US2273776A - Code translating machine and mechanism - Google Patents

Description

Cb, 37? 11.942, ZUREK 539273,77@

CODE TRANSLATING MACHINE AND MECHANISM Filed July 3, 1940 4 SlleS---SheJ(J l SAM AT1-ORNE Feb., il?? 33.94% F. ZUHEK CODE TRANSLATING MACHNE AND MECHANISM Filed July 3, 1940 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 W ff NTQR

Feb, l?? i942., F. ZURK ZE'M CODE TRANSLATING MACHNE AND MECHANISM Filed July 3, 1940 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 \Q Ln A im V I mNTOR ri L" BY Feb@ Q 1942., F ZUREK 273977652 CODE TRAVNSLATING MACHINE AND MECHANISM Filed July 1940 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR L ATTORNEY Patented Feb. 17, 1942 CODE TRANSLATING MACHINE AND MECHANISM Frank Zurek, Roslyn Heights, N. Y., assigner to Press Wireless, Inc., Chicago, lll., a,

tion oi' Delaware Application July 3,

l Claims.

rl`his invention relates to translating mechanisms and more especially for translating one kind of code impulse combination to a dierent kind of code.

A principal object is to provide a code translaune mechanism for use in printing telegraph systems and the like, whereby code combinations such as the Baudet or rive-unit type, can be translated into a radio telegraph code of the two-unit type.

Another object is to provide a perforator ofthe two-unit code type which can be controlled automatically by received coole combinations of the Baudot or live-unit type.

Another object is to provide a reperiorator sysn tem whereby a nve-unit code tape can be used to control automatically the production of a twounit code tape.

A feature of the invention relates to a keyboard perforator control, which is provided with a special form of translating mechanism whereby signals ordinarily used to operate a page printer, can be used to operate the keyboard perforator.

Another feature relates to the combination oi a venmit code mechanical selector which is interconnected with a keyboard perforator to control the operation of the latter automatically in response to receipt of iive-unitcode'oombinations.

Another feature relates to the combination of a live-unit code translator and a keyboard pern forator which are interlocked for proper automatic timed operation. Y

Another feature relates to a novel form of up per and lower case control for selector mecha nisms of the page-printer type.

A further feature relates to the novel organization. arrangement, relative location and intel connection oi' parts whereby signals of the fiveunit of Baudet combination type can be used directly to control a two-unit code tape perforator without the intervention of a manual operator.

Other features and advantages not specifically enumerated will be apparent after a consideration of the following detailed descriptions and the appended claims.

Where telegraph signals have been transmitted via radio, it has been customary to use what is known as the International radio signal code, a. two-unit code. In many cases, the source of the signals is connected to the radio channel via land lines and the signals are usually transmitted over such lines in the conventional multiplex code. Thus, these land line signals may be trans- Corpora- 1946, Serial No. 343,736

(Cl. T38- 92) mitted by a Teletype machine which transmits the characters in the form of code combinations or nve units. Heretofore with such arrangements, it has been necessary first to reproduce the characters usually by means o: a page printer, for example a Teletype page printer. Then when the received copy is completed, it is removed from the page printer and delivered to a transmitting operator who must retranscribe the teletyped message into a two-unit code perforated tape by means of some form of manually operated tape perforator, for example a Creed keyboard perforatoi" or a Kleinschmidt keyboard perforator. .Apart from the delay and high cost of this usual method, is the fact that since the original signals of the page printer type usually include carriers returns, line feed, rubouts and other special signals peculiar to page printer operation, the originating Teletype operator may commit errors in transmitting the page printer signals. In accordance with the present invention, the received Teletype page printer signals are used directly to operate a modiiied iorm of keyboard perforator which does not rem spond to the special signals above noted. Consou quently, the errors due to the human equation both at the originating teletype transmitter and at the radio reperforator are avoided. v

While the invention will be described as encboclied in certain kinds of equipment, it will he understood that in its broad aspects the inventive concept is applicable to other kinds of equipment. Furthermore, since the mechanism of keyboard type tape perforators is Well-known in the art, only those parts will be shown as are necessary to an understanding of the invention. Accordingly in the drawings,

Fig. l is a schematic diagram of a code transme lating system embodying features of the lnven tion.

