US1274348A - Car-truck. - Google Patents

Description

J. TAYLOR.

CAR TRUCK.

APPLICATIQN FILED 1AN.23. |918.

Patented July 30, 1918.

SHEETS-SHEET l.

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NUN

m w N www# 1. TAYLOR.

CAR TRUCK.

APPLICATION FILED 1AN.23, |918.

Patented July 30, 1918.

ISHEETS-SHEET 2 Invenor' J. TAYLOR.

CAR TRUCK.

APPLICATION FILED 1AN.2a. 191s.

Patented July 30, 1918.

IsHEE'Ts-SHEET s.

Wffofnpys 1. TAYLOR.

CAR TRUCK.

APPLICATION man JAN.23. 1918.

Patented July 30, 1918.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 4 n v e n `\o v- @mis/S J. TAYLOR.

CAR TRUCK.

APPLICATION FILED IAN. 23. Isls.

J. TAYLOR.

CAR TRUCK.

APPLICATION FILED IAN. 23. I9IH. 1,274,348.

Patented July 30, 1918.

ISHEETS-SHEET 6.

c) si@ E Sa N (l) i w O3 @2 1\ y I b) [u 0 @I N 1. TAYLOR.

CAR TRUCK.

APPLICATION FILED IAN.23, I9III.

1 ,274,348. Patented July 30, 1918.

IsIIETs-SIIEET I.

' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFTCE.

JOHN TAYLOR, OF

ALBANY, NEW YORK. ASSIGNOR TO TAYLOR ELECTRIC TRUCK CO., OF TROY, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

CAR-TRUCK.

Application filed January 23, 1918.

To all lwhom it may con/'ern .le it known that l, Ionsv Tarpon, -a citizen otl the linited States, residing at Albany, in the, county of Albany and State ot' New York, have invented certain new and uset'ul Improvements in (lar-Trucks; and l hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference bcing had to thc ,aecompanying drawings, which form part ot' this specification.

This invention relates to car trucks and has particular reference to the constrluntion o't' trucks for electric railway cars, and its objects are to produce, a low down" truck having a swing motion bolster, and spiral springs over the journal boxes and elliptic springs on the bolster to support. the car body; and which can properly carry the load and possess easy riding qualities. The invention is especially adapted for use with the new types of center entrance or low down end entrance electric railway car bodies, which are intended to have only one step from the street pavement to the center entrance or well of the car, or low end entrance of the car. The invention also provides a novel truck adapted to receive inside hung motors ot' the present so-called baby" and wee types.

1n general the invention is an improvement upon the trucks shown in my Patents No. (iT-1,224 of 1\'1ay 1-1, 1901, and No. 1,048,375 of lDecember 2l. 1912; and among the novel features ot' the invention are novel pedestals adapted to accommodate the salue diameter and length ot' journal springs` over the journal boxes as` heretofore employed, and stiflicient to entirely absorb the shock and pound of rail joints. crossings, frogs. switches. etc., while suspending the. ear body lower or nearer the ground.

Another novel feature is the novel construction and arrangement ot the springplank whereby 1 am enabled to use full elliptic springs tor the riding of the car body, and yet lower the bolster several inches while obtaining the desirable riding qualities and spring action of the truck shown in my aforesaid Patent No. 1.048.875.

Another novel feature of the invention is the construction o'f the center portion of the truck frame. including novel gusset brackets, binding brackets and angle brackets; also a novel arrangement and construction of parts enabling the brake mechanism to be mounted on the truck compactly and most efficiently.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 30, 1918.

Serial No. 213.291.

All of the foregoing l'eatures together with other minor novel details will be hereinafter clearly explained with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate practical emluulirnents of thc invention; and the essentials and novel features ot' construction and novel combinations of parts for which 1 desire protection will be summarized in the claims.

In said drawings:

Figure 1 is a top plan view of a complete truck embodying the invention.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation thereof.

Fig. 3 is a transverse section of the truck adjacent the holster some of thel parts being omitted to show the bolster more' clearly.

Fig. l is an enlarged top plan view of the, connectionsl between the cross centers and side frames of the truck, at one end of the cross centers.

Fig. 5 is a section on line 5 5, Fig. 4.

Fig. (3 is a detail view of one of the gusset. brackets detached.

Fig. 7 is a detail top plan view showing a slight modification of the connections ot' the cross centers to the side ot' the truck.

