US1284074A - Apparatus for solidification or evaporation. - Google Patents

Description

F. 1. nu Pom* APPARATUS FOR 'SGLIDIFICAHMl 0E EVAPORATIGDL .APPLiCATlON FILED SEPT. 55. NH31 u Q3 wm@ mio z 'n g). @633x mi; s atteinte-1 F. I. DU PONT.

APPARATUS FOR SOLIDI'FICATION 0R EVAPORATION. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. I6. I9I3- '1 ,284,074. Patented Nov. 5, 1918.

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i UNITED STATES e EETENT OEEIGE PitwANcrs I. mi PONT, OP WILMINGJPON,` nnLAvvAnn,AssiGNon,iY Assiiva/ MENTS, 'ro n LDU. PONT DE NEMOURS AND WARE.

To iZZAwh'om it may concern: n

lBeit known that I, FRANCIS I; nu PONT, of llVilrning'fton', in thecounty of New Castle, and in the State 'of Delaware, have invented a `*certain new and useful Improvementyin Apparatus for Solidiic'ation lor lEvaporag tion,v and do hereby declare that the following is a 2ul.l,-"elear, v`andfexact description thereof. y A.My invention relates to a process for solidication. or evaporation of`n1ate`rials of many' dideront kinds l"andto' an apparatus used gin, co `nJ:1 ecti`on therewith. 1 While my invention isk 'capalfleof l-applic'ation tothe s'olidication orvevaporation of many difierent aterials-` andvin many. diie'rentiarts, it is especially useful -inj connection with the evaporation-Of explosives.. b

The"olojectpf my invention is to provide a.y process' j and apparatus for" evaporation in thej manner 'above' indicated, which 'may be used 'to carry "outa rapidevaporation of the materials treated and WlVIClIS GXCGB-igly Simpleboth to' the process involved and.

as 7to' -the apparatus Fused. :I "My invention' is suchl also that the I evaporation may.' be car-f rid out continuously and without any .danger tof interruption' due Sto' failure of the process Yand apparatus "to work inthev manner intended: Myinvention sapplieable especially,-@as indicated above; tothe evaporat'onfof explosivesg'fandfin this connection it is applicable noti only toV the evaporation of liquids containingundissolvedv solids, but

also to the evaporation offexplosives entirely' di'ssolved'in a l'liquid or fliquids. In the latter connectionl "t `is.-v especially applicable tdthe levaporation of solutions of vwater solible explosives.AAV n .For the purposeI of illustration, .they processr and` apparatuswmay belus'edfin connection 'withthe evaporation of. explosive mixtures or solutions ffrriade in the following maner.- 1 f I- As one example of such a mixturel'may use a compositioncom-prising 73% of nitrate O soda, 11% of sulfur and.l6% of charcoal. These; ingredients are mixed with an equal weightoi'waten f i Asfanotherv example,l may apply my invention to the evaporation vof a water solubleexplosive mixture Acomprising?an oxygen carrier'lsuch as one ofthe nitrates of sodium, potassium. and` ammonium, Or a chlorate, sich? for example as potassium chlorate,

Specicaton of LettersiPatent.

APPARATUS Pon SOLIDIPIOA'PION on EvAPOnA'rON.

andan organic material such as one of the sodium or potassium salts; ot the sulfonic acids of' variousvhydrocarbons, such for instance as sodiunrbenzol sulfonlate 0r sodium cresolsulfonate. These ingredients maygloe dissolved in any desiredproportions in a desired. characteristics.l s

:Inorder toevaporate one. of the materials abovefreferred toi in 'accordance with my invention-,jas for examplaone of the orated an .explosive composition having the explosive mixtures :or solutions above.,V ref ferredfto, .may make use of .many diierent types. of apparatusfmadel in accordancewith my p f. invention.