Fig. 2 is a view of part o the translator mechanisrn of Fig. l.

Fig. 3 is a View, partly sectional, oi a translated machine according to the invention with the section taken along the line 3 3 ci Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a .detailed view of the upper case and lower case control of Figs. 2 and 3.

Fig. 5 is a bottom view of Fig. 3 with the base ol' the machine removed and with certain other parts removed for the sake oi clarity.

Fig. 6 is a detailed view oi the armature locking mechanism.

Fig. I is a detailed perspective view of the code bar locking mechanism.

Fig. 8 is a detailed view taken in section along the line B--B of Fig. 3.

Fig. 9 is a top-plan view of part of the selector mechanism of Fig. 3.

Referring to Fig. 1, there is shown a generalized schematic form a system for automatically translating a ve-unit code perforated tape into a two-unit perforated tape. In this figure. the tape periorator I may be of any well-known type such as the Teletype five-unit keyboard perforator" or the Creed iive-unit keyboard perforator whereby the operation of a letter or other character key results in the production of a combination of perforations in the telegraph tape 2, these combinations being arranged transversely of the width of the tape. The code used in perforating tape 2 may be of the five-unit or Baudot type such as is used generally in so-called Teletype page printer transmission. Tape 2 is fed into a transmitter 3 whereby the perforations are translated into corresponding rive-unit code combinations of electrical impulses that are impressed upon the signalling line L. It will be understood of course that the tape 2 may be omitted and the device 3 may be a keyboard transmitter such for example as that embodied in the well-known Model 15 Teletype page printer manufactured by Western Electric Company. In this latter case the operation of a key results in the impression of code combination of impulses on the line L without the intermediary o! a perforated tape such as the tape 2.

The ve-unit code impulse combinations are received from line L and are applied to the line from control magnet 9 of a code translator mechanism 4 which includes a live-unit code selector mechanism which automatically controls a tape perforator 5 of the two-unit or other type. The mechanisms 4 and 5 are interlocked and timed so that as a result of the selective setting of the five-unit code devices of mechanism 4, one of a plurality of corresponding perforator control bars or keys 6 is operated resulting in the perforation of tape I with a two-unit code series of perforatlons. Tape 1 is then used to control a twounit code tape transmitter 8 whereby two-unit code current impulses can be applied to a suitable transmission channel LI which may be a land line, a cable or a radio telegraph channel. With this arrangement, it will be seen that the originating five-unit code signals are automatically translated into a two-unit code without the intervention of a manual operator. However, in order that the parts 4 and 5 may function properly, it is necessary to connect them so that the selective setting of mechanism 4 is not interfered with by mechanism 5 and vice versa. Furthermore, if the machine 3 is of the two-case type,

that is it transmits a special signal for upper case and a special signal for lower case characters and ii' the perforator mechanism 5,is of the four-row keyboard type for provision for upper and lower case, special means must be provided to differentiate between the lower and upper case characters. In accordance with the invention, a special form of upper and lower case control is therefore provided between the mechanisms 4 and 5 as will be described in detail hereinbelow.

As pointed out above, the machine consists in general of a keyboard perforator KP, which is interconnected with a translating mechanism responsive to ve-unit code combinations of impulses. The keyboard perforator KP may be of any well-known type, for example a Kleinschmidt keyboard perforator" such as described on pages 390 to 394 of a book by T. E. Herbert, entitled Telegraphy," 5th edition (1930), published by Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd.. London, England; or a Creed keyboard perforator" such as described on pages 395 to 400 of said book or as described in British Patent No. 191,093. The translating mechanism is in general similar in structure to the selective mechanism described in detail in U. S. Patent No. 1,904,164 and provided with a base plate I on which most of the operating parts are supported either directly or by suitable brackets and standards. For the purpose of clarity, the various supporting brackets and standards are omitted from the drawing. The translating mechanism is controlled by a selector magnet 9 which is attached in any suitable manner to a bracket or other support carried by the base I. Magnet 9 has an armature I2 which is xed to a substantially U-shaped 1ever I3, and is supported ior pivotal motion on stud I4 adjacent the armature. Spring I5 connects the armature I2 to an adjustable screw (not shown). When magnet I5 is energized the armature is attracted against the tension of spring I5 and assumes the position shown in Fig. 1.