Fig. S is a section on line S-C, Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a section on line tls-), Fig. 7.

Fig. 1() is a detail view of some parts shown in Fig. 7.

Fig. 11 is a top view of the spring-plank detached.

Fig. 12 is a part side and part sectional view ot said plank.

Fig. 13 is a view of one of the end castings ot' said plank.

Fig. 11 is a transverse section on line 14-14. Fig. 11.

Fig. 15 is a partial top plan view of a modification o't` the spring-plank for extra heavy service.

Fig. 16 is a detail inverted bottom View showing a pedestal jaw tie.

Fig. 17 is a detail view of the brake hanger shown in Figs. 7 to 1t).

Fig. 18 is a detail view ot' one end of a side bar of the spring-plank.

Figs. 19 and 20 are obverse and reverse side views of one ot the pedestals detached.

Fig. 21 isa .section on line 2l-31, Fig. 19.

Fig. .22 is an enlarged top view of one of the gusset brackets 5 and connected binding brackets. etc. detached.

Fig. 23 is a bottom view ol Fig. Q2.

Fig. 2l is an enlarged top plan view o the gusset bracket detached. Fig. 25 is a bottom plan view ot Fig. 24. l1` ig. 2G is a transverse section on line 26--26, Fig. 24.

As shown in Figs. 1 to 3 the truck in general comprises pedestals 1. connected by upper side bars 2, L). and lower twisted side bar 2, and by front and rear tie bars 2". The upper side bars i2 are rigidly connected by cross center bars 3, fastened thereto by means of angle-brackets il, gusset-ln'ackets 5, binding-ln'ackets (3, and thrust-lnaclwts T as hereinafter explained. Between the cross center bars 3 is a bolster S, mounted on elliptic springs 9. which are supported upon a spring-plank hereinafter explained suspended by -link-hangers 11 from the sidebars 2.

The truck as a whole has some general resemblance. to the trucks shown in my aforesaid patents. and some of the parts thereof are constructed as in my aforesaid patents; and to more readily impart a clear understanding of the novel improvements embodied in this invention I will explain them separately.

The padeca/.sz

In appearance the pedestals 1 (sec Figs. 1. 2. 19 and 20) are somewhat similar to those shown in my Patent No. (5T-l,2?1 but embody several. new and novel features.

In the pedestal shown in my Patent No. 671,224 the top side bars are up nearly level with the. top of the jaw, but in the present. invention in order to reduce the height ot' the whole general construction the mortises or shoulders 1l in the pedestal tor the rcception of the ends of the upper side bars 2 are below the spring pocket 1" so that the upper edges o't' the side bars 2 are approximately below the bottom of the pocket 1"; and this reduces the total height ot the construction, or lowers the bolster about 3 inches. Lowering the side bars in this manner is the basis of the reduction of the total height of the truck, but the twisted portion of the bottom bars 2a remains the same distance above the top of rail as in my pat.- ented construction. 1

It is known that the pressure of the journal boX in the pedestal when starting, or in ascending a steep grade With heavy loads, is fully against the inner leg of the rear lpedestals and this construction brings such pressure directly against the ends of the top side bars 2, and also against the end of the twisted bottom bar 2, thus making a very strong construction.

The top of the journal spring pocket 1b of the pedestal is strengthened by a heavy exterior side web or rib 1C, which extends across the upper end of the pocket and down on the outer edge of the leg of the pedestal, as at 1; and at the inner side this rib extends toward the center of the truck curving down as at 1e acrossthe upper end of the inner leg and merging with the lip 1f on the inner leg above the niortise tor thev side bar 2. This rib 1 prevents the inner leg of the jaw from tracturing or breaking at its junction with the pocketat which point indicate-d by dotted line Z in Fig. 2 ordinary pedestals are :frequently broken by the continual pounding ot the spiral journal spi-inw over the journal, as this spring receives i. l the shock and pound due to the inequalities in thel road-bed.

.Bot-h inner sides of the jaws of the pedestal are preferably provided with removable wearing' shims, which are securely fastened with two countersnnk head bolts S (see Fig. 2) which bolts are preferably made with a square shoulder that is fitted in the correspondingly angular end ot' the bolt/opening in thejaw to prevent the countersunk bolt. from turningwhen screwing up the nut.