,Figure ll isla plan viewpartly'in sectionl of an. .apparatus made `in. accordance with my invention,

;;]5`i, r..2` isa transverse verticalfsection' through a portion thereof, .Online 2-.-2,"

j is an"A enlargement of adetailv therein, A y

riait is a ateiepmntofnthe guter auf;

face of .the cone carrying the groovesV ap' pearingY in the precedingiigures, and y' :.Fi'g.r5..-is a cross-sectionfofa detail of inwardly projecting varms w-or supports. 3f

carrying a truste-conical :shell E4. 'The--in-v ner surface of the shell .4 is providedy with a circuitous passageway .tolreceivea current f of. steam or other? heat Ltransferring medium which is fed lto the. same'throuL h an inlet and exhaustedV frointhe. same meansof an voutlet .7. The circuitousfpassageway 5 is .covered'by aconical shell 8 of any desiredmaterial but preferablyof-copper whichserves the purposeffprimarilyof providing upon its .interiora ,surfacefor solidifying onevaporation andalso Vas a means for; confining -the heat '1 transferring medium within thelcircuitous passageway 5.- The shell 8, as will hel seen hereinafter, forms the wall separatinglthe lheat transfer-ring mediumy from 'the material to besolidiiied orl evaporated. As indicated in the accompanying drawings, :the ends lof the COMPANY,l A CORPORATION OP DELA;-

Patented Nov. "5,l 1918.Y

Yappiic'anionanni sepfeniber 16,'191a! sefiaiNoQ'zeo'pss;

'For'.the' purpose o. illus-j tration, however, have shownon'e'formofi apparatus in the accompanying drawings,i

openingy 13 toreceive -the material to be evaporated whileffthe' endclosure 12 may "be" provided with anv outlet-opening lei, Withv.

in the interior of the shell 8 I provide a truste-conical drum, -15 which-'has a plurality of spirally arranged ridges 16 to form between the same apluralit vof similarlyglocated grooves 17. As will e seen by 15 reference to `Fig. 3, the grooves 17 areclosed at the small end ofthe drum while they remain .open atthewlarge end of the' drum):

4lhegydrun'i isa-furthermore 'so arranged that the tops of the ridges 16 lie closely adjacent,A

20 to the inner" surface'of the shell 8 and the grooves 17 at the smaller end of the drum connect withan annular passageway 18, situated `in theend closure ll'and communicatingf-Wththe inlet opening 13. yThe grooves'y 17are preferably madedeeper and wider at the larger end-of the drum 15 in order that, inthe-evaporation of liquids vfrom 'the material-beingtreated, the larger amounts :of gases or vapors present at the outlet ends ofthe grooves, 4-17 ymay bee/properly accommov dated. '..The'solidiied materialsfwhich pass out from the larger ends of grooves 17 arethrown' by centrifugal force into the large.` end .closure y 12- and are there rotated byfm'eans of vanes19 attached to the'interior of the drum l5, around the inner periphery'of the end closure 12'until they' are discharged, from the outlet opening 14.' The drum 15 is supported upon'and rotated by 40 means of a shaft 20c-carried in journals 21 situated upon the main frame. One end of the shaft20'is arranged with a thrust bearingfcomprising an annular fiange'22 sup-I ported between twoj sets ofball bearings located respectively `on Vopposite sides thereof and'carrled vin an outer lshell formed by a sleeve '23 and a prisesa'transverse plate 26 which hasa plu? rality of apertures27; to permit the passage of. airv and thus amaintaini the" dru'm --at :la

r slightlydiferent: temperature from the outer lS11li1 A lnfrcarrying..outmy:process, as forexample,-in connection with' theuse of the apparatils-abov'e described, Ifmay proceed "as follows:Assuming that-it is ydesired-to being then retained in pla'te 24' covering the same; Thesleeve 23 is screw-threaded uponan ex# 'evaporate a solution of aneizplosive, af'composition such as that referred to above and being dissolved in water is led into the evap- `orating apparatus through-the inlet opening 13. From this y point, the composition to be evaporated is fed through the annular passageway 18 to the spiral grooves 17. The