The free end of lever I3 is substantially T- shaped and has a pair of integral arms 22, 23 extending at right angles to the body of the lever I3. These arms 22, 23 extend past a series of live selector arms or swords 26, each of which has a pair of lingers 24, 25, whereby the sword can be positioned either against the fixed stop 24a or against the xed stop 25a.

The five selector swords 26 are formed of thin flat members separated by thin flat guide plates whereby the swords can be oscillated while being retained in .their parallel alignment. The guide plates are mounted on suitable studs Il supported from frame I and are spaced apart by suitable washers I8. The swords are arranged to undergo a compound movement, the rst part of which is reciprocatory and the second part of which is a rocking movement, and the manner of controlling and eiiecting these two movements will be described hereinbelow. Each sword has associated therewith a T-shaped rocking lever 29 so that the knife 28 of the sword is adapted to engage the said lever 29 and lock it clockwise or counter clockwise as seen in Fig 1. Levers 29 like swords 2S are arranged between the guide plates 21 and are mounted for rocking movement 0n a stud 3|, each lever comprising three arms 32, 33, 34. The arms 34 are rounded and each is arranged to iit in a notch in a corresponding one of the iive code bars 56-60. These code bars are mounted in spaced parallel relation for relative sliding movement, and for this purpose they are provided with slots Bla, 62a, through which pass the supporting studs BI, 62, whereby said code bars are capable of limited sliding movement under control of the associatedv members 26 and 29.

The code bars 56-60 are arranged to be Set in different positional combinations in accordance with different code signals of the live-unit code combination type, and the upper edges of the said bars are so notched that for any given selective setting of the bars, only one of the perforator operating bars 63 can fall in to the aligned notches in the code bars. Each perforator operating bar 63 has a spring 2 I3 (Fig. 5) normally tending to pull the free end towards the code bars, the other end being suitably pivoted. The bars 63 are intended to replace the usual manually operated key bars (shown in dotted outline in Fig. 3) of the usual type of keyboard tape perforator such for example as the Creed or Kleinschmidt keyboard perforator referred to above or as disclosed in British Patent No. 191,093. Consequently, the operation of a bar 63 under control of the code bars 56-60 will cause the tape perforator to go through its cycle of operations in the same way as if the corresponding key on the perforator had been operated manually. Since the mechanism of the keyboard perforator is well-known, its structure is represented schematically in Fig. 3 by the block KP and the common starting contact C which responds to the operation of any character key in the perforator is indicated schematically in the drawings.

The power for operating the sword and code bar selecting mechanism of the translator is supplied by a motor 12 (Fig. 4) through a pinion 13 fastened to the motor shaft 14 and a wormwheel 15 keyed to the main timing and control shaft 16. Shaft 'I8 is `iournaled in suitable antifriction bearings supported in suitable side frames (not shown) attached to base I. Mounted upon shaft 18 near one end thereof is a cam barrel 82 which is frictionally connected to main shaft 16 through suitable clutch members to be described. Cam barrel 82 has arranged spirally therearound a series of cam fingers 83, one for each of a corresponding set of bell cranks 84 (Fig. 2), the said fingers serving successively to rotate the bell cranks about their common pivot 90, thus reciprocating in succession the corresponding swords 26 as the cam barrel rotates. For this purpose, each of the swords has a circular shaped bearing 81 fitted in a corresponding socket in the associated bell crank 84. In addition to this rectilinear motion, the swords 26 have a lateral swinging movement between the studs 24a, 25a. Springs 86 associated with levers 84 normally hold the swords 26 in their forward positions l whereby they engage the T levers 29. Thus each .code bar is` held in one of two positions corresponding to the position of its selector sword 26.