The front or outer jaw ot' the pedestal is constructed with a forwardly extending portion 1n having similar pockets or sockets 1g, both on the inside and the outside of the jaw, (see Fig. 21) to receive the end of the adjacent front or rear bar 2f. The lower part of the inner jaw ot the pedestal is constructed with a pocket 1k to receive the end of the twisted bottom bar 2, thus forming a. very rigid and strong construction. This pedestal will fit on either side or end of the truck and does away with the need for right and left hand pedestals.

In the center of the top of the pocket or pot shaped part 1b of the pedestal is a hole 1h about 171; inches, in dia-meter, which prevents fractures, or shrinkage cracks, occurring during the casting of such pedestals, which are usually made of cast steel, malleable, or grey iron.

The aws of the pedestal are tied together at bottom by a stay strap 1i (see Fig. 16) which is set into shoulders 1-l in the jaws of the pedestal (see Figs. 2 and 16) thus eliminating the strain on the stay fastening bolts.

With this new an d novel construction, there is no part of the truck frame closer to the ground than in my patented truck (No. 1,048,375) but the car body will be about 6 inches lower, thus greatly reducing the distance or step from the\street pavement into the entrance of the car; and making a lowdown entrance into the car.

The cross centers amd thm/Qt brac/set.

Between the inside top side bars 2 at the center of the truck are two parallel spacing bars or cross centers 3 placed edgewise, and these bars are preferably of the same width as the side bars 2 so that their top and bottom edges are flush therewith. The bars 3 are preferably secured to the side bars 2 by angle brackets 4; gusset. brackets 5; binding brackets or plates 6, and thrust bracket or plate 7.

These 'cross centers 3 when securely fastened in proper position to the side bars by the brackets as aforesaid form a rigid and substantial pocket for the reception of the truck bolster and also hold the truck absolutely square from center to center of truck journals.

The angle brackets'.

Angle brackets 4 are bolted to adjacent bars 2 and 3 (see Figs. 4, 7, 10, 22, 23) to securely fasten the cross center and side bars together, and hold the saine square to each other. Each angle-bracket 4 has a U-shaped bend or recess 4n in its inside leg (Fig. 10) to accommodate a vertical bolt 4" hereinafter referred to.

Bolted to the face of each inner top side bar 2 and between the bars 3 is a thrustbracket 7 having right angled ends which fit against and are bolted4 to the inside of the adjacent cross center bars 3, see Figs. 1 and 4.

Gasset bracket.

To further bind the cross center bars 3 and inside side bars 2 together gusset brackets 5 are attached thereto at each angle formed by the junctions of bars 2 and 3 (see Figs. 4, 22, 23). The main web or top of each gusset bracket 5 has a lip 5" which rests on the top edge of the adjacent cross center bar 3, Fig. (S, and it also has a lip 5 on its outer side that rests on the top edge of the adjacent inside side. bar (see Figs. 4 and 5). The gusset bracket also is constructed with a depending portion 5" which bears against and is bolted to the inside face of the inside side bar 2, as shown. The dcpending portion 5 is strengthened and braced by an integral rib 5 at one end and at its other end by a flange 5 depending from the underside of the gusset bracket and extending around the outer end and inner side. of this bracket to lip 5b and the outer end of the gusset bracket also has a rib 5 on its upper side. This bracket is also provided with an opening 5" for the passage otl the bolt 4b. This gusset bracket is also preferably constructed to support part of the brake-mechanism as hereinafter explained.

Bind/ifa f/ I) racket.

To further secure and bind together the truck cross centers and inside side bars I use binding brackets 0 each having a long angle 0 that rests on the top of the gusset bracket 5 and is secured thereto by the vertical bolt 4", which also passes through the gusset bracket and the groove or bend 4 in the adjacent angle bracket 4. The head of this vertical bolt. 4" bears partly against the bottom edge of the adjacent cross center bar 3 and also partly against the bottom edge of the angle bracket 4, see Fig. 22. The binding bracket 6 also has a vertical part 6b that bears against. and is bolted to the outside face of the inner top side bar 2, (see Figs. 8 and 10) and part 0* has at the bottom a short lip 6 that tits under the inner side bar 2 and the bottom edge of the adjacent cross center bar 3 and assists in supporting the weight and strain of the motor that is suspended on the cross center as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 1.

