US1284939A - Fuel-briquet. - Google Patents

Description

entrain snares earner orrrcia CHARLES nowann srrrrrr, or SHORT HILLS, NEW JERSEY, AssIeNon 'ro tarnisnarrower. coat. r aonuors CORPORATION, or nrcrnvroivn, VIRGINIA, a oonro RATIGN or vrnernie.

FU-EL-BRIQUET.

menses...

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Nov. 312, was.

No Drawing. Original application. filed Npuenrber 15, 1916, Serial No. 131,434, (now. Patent No. 1.2%,15-"19, dated August 20, 193.8,.).-- Dividedand this application filemLJuly 18, 1918. Serial No. 245,455.

- To all wkomiif may concern."

-Bait known that I, C AnLns. HOWARD SMITH, a citizen of the UnitedStates and a resident of Short Hills, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Fuel-Briquets, of which the following is a specification.

'llhe invention relates to briquets and in its broader aspect; it is directed to briquets composed principally, if not wholly, of partially carbonized coal and in which, the

' hydrocarbon volatile content. of the briquet isapproximately from eleven per cent.

(11%) to seventeen per cent, (17%) of. the weight of thabriquet.

According to. a. more. specific aspect of the. invention it is directed to briquets made rinc'ipally from partially carbonized coal at, also including hydrocarbon binding material, such as pitch. In the making'of the briquetsjust referred to uniformly but partially carbonized coal having a hydrocarbon volatile content of generally less than ten per. cent. (10%) to eleven per cent. [(11%) is employed. Pitch or other suitable hydrocarbon binding material is mixed with .this'partially carbonized coal until the hydro- Qarbon volatile matter in the mixture of the artially carbonized coal and hydrocarbon hinderapproximates the desired amount, as from eleven per cent. (11%) to seventeen per cent.v (17%). into a mesh preferably as by the aid of steam which may be employed during'a fiuxing operation and from this mash the desired pressed briquets are made by moldmg. p

The invention which is thebasis of the present application is clearly described in my United States Letters Patent No. 1,- 276,429 dated August 20, 1918, entitled Briquets and meth d of making the same.

The present application is a division of said 1 patent. v

The briquets whichare the basis of the present invention can be readily made from a high volatile fuel, for example, a raw coal having as high as thirty-six per cent. (36%)- volatile matter and fifty-five per cent. of fixed carbon. They can be employed as raw briquets but they are particularly adaptable for use in the making of carbonized briquets wherein the volatile content Said mixture is formed.

of the final briquet is as low as two and onehalf per cent. (2:}%) or less. By proper heat treatment these final briquets can be made so as to each, have a firm, coherent structure and with the percentages of volatile matter above mentioned. By the proper heat treat-v ment the final briquets will have the same shape as the raw briquets, although .it will be noted that a substantial shrinkage takes place during said heating Which is a carbonizing operation. One way in which the briquets can be made having approximately eleven per cent. (11%) to seventeen per 1 ing the coalis preferably mixed and agitated in such a manner that the. resulting. product from theretort is a dry, soft, uniformly distilled or partially carbonized coal residue,

or semi-coke as some. might call it.- This residue at the. end of the heating operation may, for example, contain only. five per cent. (5%) hydrocarbon volatile matter-therein. It is not necessary, however, to carry the heating to a point where the volatile. matter will be lowered to the percentage just mentioned, as the pointy where .thelheating is stopped is dependent more or less -I1p0n the coal being treated and the product desired for the making ,of the particular briouet required.

This coal residue is rendered in finely divided orpulverized form as byv crushing, and to it there is added pitch. for example crushed pitch in finely divided form, until in the resulting mixture there is contained hydrocarbon volatile matter which approximates from eleven per cent. (11%) to .seventeen per cent. (17%), the amount of pitch added being dependent upon the persteam and it will here be noted that the pitch can be added during the fiuxing operation or previous thereto. Other hydrocarbon bearirg materials than pitch (ould be employed to supply this volatile hydrocarbon bindcr.. The result of the fluxing operation is a mash. The word mash used herein is employed to designate a mass of crushed or finelydivided partially distilled coal havirg intermixed therewith water or hydrocarbon volatile matter in liquid or plastic form whereby there results a soft mixture of plastic material that can be readily molded into briquets. The mash is then formed bv pressure into hriquets having the desired size and shape and thereafter these briquets can be employed either directly, as for the purpose of supporting ombustion, or they can be carbonized to make the firm, coherent. low volatile carbonized briquets pre iously referred to.

lVh le the partially carbonized coal employed in the making of raw briquets is described above as being made from high volatile coal, still it will be manifest that the invention is not limited to the employment of partially carbonized coal resulting from the heating of a high volatile coal, as coals having less hydrocarbon volatile could be employed to provide the partially carbonized coal in case they contained enough hydrocarbon volatile to permit thepreliminary partial carbonization or distillation necessary to produ e the desired coal residue from which to make the raw briquets.

According to a broader aspect of the invention the carbonizing of the raw coal may be only enough to leave in the coal approximately from eleven per cent. (11%) to seventeen per cent. (17 hydrocarbon volatile matter whereby the necessity for add ing hydrocarbon volatile matter, such as pitch, could be avoided. In such a case. however, this partially carbonized coal might be rendered in finely divided form and made into raw briquets having the desired percentage of hydrocarbon volatile matter therein whereby the desired results can be realized, although it will be understood that, according to the preferred or more specific embodiment of the invention,

employment is made of the pitch which has many qualities that are advantageous in briquets of the kind in question.

It will be manifest that the invention can be readilyrealized in various forms and way without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.

What I claim is:

1. A briquet formed of a partially carbonized coal and binder, as pitch, and having a volatile content of approximately from eleven per cent. (11%) to seventeen per cent. 2. A briquet formed largely of partially carbonized coal and in which the hydrocarbon content of the briquet approximates from eleven per cent. (11%) to seventeen per cent. (17%).

3. A briquet.comprising partially carbonized coal which provides fixed carbon and hydrocarbon volatile matter and mixed therewith hydrocarbon binding material which provides hydrocarbon volatile matter so that the hydrocarbon volatile matter in the briquet approximates from eleven per cent. (11%) to seventeen per cent. (17%) of the weight of the briquet.

4:. A briquet which comprises partially distilled coal and which briquet has from eleven per cent. (11%) to seventeen per cent. (17%) hydrocarbon volatile matter therein.

5. A briquet comprising finely divided uniformly but partially distilled coal residue with which there is mixed pitch until the hydrocarbon matter in the mixture approximates from eleven per cent; (11%) to seventeen per cent. (17%).

6. A briquet having dry, soft, finely divided, partially carbonized coal residue and in which briquet the percentagepf hydrocarbon volatile matter approximates from eleven per cent. (11%) to seventeen per cent. (17%).

This specification signed and witnessed this 17th day of July, 1918.

. CHARLES HOWARD SMITH.

Signed in the presence of G. MCGRANN, W. C. MARGESON.