The arms or abutments 22, 23, on armature lever |3, are positioned below arms 24, of the swords, but are not as widely spaced so that as the armature lever I3 is oscillated in response to the received code signals, the abutments 22, 23. correspondingly move into and out of alignment with arms 24, 25. Abutments 22, 23 therefore cooperate with arms 24, 25, so that by the conjoint reciprocating action caused by the engagement of bell cranks 84 with cams 83, and the oscillating movement of armature I3 by magnet 9, levers 29 are oscillated successively either in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction with a corresponding setting of the associated codeA bars 56-60.

As each signal unit is received from line L, the magnet 9 responds to one of its two electrical conditions and selectively holds its armature lever I3, while one of the swords 26 is reciprocated by a cam 83 on the barrel 82. ' I'he arms 24 and 25 are brought in cooperative relation with abutments 22, 23, at the corresponding signal intervals whereby the selector swords 26 are set in the desired combination.

The cam barrel 82 (Fig. 3) which times the setting of the selector swords 28, is driven from shaft 16 through a friction clutch' including two pairs of friction discs 88, 88a, 89, 89a, between which are located the friction washers 92. Disc 88 is rigidly attached to shaft 16 while discs 88a and 99a are rigidly fastened to the cam barrel 82, it being understood that the cam barrel is sleeved loosely on shaft 18. The fourth disc 89 is splined to shaft 18 for sliding movement thereon. In order to adjust the desired frictional relation between the cam barrel 82. discs 88. 89 and washers 92, lthere are provided a helical spring 93 and an adjustable stop collar 94. Attached to cam barrel 92 is a stop arm 95 which has an integral bent endarranged to engage a lug 96 on the lower end of a U-shaped stop gate 91 which has another arm adapted to be engaged by a latch 99 pivoted at |0| to a journal block |02. Block |02 is fastened to an adjusting arm |03 by means of a pivot stud |04 which is clamped to a ilxed plate |05. Arm |03 carries an adjusting knob .'34 which' protrudes through the slotted plate |04a having an index to show the position of arm |03. The spring |08 extending from gate 91 to the frame tends to v rotate the gate 91 whereby the latter tends to engage with the stop arm 95, however the engagement between latch 99 and the gate end 95 prevents the gate rotating.

The pivot stud |04 and th'e lower end 99a of latch 99 are in alignment with the axis of shaft 16. .Spring |01 is compressed between the latch 99 and adjusting plate |03 whereby the end of the latch 99 is held in engagement with the gate arm a. A trip member in the form of a bell crank |08 is pivotally mounted on block |09 which is carried by plate |05. One end of member |08 engages the end 99a of the latch at a` point in line with the axis of shaft 18 and stud |04.

The plunger extending through block |09 is adapted to engage the bell crank |08 and is adapted to be engaged by the head I2 of a screw ||2a mounted on the end of armature lever |3 (Fig. 2). The starting of the selecting mechanism in operation is controlled by Athe rst line impulse in the case of a normally open line, or