The brackets constructed and arranged as hereinafter described securely fasten the cross centers to the side bars; but permit a slight resiliency of the structure when the truck is passing over inequalities in the roadbed; or in curving around short radius curves where one of the rails is elevated above the other, which produces very severe twisting strains on the central portion of the truck; I have found that the one piece corner brackets commonly used on other types of trucks to attach the cross centers to the sides fracture in service, and will not endure the severe twisting strains caused by the application of the power when the truck is rounding sharp curves in the road bed on hillsides, which curves are on all electric roads operating through hilly and mountainous sections. But my novel lconstruction of truck centers has been carcfully worked out from practical experience, thoroughly tested, and found capable of withstanding the severe service conditions above mentioned.

Syn-'ing plank.

Suspended beneath the cross center bars is a spring-plank which is preferably constructed of opposite parallel bars 10 set edgewise and having their ends fitted into sockets 10" in end castings 10, by which the bars 10a are properly spaced apart and kept in alinement. A truss bar 10 is arranged below the plane of and intermediate the bars 10 and its ends are bent upwardly and rounded to pass through central apertures in the castings 10c and are 'secured by nuts 10, as shown. lVhen the nuts 10e are screwed up tightly the castings 10c are drawn hard against the ends of the bars 10a and a thoroughly braced and substantially trussed spring-plank is formed. Each spring-plank truss-anchor 10' is provided with a bottom recess or Channel 10I to engage the supporting bail or casting and each bar 10 has a recess 10k in its lower edge registering with the recess 10j for the same purpose.

Near cach end of the spring-plank is a saddle 10t which has end members 10g hooked over the outside of each bar 10, see Fig. 14, the. saddles extending from the outside of one bar to the outside. of the. opposite bar. These saddles carry the elliptic spring seats 9. Each spring seat 9B has lips 9r on Cii its sides vwhich enga ge the/edge of the saddle No. 1,018,375; which are hung from'U- shaped castings 11 placed between the side bars 2. at each end of the cross center 3, and may be fastened thereto by bolts 11, which may also fasten the thrust brackets 7 to said side bars.

As the spring plank swings backward and forward the U-shaped grooves or recesses in the castings 10 and bars 10 permit their turning or rocking on the round lower part of the bail-hangers 11 and an easy and effective longitudinal swing motion of the spring-plank and springs.

The trussed spring-plank sustains the weight of the springs 9 and the truck-bolster 8, which rests on the springs as' clearly shown in Fig. 3, and also the weight of the car body which rests on this bolster through the medium of the truck and boy center plates which may be attached to the bolster as usual, the spring-plank sustaining the weight of the car body andthe passenger load.

In cases where a very heavy car body is to be supported, or extra heavy loads to be carried, the spring-plank may be strengthened by employing two parallel truss bars 10 each similar to bar 10, and attached to the end castings 10l as indicated in Fig. 15,

To insure sufficient clearance to allow the truck bolster 8 to move longitudinally due to the swing motion," when the truck is rounding a curve the heads 14a of the inner bolts 14 (which attach the inner legs Ofangle brackets L1 to the bars 3) are let into sockets in bars 3, see Fig. 10, providing a flush, smooth surface on the inside of the bars and giving clearance for the top bands of the elliptic springs 9 and spring cap, to move freely backward and forward, and also up and down, due to the action of the swing motion and the opening and closing of the elliptic springs.

Bra/.fa attachments.

12 are pivoted between lugs 5g by pins 12?' and depend through slots 5f.

Through the long slots 5f in one pair of opposite gusset-brackets 5 at one side of the cross center thelive bra-ke levers 12 pass (Figs. 1--2) the slots 5f affording ample space for the sweep of the live brake levers backward and forward on the applicatiton or release of the brakes.

rllirough the slots 5f in the adjacent pair of gisset brackets 5, at the opposite sides of the cross center (see Figs. l, 2, 4) the dead brake levers 12C. pass and are secured between Vtwin ears 5j on the bracket by pins 5k.

To the undersides of these gusset-brackets, and in line with the inside brake hanger, are bolted the brake release springs 12e (Figs. 5 and (S) which springshave holes at the bottom t0 receive the brake head tail bolts 12f (Fig. 6), and their oflice is to pull the brake shoes away from the wheels when the biake is released.