Vapparatus has been previously heated-and is 'maintained at-,qthe' proper temperature by which is `rotatingat the ldesiredf speed, itis thrown by centrifugal force into contact withthe shell 8, the temperaturel of whichis such as to evaporate the liquid;containedin` the composition. 'The evaporation'of the liquid results in the deposition of the solids uponthe inner face of the vshell 8 'which' solids arecontinually removedtherefrom by( 9 0 the .ridges 16 owingftothe rotationof the drum. VThe solid materials thus formed are conveyed toward the-largerend of thedrum 15 under the f centrifugal., 'action in fthe grooves 17 untiltheyy are discharged-from 95 the grooves 17' and reach' the interior of the end closure -12 `in whichthey are carried around, centrii.iug ;allybythe vanes y19` until they are discharged/through the outletfpas'-V sagewayll.' The steam whichqis formed within the grooves 17 is also conducted toward the larger end of the drum 15q the grooves being larger at thel largerr end of the drum toT accommodate the .increasing quantity of steam as it passes outwardly yin this'direction. The steam thus formed' es'-V capes,` fromr the apparatus eitherthrough the outlet let-or axially throughv thefcenter of the end closure 12, or it may be conducted "awayl in-any other suit'able-manner.v The 1'10 apertures 27 in the'pla'te 26 are'preferably provided so as to maintain the temperature offthe grooves 17 inthe drum 15 slightly lower than the temperaturevof ythe shell 8 so that thereby thelgroovesrl7 are main- 115 tained somewhat Vmoist so ylon'gas there is any liquid not' yet evaporated, so'that thereby the'deposition 'of solids within the grooves 17 is avoided. By adjustment of the thrust bearing carried upon theend of the shaft 20, the drum may beadjusted longitudinally' Within the'shell 8 whenever desired so as to adjust the'distance between the ridges 16V and the shell 8, and so as'to' takeup Vsaid distance owing t0' any. vwearV of the parts.

As pointed out above, my inventiony is capable of application to" :many different arts and in vmany different ways.' Forexample, it is not necessarily limited't'o' evap# orationvbut -may'beapplied also to solidi- 130 cation by the use of cooling mediums. It is also not necessarily limited to evaporation to produce solidiication, but may be also applied advantageously to evaporation for LBO the purpose of concentration. It will be realized that the principles of operation involved make the apparatus useful for adaptation to many dierent and Widely separated arts. It will be also understood that many changes may be made in the details of the invention as set forth above Without departing from the spirit of my invention.

I claim:

l. In combination, a pair of relatively ro,- tatable telescoping drums having adjacent compartments, one of said compartments containing a temperature changing medium and the other material to be treated, and a centrifugal discharge device associated with said drums.

2. In combination, a pair of relatively rotatable telescoping drums, one of said drums having recesses adjacent the other drum adaptedk to contain material to be treated, a discharge compartment located at one end of said drums, and means associated with said drums to discharge the treated material centrifugally from said compartment.

3. In combination, a pair of relatively rotatable telescoping drums, one of said drums having recesses adjacent the other drum adapted to contain material to be treated, a discharge compartment located at one end Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents of said drums, and vanes mounted upon one of said drums to discharge a treated mate- 35 rial centrifugally :trom said compartment.

4. In combination, a pair of relatively rotatable drums, one of said drums having a compartment containing a temperature changing medium 'and the other drum hav- 40 ing spiral grooves containing material to be treated, said grooves increasing in depth toward the discharge end of said drum.

5. In combination, a pair of relatively rotatahle rustro-conical drums, one of said 45 drums having a compartmentcontaining a temperature changing medium and the other drum having spiralgrooves containing material to be treated, said grooves increasing in depth toward the larger end of said drum. 50

6. In combination, tvvo telescoping conical soliditying drums, the inner drum having a spiral groove for feeding the material to be solidified, the outer drum having a spiral groove to feed a solidiying agent, a 55 thin Wall separating the diaphragms, and discharge outlets for the solidied vmaterial and the solidifying agent at the larger end of the cone.

In testimony that I yclaim the foregoing I 6o f have hereunto set my hand.

FRANCIS I. DU PONT.

Witnesses:

J. HOWARD GORDON, P. E. STRICKLAND.

each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. G.

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