by a spacing impulse in the case of a normally closed line. In the latter case th'e magnet 9 is deenergized and the movement of armature lever |3 under control of spring |5 causes screw head ||2 to operate plunger ||I thus rocking bell crank |08. Bell crank |08 engages the end 99a of latch 99 whereby said latch disengages itself from ga-te 91. Gate 91 thereupon is free to rotate by reason of the pressure of arm 95 thereagainst. The cam barrel 82 thereupon rotates to execute 4a complete cycle of controlling operations. It will be understood that prior to reception of the above described starting impulse, the cam barrel 82 is prevented from rotating by engagement of members 95 and 91, the clutch member 88 and 89 slipping. Upon th'e release of latch 91 as above described, the cam barrel is released for rotation with shaft 18. As soon as arm 95 passes end 98, the gate 91 will be rotated by its spring |06. As signal code impulses are received, latch 99 will be vibrated but without any effect. At the end of each code combination of five impulses, a stop impulse of a marking nature is received whereby the screw head |2 is withdrawn from engagement with plunger permitting spring |01 to operate latch 99 and bell crank 08 as a resul-tl of Iwhich latch 99 is free to engage the arm 95a of the gate. Stop arm 95 will then engage the end 96 of the gate and will rotate the latter against the tension of spring |08 until it engages latch 99, thus stopping further movement of the gate. The parts are so arranged that the cam barrel 32 is positively arrested by gate 91 at the termination of each cycle and is substantially instantaneously released by the starting movement of amature lever I3. The latching arrangement described permits the gate 91 to be adjusted with' respect to the rotation of the main shaft so that the engagement of the first selective cam 03 with its cooperating bell crank 34 will occur during the most favorable portion of the received signalling impulse. Should the first signal impulse be a marking one, magnet 9 will be energized at the same time that the first cam 03 operates member 84, as a result of which the sword 20 is moved to its marking position to correspondingly set the associated code bar 50--60. If the rst signailing impulse is a spacing one, the amature |2 remains in its spacing position after the first starting impulse. The first selective cam 03 will then operate its associated bell crank 04 causing the first sword 26 to be adjusted to spacing position. In other words, by the conjoint action of the deenergization of the magnet 9 and the action of the cams 33. the code bars are moved selectively to marking position; whereas the action of cams 03 when the magnet 9 is energized results in moving the code bars to spacing positions. It will be understood of course that th'e incoming impulses of the code combinations are synchronized or timed with respect to the cams 03 so that the latter perform their mechanical setting functions during the most favorable portion of each of the corresponding signal impulses. When the parts have been adjusted to achieve this correlation between the received electrical impulses and th'e successive action of cams 03 with their respective levers 04, it is desirable to provide means for locking the armature |3 in one of the other of its selective positions. Preferably, this locking action takes place slightly in advance of the portion of each signal impulse cycle during which the setting of members 26 is affected.

Thus as shown in Fig. 6, the locking device comprises a lever 10 pivoted on stud 90 so that it is guided between the two outer guide plates 21. Lever 10 has a tooth |00 which is held in Contact with a toothed cam |20 by a tension spring ||0, cam |20 being fastened to the barrel 82 for rotation therewith. Cam |20 has a series of five teeth |30 whereby lever 10 is oscillated during each cycle of rotation of shaft 10. Lever 10 also lhas formed thereon a hook-shaped arm terminating in a knife edge |40 adapted to cooperate with a corresponding knife edge |60 carried by the armature lever I3. When tooth engages the high portion of a cam. tooth |30, knife edge |40 is slightly out of the path of movement of knife edge |60. However, when tooth |00 clears tooth |30, the knife edges |40 and |60 will abut each other, thus holding armature lever I3 either in its marking position or in its spacing position.

The number of teeth |30 is equal to the number of selecting intervals of each signal which in the mechanism shown employs a five-unit code. The teeth |30 are so spaced that the locking device is quickly shifted into engagement with armature lever at definite points in each revolution or setting 'cycle of cam 82. Consequently, the armature is locked in either of its selective positions just prior to the engagement of members 24 and 25 with corresponding members 22 and 23, and the setting of the respective code bars is definitely determined at the proper portion of the signal impulse.