Preferably the casting is provided with an inclined seat 5s against v hich the end of the spring 12e is bolted as s iown in Fig. 26, so that the spring is inclined lightly in order that the end to which the ta l bolt 12f is attached will be directly in li e with the brake shoe. The bracket 5l and ribs 5 and 51 reinforce and strengthen/the gusset bracket and prevent its fractiiriiig, bending or springing under severe shocks caused by quick application of the brakes especially when sand is applied to the wheels.

The gusset brackets 5 as constructed and used in my truck, provide for several important and practical features in the arrangement of the brake mechanism. By forming the brake hanger ears 5g on the top face of the gusset brackets I can use long brake hangers with a low down construction. They also provide a conve-nient support and point of attachment for the curved brake release springs.

By the use of these gusset-brackets, constructed as described, the brake levers and the brake hangers can all be made straight, z'. e. without oHsets, and when the brake is applied, the center line of the brake levers, and the center line of the brake head and shoe, are directly in line with the treads of the wheels, thus avoiding twisting strains in the brake mechanism which is important,

'as twisted or offset brake levers or brake hangers are undesirable especially with air controlled brakes, and provision for a direct straightline pull and push of the brake mechanism is very important in electric railway trucks on account of the frequent emergency stops that have to be made.

Figs. 7 to 10 show a modification used in connection with some types of trucks having inside hung motors and inside hung brakes. In this modification I omittlie gusset brackets 5 and attach biakc hanger clips 13 to the side bars Q of the truck, to support the brakes and take the strain ott' of the cross center of the truck, and place it on the sidev frames of the truck, as the cross center of the truck must endure the weight and strains of the motor, which strains are very severe on the cross center when starting the car with a heavy load, and also when ascending very steep grades. Each clip 13 is bolted to the inner side of the adjacent angle bracket 4 and has a lip 13b on its upper edge hooking over the top edge of such angle bracket (see F ig. 8). The binding brackets 6 are provided in this case with a raised portion (3" to fit over the lip 13b of the adjacent hanger clip, the underside of part 6" bearing hard againstthe lip of the hanger clip 13 and preventingthe latter rocking or shitting on the bolt 13 that secures the clip to the side bar; and also in event the bolt loosens preventing the clip dropping out of place.

A truck constructed as described will support the Car body very low down, yet all the parts necessary to make a good easy riding truck are provided, but so eoinpactly that there is the. same clearance between the top of the rail or the pavement of the street and the lowest part of the truck, that is afforded in other types ot' trucks. This elearance is absolutely necessary to avoid obstructions such as bricks or pieces of rock, etc., that frequentl)v lic beside the rails. It also has plenty of clearance for snow and ice in winter weather.

The truck is comparatively light in weight. but very strong. and compact. and safe for high speed service: as the twisted bottom side bars 2 would prevent the swing link or bolster dropping onto the rails in case of fracture in service, and the rectangular bail-hangers 11 overcome the end surging or shucking motion ot" the truck produced by the sudden stopping or start-ing of the car.

By placing the springs down in between the spring-plank bars, I additionally lower the height of the car floor above the rails three or four inches. The springs being placed down and in between the side bars of the spring-plank are kept in alinemcnt without any additional tastenings; and the leaves of the springs are kept from shifting after the truck becomes more or less worn, thus prolonging the life of the springs.

Further in this novel spring-plank, the bottom is practically open, so that ice, slush or mud will not lodge or accumulate therein sufficiently to interfere with'the proper action of the springs.

lVhat I claim is:

1. In a truck frame the combination of pedestals, side bars connecting said pedestals, cross center bars interposed between the top bars, gusset brackets connecting the cross center` and side bars, and binding brackets applied to the gusset brackets and binding same to the side bars.

2. In a truck frame the combination of pcdestals, side bars connecting said pedestals, cross center bars interposed between the top bars, angle brackets connecting the cross center and side bars, gusset brackets over the angle brackets; and binding brackets applied over the gusset brackets and side bars.

3. In a truck frame the combination of pedestals, side bars connecting said pedestals, cross center bars interposed between the top bars, angle brackets connecting the cross center and side bars, gusset brackets over the angle brackets, binding brackets applied over the gusset brackets and side bars, and thrust brackets intermediate the cross center bars and connecting the same to the side bars.

4. For a car truck, an angle bracket adapted to connect a cross center bar to a side bar, and having a U-rceess or bend in one of its legs.

