact variably according to the signals to be transmitted, -a magnet andmeans operated thereby to control the startingv o f said contact operating mechanism, and a transmission line including said magnet and contact in series.

43. Apparatus for` .electrical signaling,

comprising a series of selecting. elements'. v means to. move said` elements insuccession.

mechanical permutation mechanism to select certain of said elements and in combination with said element moving means se-` lectively modify the motion` of said I elements. Y' j 44. Apparatus for electrical*v signaling, comprising a rotatable shaft, means totransmit' electric impulses, means carried by said shaft. to operate said -transmittin means, means to time the motion of sfai shaft, said. timing meansincluding'a body capable of periodic motion, mechanical means to maintain the motion of said body/,Q means controlledby the stopping of, said- 'body tostop the operation `ofsaid shaft, and means to st op the motion of said body. v i. 4,5. Apparatus for electrical-signaling," comprising arotatable shaft, )means to trans--. mit electric impulses, means carriedtbfy said` shaft to operate saidl transmitting means, nmeans to time the motion of said shaft, said timin means including a body capableof perio ic motion, mechanical means to maintrolled by the stopping of said bodyto stop Athemperation of said shaft, and means to .stop the motion of said body at the end of each signal. I l v 46. Apparatus for electrical signaling, V comprising a'rotatab'le shaft, means to transmit electric impulses means carried by said rshaft to operate said transmitting means,

: initrelectric impulses', means carried by said shaft to operate said transmitting means,

means to time the motion of said shaft, said timing means including a fbody capable of periodic motion, mechanical means to maintain the motion/of said body, means controlled by the stopping of said body to stop the operation of said shaft, automatic means to stop the motion of said body,- and means to start said body in motion at the beginning of each signal.

48. .Apparatus for electrical signaling, '1`00 comprising means to; transmit varying electric code signals, a body capable of periodic motion, and means entirelvmechanical intermediate 'between said transmitting means and, said body acting to time said transmit-y ting means and to finaintain the periodic motion of said body. v l

49. Apparatus for electrical signaling, comprising means t transmit varying electric code signals, a body capable of periodic motion, a connection entirely mechanical intermediate between said transmitting means and saidbodyacting to time said transmitting r means. and to maintain the periodic .moticnfof said body, land vmeans toi'all'ot Y115`l equal time intervals-*to allfthe elementary impulses forming alsignal.l p

50.v Apparatus for '.{electri'cal signaling, comprising means to transmit varying felectric signals,l,each having the .same numbeii 12C i nals, means to operate said transmitting 12,5*

@means lstepby-step, andmeansto maintain the same time relation between each elementarytiine interval of said signal' andthe.

lintervals between succeeding' operations of x saidy step-'by-step action.

51. Apparatus for electrical signaling,

' comprising means to transmit varying elec- ,said body acting to time said transmitting tric code signals, a body capable of periodic motion, means entirely mechanical intermediate between said transmitting means and said' body acting to 'time said transmitting means and to maintain the periodic motion of said body, and means to stop the motion of' said body at intervals and thereby stop y the operation of the transmittin means 52. Apparatus for electrica signaling, comprising means to transmit varying elec# trical code signals, a body capable of periodic motion, means entirely mechanical intermediate between said transmitting means and means and to maintain4 the periodic motion of said body, means to stop the motion of said body at the end of eachsignal andi thereby stop the operationof the transmittlng means, and means to start said body in motion at the beginning of each signal;

l 53. Apparatus for .electrical signaling,

. circuit acting to control said step-by-step o erated means.

'5.5. Apparatus for electrical signaling,

comprising step-by-step operated transmitting means, an electrical circuit \over which varying impulses are transmitted by said step-by-step operated transmitting means, a' magnet in said circuit, and means controlled by said magnet to start 'into operation said step-by-step operated mechanism. j

56. Apparatus for electrical signaling, comprising step-by-step" operating mecha` anism, a magnet, said magnetfacting to control said step-by-step operating mechanism, and said step-by-step operating mechanism 1n turncontrolling the operation of said ma et. v

5 Apparatus for electrical signaling,A

comprising step-by-step operating mechanism, a magnet, said magnet acting tocontrol said step-bylstep operating mechanism, and said step-by-step operating mechanism in turn controlling thetransmission to said magnet of impulses varying according to' the Signals selected. l Y

' 58. Apparatus for electric signaling, comprising a series of selecting elements determining the signal to be transmitted, a magnet, means tooperate. said magnet each time said selecting elements are operatedstepbyJ step operated transmitting means, said magnet actingto start said step-by-step operated mechanism into action, said step-by-step operated mechanism acting to `transmit to said magnet impulses thereafter varying according to the signal selected.

59. Signal transmitting means, means to start saidsignal transmitting means `into operation at the beginning of each signal period, means to time the operation of said transmitting means, automatically acting means to,stop said timing means foreach signal, and automatically acting means to create a lag between theI stopping of said timing means' and the starting of said tim'- ing means for the next succeeding signal.

60. Apparatus for electrical signaling, A

comprising a series of elements, permutation means tooperate said elements in combinations `according to the signal selected, a secf ond series 'of elements, means to individually operate said second series in succession for each signal, and means to modify the operation of said second series according to the permutation of the elementsk in the first series.

61. Apparatus for electrical signaling, comprising a series of elements, permutationy means to operate said elements in combinations according to the signal selected, a second series of elements, means to individually operate said second series in succession for each signal, means to modify the operation of said second series according to the permutation of the elements inthe rst series, a main line and means controlled by said second series of elements to transmlt to said line l a varying series of impulses according-t0 the operation of the `said second series of elel In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

LOUIS MAXWELL PoTTs- Witnesses:

' H. BISHOP, M. Mv BROWN.

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