The operation of the perforator KP (Figs. 3 and 5) including the operation of the upper and lower case mechanism thereof, is controlled by a main bail 200 which is attached to the forward end of a plunger 20|. Plunger 20| is mounted for reciprocating motion in a bearing sleeve 202 attached rigidly to the frame of the perforator KP. Plunger 20| is reciprocated by a lever 203, the end 206 of which passes through an elongated slot 205 in bearing 202 and engages in a notch in the plunger 20|. Pivotally mounted on shaft 204 which extends transversely to the main shaft 15, is a bell crank 201 provided with an adjusting screw 208 for adjusting the contact between the members 203 and 201. A spring 200 has one end fastened to the lever 203 and the other end to a rigid part of the frame whereby the cam follower roller 2I0 carried by bell crank 201 is maintained in engagement with the main iiterlock and timing cam 2|I fastened to shaft Cam 2|I is so designed that at the end of each revolution of shaft 16 the follower 2| 0 will engage the high portion of cam 2| thereby holding main bail 200 in the position shown in Fig. 3 against the tension of spring 209. As the cam 2|| revolves, the follower 2|0 will ride against the low portion of the cam thus allowing the main bail 200 to be pulled forward by spring 200. Each of the operating bars 63 of the perforator (corresponding to the usual key bars shown in dotted outline), is provided with an inclined under edge 2|'2 adapted to rest on the bail 200, and the forward end of each bar 63 normally tends to assume a downward position under the action of its associated spring 2| 3. Consequently as bail 200 moves to the right (Fig. 3), all the perforator operating bars 63 Will be pulled against the edges of the code bars SIS- 60. However, as a result of the previous selective setting of the said code bars under control of magnet 9 as above described, there will be one aligned set of notches in the code bars whereby only one of the operating bars 63 will be moved downwardly further than the rest, so as to fall into the said aligned code bar notches. As a result of the operation of bar 63 corresponding to the selected character, a common starting contact C is closed whereby the operation of the perforator KP is initiated and the perforation of the tape with the desired two-unit code is effected as described in detail in said British Patent No. 191,093. It will be understood of course that the cam 2|| is arranged so that bars E3 do not approach the code bars until slightly after the selective setting of the said bars, and the perforator KP is adjusted so that it completes its cycle of operations to effect perforation of the tape before the code bars 56--00 are reset in accordance with the next set of character impulses.

After the tape has been perforated, the iollower 2|0 will again ride on the high portion of cam 2|| thus bringing bail 200 back to its lefthand position (Fig. 3) and all the operating bars 63 of the perforator are raised to clear the code bars 56--60 which are thereupon free to move in either direction in response to the next selective setting. The above cycle of operation is/ completed for each successive setting of the code bars, it being understood of course that the perforator KP feeds the tape automatically after each perforating operation as described in said British patent.

Locking of the code bars During the interval that the perforator KP is undergoing its cycle of operations, it is necessary that the code bars 56-6Il be locked in their selectively set positions. This is accomplished by a locking bar 2M (Figs. 2, 5 and '1) which is similar to the bar 63 and is provided with an inclined edge 2I5 which cooperates with the bail 200 so that itis raised and lowered in unison with the bars 83. Each of the code bars is provided with a pair of notches 2I6, 2H. whereby the lever 2H can lock the bars in their selectively set position regardless of whether they are set for marking or spacing.v 1

Upper and lower case control of perforator lecting mechanism includes a sixth code bar 2I9 (Figs. 3 and 4) which is so notched and arranged for sliding movement that in one position it allows lower case codes to be perforated in the tape 'l (Fig. 1) while in the other position it allows upper case codes to be perforated. Bar 2I9 is narrower than the code bars as shown in Figs. 3 and 7, so that it can slide even when the locking bar I4 is in its locking position and independently of the code bars. Thebar 2l9 is shown in Fig. 4 in its left-hand position corresponding to upper case control of the perforator. The bar 2I9 is locked in this upper case position by means of a pawl 220 pivoted at 22| and held in downward position by a compression spring 222. Pawl 220 is adapted to slide over the inclined edge 223 when bar 2|9 is moved to the left, whereupon the said pawl latches with detent 224. Mounted-above the left-hand end of pawl 220 is an operating bar 225 similar to bars 63 with the exception that while bar 225 moves downwardly under control of spring 226 (Fig. 5), when bail 200 is moved to the right (Fig. 3) nevertheless it does not close the circuit of the control magnet in the perforator as is done when the operating bars 63 move down as above described. The sixth bar 2I9 is arranged with respect to the other code bars (Fig. 2) so that when a code combination of impulses representing lower case is applied to magnet 9, all the six code bars are set so that their notches are aligned, thus allowing bar 225 to descend under control of spring 226. Bar 225 in descending engages pawl 220 whereby bar 2 I9 is moved to the right (Fig. 4) by spring 221. In-this position, bar 2 I9 is in lower case, and the. receipt of lower case character signals will result in perforating lower case character codes in the tape in machine KP. When it is desired to change back to upper case characters, the receipt of an upper case code combination causes the live code bars to be set so that the upper case control bar 228 (Figs. 2, 4 and 5) can descend, and in descending it engages the member 229 which is in alignment with the right-hand end of bar 2I9 and pivoted at 230. Member 229 is normally held from engagement with bar 2 I9 by retractile K spring 23|. However, when upper case control bar 228 descends, it rotates member 229 and the arm 232 engages bar 2|9 to move it towards the left whereupon it is locked in this position by pawl 220. Consequently, the receipt of code combinations by magnet 8 with the bar 2|9 locked in this position, will result in the perforation of upper case character codes in the tape 1.