5. For a car truck. an angle bracket adapted to connect a cross center bar to a side bar, with a bolt connecting the angle bracket to the cross center bar. the head of this bolt being let into the said cross center bar for the purpose specified.

6. Fora car truck, an angle bracket adapted to connect a cross center bar to a side bar and having a U-recess or bend in one of its legs; with a bolt connecting the angle bracket to the cross center bar, the head of such bolt being let into the said cross center bar for the purpose specified.

7. For a car truck` a gusset bracket adapted to be attached to the cross center bar and side bar and having a slot for the passage ot a brake level', and having ears for the connection of brake-hangers.

8. For a truck, a gusset bracket adapted to be attached to the center bar and side bar, and having a slot for the passage of a brake lever and a depending portion adapted to be attached to the side bar, said gusset bracket also having ears for the connection of brake hanger links.

9..I*`or a truck, a gusset bracket adapted to be attached to the cross center bar and side bar and lipped over the side bar and cross center bar, said gusset bracket having a slot. for the passage of a brake lever, ears at the opposite sides ot said slot for connection of brake hanger links.

10. For a truck, a gusset bracket adapted to be attached to the cross center bar and side bar and lipped over the side and cross center bar, said gusset bracket having a slot for the passage of a b ake lever-- a depending portion adapted to be attached to the side bar, and ears at the opposite sides of said slot for the connection of brake hanger links.

11. A spring plank consisting. of side bars. a thrust bar intermediate the side bars, saddles underlying the side bars and overlyino` the thrust bar, and castings connected to the ends of said bars, with hangers engaging the said castings to suspend the thrust bar from a truck. frame, said castings being recessed on their under side to engage the hangers.

. 1Q. A springplank consisting of side bars set edgewise, castings fitted to the ends of the said bars; a thrust bar intermediate the side bars below the plane thereof; and castings connected to the ends of said bars, and saddles underlying the side bars and overlying the thrust bar, the ends of the thrust bar extending through and being bolted to said castings; with hangers engaging the said castings to suspend the thrust bar from a truck frame, said castings being recessed on their under side to engage the hangers.

13. A spring plank consisting ofside bars set edgewise, a thrust bar intermediate the side bars and below the plane thereof, saddles underlying the side bar and overlying the thrust bar, and end castings engaged by said bars; with elliptic springs mounted on said saddles intermediate the said side bars, and hangers engaging the said castings to suspend the spring plank from a truck frame.

14. For a truck frame, a reversible pedestal having a spring pocket, a projection on its inner jaw recessed on each side for engagement with side bars, and a projection on its outer jaw recessed on both sides for engagement with an end bar.

15. For a truck frame, a reversible pedestal having a spring pocket above and between its jaws, a projection below the pocket on its inner jaw recessed on each side for engagement with side bars, and a projection on its outer jaw recessed on both sides for engagement with an end bar.

16. For a truck frame. a reversible pedestal having a spring pocket, a projection on its inner jaw recessed on each side for accommodation of side bars, a pocket near the bottom of its jaw the accommodation "of bottom tie bars, a projection on its outer jaw recessed on both sides for engagement of an end bar. v

17. For a truck frame, a pedestal havingl a spring pocket above and between its jaws, a projection on its inner jaw for engagement with side bars, and a projection on its outer jaw for engagement with an end bar, said pocket having a strengthening rib extending at the outer side of the pedestal from the pocket to the front projection, and at the inner side of the pedestal from the pocket to and partly over the projection for the top side bars.

18. For a truck frame, a reversible pedestal having a spring pocket, a projection on its inner jaw recessed on each side for accommodation ot' side bars, and a pocket near the `bottom of its inner jaw for the accommodation of a bottom tie bar, and a projection on its outer jaw recessed onboth sides for. engagement of an end bar.

19. For a truck frame, a revers'ble pedestal having a spring pocket above and between its jaws, a projection on its innerjaw recessed on each side for accommodation of side bars the upperedge of said bars being below the pocket, a pocket near the bottom of its inner jaw for the accommodation of bottom tie bars, and aprojection von its outer jaw recessed on both sides for engagement of a front end bar.

20. For a truck frame, a reversible pedestal having a spring pocket, a projection on its inner jaw recessed on each side for accommodation of side bars; a pocket near the bottom of its inner jaw for the accommodation of a bottom side bar; and a projection on its outer jaw recessed on both lsides for engagement of a front end bar; said spring pocket having a strengthening rib extending beyond thepocket on each side.

