US1280461A - Loom. - Google Patents

Description

C. H. HEILIG.

LOOM. APPLICATION FILED MAH. I5, |918.

SHEET I.

. III f Patented 001;. 1, 1918.

dit

peciilcation oi Letters Eatent.

.application led Ilia-rch l5, 1918. Serial No. 322,716.

To all totem it 'may concern:

Be it known that l, Crans Heime, a citizen of the United States, residing at York, in the county of York and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Looms; and I' do hereby declare the following to be afull, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will. enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to malte and use the same. l

llhis invention 'relates to themanufacture of cloth.

The main object of the invention is to produce a cloth having great resisting. properties when under high tension or strain and which Will not rip or split, as will cloth made by ordinary methods, thus particularly adapting the cloth for aeroplanes, balloons, cotton belts, cotton duck, sail cloth canvas, rain cloth, tire cloth or for any other purpose which subjects the fabric to hard Wear, to liability of being punctured or split and to constant strain.

A further object of the invention is toA improve the construction of looms in sundry details hereinafter set forth.

The invention Nwill first be described in the following specification, which should be read in connection with the accompanying structed to Weave the cloth according to the invention.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section taken substantially on line 2 2 of F ig. l, however, the

heddle supporting and operating means.

not being shown. l

Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional 'view taken through the lay beams,

liig. l is an enlarged detail perspective of a modified form of supporting and -adjusting means for the lay beam.` y

The invention involves a method of Weaving cloth C and other fabric which broadly consists in. laying and packing the pick or weft threads of the fabric at an angle of approximately l5 degrees relativelyto the warp threads thereof.

At the present time, it is contemplated to carry out this method by arranging' the usual lay beam of a loom at such an angle rela tive to the frame thereof as Will permit the shuttle to. deposit the pick thread from sel vage to selvage at an angle of degrees relative to the Warp threads, the pick being then packed at thisarrgle by the usual reciprocating movement of the lay. Strain placedon any `point of this fabric, thus Patented @ctc i, tilde.:

made, will be distributed over an area of i5 degrees instead of placing the entire load on opposite threadsA or lines, as in cases of the warp and weft being at right angles. In the event of this fabric being punctured, it will not rip or split, as will fabric made by the ordinary method, since it absolutely will not tear in straight lines and pressure or strain adjacent the edges of the puncture will be spread at an angle over unbroken threads. In other Words, fabric having its Warp and weft threads at right angles Will split under pressure, because the pressure spreads or'separates said threads in straight and perpendicular lines relative to both the Warp and weft; Whereas, in the fabric produced by this method, pressure tending to rip will be diverted from such straight and perpendicular lines, by virtue of the position of the weft, -against unbroken warp and weft threads, Which on account of their angular relation interlock in such a manner to resist splitting and to distribute the pressure over the fabric. It has been found from experiment that any degree of angle above or below l5 degrees reduces the efficiency of the fabric, and with the pick or weft at this angle the fabric will resist pressure, strain and ripping with maximum e'iiiciency. rThis method of Weaving permits aeroplane and balloon cloth of greater efficiency to be made from cheaper materials,

as, for instance, from light Weight mer-V cerized cotton yarn, instead of from costly linen and silk. Also, the fabric produced by this method sheds Water more readily, especially when stretched taut, due to the diagonalways or lanes formed b y the weft threads which drain the Water toward the edges of the fabric.

To carry the present method in practice, a loom is provided, as illustrated in draw ings, comprising the usual frame 1 having warp beam 2 and a cloth roll 3 rotatably mounted at opposite ends thereof and driven by any suitable source of4 power. The Warp threads A pass from the Warp beam 2 through the heddles l and 5, provided as usual for. alternately raising and lowering alternate threads so asl to form a shed which is arranged ,below the warp threads and mounted on the frame at an angle of Ll5 degrees relative thereto, or, in all events, at 45 degrees relative to the Warp, in order that the shuttle will lay the weft at the said an gle relative to the Warp. The lay beam 7 1s, as usual, provided with shuttle-boxes S at its opposite ends and has its top surface .inclined or beveled rearwardly to provide, together with the reed lt, a raceway for the shuttle 6 which is operated in the usual manner. At the end of each movement of the shuttle, the lay beam, which carries the reed R, is moved forward from its position shown in Figs. l and 2 to force up the weft,

'20 which has-been laid, and to pack the fabric.