While certain specific mechanisms and apparatus have been disclosed herein, it will be understood that various changes and modiiications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, while a translating mechanism is shown for converting a five-unit code combination tape into a two-unit code tape, it will be understood that the perforating mechanism KP may be such as to produce code perforations of diierent type from the two-unit code. Thus the translater mechanism may be used to control any Well-known form of keyboardperforator by replacing the key levers of the perforator or rigidly attaching to the key levers corresponding individual operating arms 63' as above described. x

While in the foregoing, referencce has been made to a ve unit code, it will be understood that it is intended to include the well-known start-stop" live-unit code which consists of ve selecting impulses or signal units in various combinations of current and no-current intervals. Each group of ve selecting impulses is preceded by a start impulse and followed by a stop impulse whereby synchronism between the transmitting machine and the translating unit described, can be maintained.

What I claim is:

1. A machine for automatically translating a live-unit telegraph code into a two-unit cede comprising a main timing shaft, a cam barrel driven by said shaft, a set of code bars, shiftable means between said barrel and said bars for operating said bars conjointly by received liveunit code impulses and by said cams, a plurality of perforator control bars mounted in intersecting relation with said code bars, a main bail normally holding said'control bars out of engagement with said code bars, and a cam controlled by said shaft for moving said bail whereby said control bars engage said code bars.

2. A machine for translating a live-unit telegraph code into a two-unit code comprising five code bars arranged to be set in permutable cornbinations in response to code impulses representing character signals and also in response to code impulses representing upper and lower case signals, a sixth bar having two selective positions, means responsive to the selective setting of said iive code bars for upper case function to move said sixth bar to upper case position, and means responsive to the selective setting of said ve codev bars for lower case function to move said sixth bar to lower case position.

3. In combination, a tape perforator having a plurality of character bars, an upper case control bar, a lower case control bar, a live-unit code translator having ve code bars arranged to be selectively set in response to character signals and in response to upper and lower case signals, a sixth bar shiftable by said upper and lower case control bars, said sixth bar effective in one position to allow said perforator to perforate upper case characters and effective in another position to allow said perforator to perforate lower case characters.

4. In combination, a tape periorator having a plurality of character bars, a live-unit code translator includins ilve code bars arranged to be selectively set in response to character signais and in response to upper and lower case signais. a sixth bar for controlling the upper and lower case functioning oi said perforator, means eective when said tive code bars are set in response to a lower case signal to set said sixth bar in lower case position. and means eil'ective in response to an upper case setting of said flve code bars to shift said sixth bar to upper case position.

5. The combination according to claim 4 in which said nve code bars and said sixth bar are mounted in parallel spaced position for selective longitudinal sliding movement.

6. The combination according to claim 4 in which said sixth code bar is provided with locking means for maintaining it in its set position until the receipt of a case change signal.

7. The combination according to claim 4 in which said code bars are provided with means to lock them temporarily in set position while the xtiiertorator is undergoing its perforating opera- FRANK ZUREK.

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