2l. For a truck frame, a reversible pedestal having a spring pocket above and between its jaws, a projection on its inner jaw below the spring pocket .recessed on each side for accommodation of side bars; a pocket near the bottom of its inner jaw for the accommodation of' a bottom side bar; and a projection on its outer jaw recessed on both sides for engageinent of a front end bar; said spring pocket having a strengthening rib extending down on the outer side of the pedestal to the projection on the Jfront jaws and extending on the inner side of the pedestal to about the center of the projection on the inner jaw.

22. For a truck frame an angle bracket having a loop or bend in its leg for the accommodation of vertical bolts.

23. In a truck frame having pedestals, side bars connecting said pedestals, and cross center bars interposed between the top bars; angle brackets exterior to the center bars and connecting the center bars and side bars; said angle brackets having loops or bends in their legs attached to the cross center bars for the accommodation of vertical bolts.

24. In a truck frame having pedestals, side bars connecting said pedestals, and cross center bars interposed between the top bars; angle brackets exterior to the center bars and connecting the center bars and side bars, said angle brackets having loops or -bcnds in their legs attached to the cross center bars for the accommodation of vertical bolts, and thrust brackets interposed between the center bars and connecting same with the side bars.

25'. In a truck frame having pedestals,

side bars connecting said pedestals, and cross center bars interposed between the top bars; angle brackets connected with the cross center and side bars, said angle brackets having loops or bends in their legs attached to the cross center bars for the accommmlation of vertical bolts; gusset brackets applied over the angle brackets and connected to the center and side bars, and vertical bolts passing throughffthe bends-o'l the angle brackets and engaging the gusset brackets.

26. In a truck frame having pedestals, side bars connecting said pedestals, cross center bars interposed between the top bars and angle brackets connecting the cross center and side bars; binding brackets over the angle brackets and connected with the side bars, said binding brackets having lips on their outer ends extending beneath the adjacent side 'bars 27. For a truck, a gusset bracket adapted to be attached to the center bar and side bar, and having a slot for the passage ot' a brake lever, an inclined seat on its under side for the attachment of a brake releasing spring, and a depending portion adapted to be attached to the side bar.

28. For a. truck, a gusset bracket adapted to be attached to the cross center bar and side bar and lipped over the side bar and cross center bar, said gusset bracket having an inclined seat on its under side for the attachment of a brake releasing spring and ears for connection of brake hanger links.

Q9. For a truck, a gusset bracket adapted to be attached to the cross center bar and side bar and having a slot for the passage of a brake lever, a depending portion adapted to be attached to the side bal', an inclined seat on its under side for the attachment of a brake releasing spring and earsat the opposite sides ot said slot for the connection of brake hanger links.

30. For atruck, a gusset bracket adapted to be attached to the center bar and side bar, and having reinforcing flanges, a slot for the passage of a brake lever and a depending portion adapted to be attached to the side bar, an inclined seat on its under side for the attachment of a brake releasing spring and ears for the connection of brake hanger links.

31. For a truck, a gusset bracket adapted to be attached to the cross center bar and side bar and lipped over the side and cross center bar, said bracket having reinforcing flanges, an inclined seat on its under side for the attachment of a brake releasing spring, a depending portion adapted to be attached to the side bar, a slot for the passage of a brake lever, and ears at the opposite sides of said slot for the connection of brake hanger links.

32. A spring plank consisting of side bars set edgewise; end castings having sockets lit-ted to the ends of said side bars; a fiat thrust bar lying tlatwise intermediate the side bars and below the plane thereof; the ends of said thrust bar being rounded and bent upwardly and extending through said castings; and nuts threaded on the rounded ends of said thrust bar; substantially as described.

32. A spring plank consisting ot` side bars set edgewise; castings having sockets in which are fitted the ends of said side bars;

a flat thrust bar lying flatwise intermediate thereof ;Y rounded the side bars and below the plane the ends of said thrust bar being and bent upwardly and extending through said castings; nuts threaded on the rounded ends of said thrust bar exterior to the castings; and saddles underlying the side bars and overlying the thrust bar adjacent the upwardly bent ends thereof.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing JOI IN TAYLOR.

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