The reed R is also positioned at an angle of 45 degrees relative to the warp so that upon operation of the lay the weft will be properly pajcked at the desired angle, the reed consisting of a plurality of verticalv reed blades 9 (Figs. 2 and 3) having enlarged ends receivable in the channel Vbar 1() and the groove 11 formed in the lay beam adjacent its rear edge. The channel bar 10 is positioned slightly above the lay beam 7 and' is supported at its ends by legs l2 secured t@ the lay beam. The reed blades 9 are further retained in adjusted position and against removal by boltsI 13 extended transverselythrough the channel and carryii'ig thumb-nuts 14which when screwed tightly onthe bolts tehd to draw the walls ot' the `channel together to tightly grip the enlarged ends of the blades 9. These blades are, preferably, of a flat formation and are arranged to have their transverse axes extend parallel with the warp threads A in Iorder to eliminate undue chating of the latter threads and to insure the proper packing of the Wett B. The heddle harness 15 is suspended .from a roller 1 6, sce Fig. 1, positioned at the same angle of L15 degrees, or substantially so, to correspond with the jsiton of the lay beam in orde; that the s1 ed of warp threads produced by the operation of the heddles, as understood in the art, will be properly provided adjacent the lay beam and coextensive therewith.

In a loom of the present construction, the

Warp threads at the rear of the lay 7 will, by

virtue ot' their own weight, have more slack .on one side than on the other, which will produce a finished fabric having a stretched or pulled effect.

hecldles and lay beam, thus restricting the The shuttle This is obviatcd by the 60 provision of a pair of slightly spaced supernaeoaei present embodiment, it is preferred to reciprocate the lay from a single driving shaft 2O journaled on the traine between said bear- .ings at each end of lay beam and having gears 21 and QZ thereon adjacent each side of the frame. These gears 2l and 22 mesh with idler gears 23 and 24, respectively, which take their motion from opposite sides of the shaft 20 and in rctu-rn mesh with the driven gears 25 and 26, respectively, which are positioned in back of the lay beam 7 and each connected thereto by pitman rods 27 and 28, respectively, the gears 23, 24, and 2li being preferably journaled on stud shafts mounted in the sides of the trame l. Thus, thc lay will be reciprocated in its angular position when the sha'lt lf) is rotated, the lay actuating means here shown and described being devised to improve and sirnplify the heretofore complicated mechanism.

The bearings ltr and 1S) each comprise a supporting block 2f) secured to the sides of the frame l. by boltsl 2i() and having the face thereof opposing the lay beveled or inclined with which the beveled face of a wedge 31 coperates. The opposite face of the wedge 3l is flat to provide an even surface on which the lay beam directly bears and reciprocates. There may be provided, however, anti-friction means 32 between the lay and the wedges 3l. The wedges 3l are retained in position by bolts 33 extending therefrom throughelongated slots Bil in the supporting blocks 2E), the bolts having nuts 35 on the extended ends thereof to secure the wedges in adjusted positions. The adjustment ot' the wedges ony the blocks 29 is etl'ectcd by thlnnb-scrcws 36 threaded in a bracket 37 secured to the frame., the free end of the screw having a swiveled 4connect-ion with the wedge. Obviously the lay is held firmly in position. while being entirely free for easy reciprocating' movement. l/Vhen it is desired to raise and lower the lay beam, for purposes well understood, the nuts 35 are irst loosened and the thumb-screws 36 are then manipulated, and after this adjustment has been made the nuts 35 are again tightened.

In Fig. 4, isshown a modified embodiment of the bearings for the lay, which embodiment contemplates a single vertically adjustable bearing for each end of the lay, and comprises a supporting plate 38 secured to the t'ramc by any means and having an inclined top surface upon which is slidably

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