US1274047A - Universal yellow dye and method of producing the same. - Google Patents

Description

UNITED STATES- PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES c. HUFFMAN, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, nssienon 'ro SUNBEAM CHEMICAL COMPANY, 01 CHICAGO, ILLINoIs, ACQRPORA'IION OF ILLINOIS.

UNIVERSAL YELLOW DYE AND METHOD OF PRODUQING THE SAME.

No Drawing.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES C. Horr- Specification of Letters Patent.

MAN, a citizen of the United States, and

resident of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have discovered a certain new and useful Universal Yellow Dye and Methods of Producing the Same, of which the following is a specification.

My discovery relates to dyes and particularly to a novel yellow dye having peculiar and advantageous qualities.

I am aware that heretofore dyes have been incorporated in soaps with the object in view of providing a simple carrier for the dye and fairly satisfactory results may be secured if neutral dyes are employed and if the water in which the substance is used is of exactly the right temperature.

My improved dye soap should not be .confused with those in which the soap acts merely as a carrier or vehicle for the dye, as the following description will show that the final product is the result ,of peculiar reactions which take place between the dye and the elements of the soap and which product could not be secured by the use of the materials heretofore employed or as heretofore combined. By reason of the novel process of compounding and theselection' of substances which enter into the compound, a dye is produced which is equal if not superior to those which require boiling and the addition of a mordant for setting the color.

One of the important distinctions of the dyes produced by me is that they are alkali proof, irrespective of the characteristics of the dye, that is, basic, neutral or acid, before combining in the soap.

A still further distinctionis that the dyes are universal, that is, adaptable to either cotton, wool, silk or flax, or mixtures thereof.

One of the important advantages following the use of the method disclosed is that of allowin the glycerol, which is a byproduct 0 the saponification process, to remain in the product.- This is liberated when the soap is dissolved and cooperates with the dye in attacking the fabric. ,Eurthermore it assists in fixing the colors fol In order to establish a basis for the proportions of ingredients, it will be assumed that it is desired to produce five gross of one ounce bars of the soap; To produce thisquantity, three gallons and forty-two ounces of vegetable oil and one gallon and twenty-four ounces of sodium hydroxid lowing the application of heat, as ,in the act of ironing, after the fabric has been dried.

The composition and the method offpreparing it will now be described in detail.

ounces of, the other oils.

(NaOH) of a specific gravity of 1.40at F. are combined. The oil 'or oils used may 'be varied. Olive, soy bean, raisin, peanut,

crude corn, or any vegetable oil maybe used separately or combined with cocoanut oil. The proportions of the cocoanut oil and other oils will vary according to weather conditions. Under normal conditions one gallon, fourteen ounces of cocoanut oil will be employed to two gallons, twenty-eight In warm,

Patented July 30, '1918.

Application filed September 24, 917. Serial No. 192,872.

Weather the proportion of cocoanut 011 (NI-I I-IGl andwhich is normally a dye for producing an orange color.-

low, a quantity, which will .be varied in ac-. cordance with the color desired of chrysoidin is dissolved in one gallon o boiling water and is addedto the soap solution shortly before saponification is complete. The addition' of this hot solution to the soap, together with the heat of the subsequent reaction, causes the temperature of the bath to be raised to approximately 122 F. at which temperature the excess o f5sod1um hydroxid reacts withthe chrysoidln, converting the color'acid into its sodium salt;

C H N:l T.C I-I .l TaOl.(NI-I or sodium diaminoazobenzene ohlorid. Apparently,

however, thissalt is not stable at the ternperature described and immediately enters into a new compound in which all traces of the salt as such is obliterated This theory seems to be confirmed by the fact that the final substance has resisted all efforts to analyzeit or to separate the sodium salt of chrysoidiir therefrom. The amount of chrys- .oidin employed for producing a medium yellow w ll be approximately six ounces avoirdupois.

After allowing a few minutes for the re:

For the production of a universal, alkali proof yel-' action to take place and after the dye has become thoroughly mixed with the soap, the

soap is poured into molds where it is allowed to remain at a temperature of about 80 F. for forty-eight hours.

It will be noted that the glycerol is not removed from the product and therefore will be released as the soap is dissolved. It will be absorbed by the fabric along with the dye and will assist in fixing the dye when heat is applied to the fabric-as in ironing. It has furthermore, an advantageous efiect on the fabric in softening the same and brightening the colors.

In use the soap and the garment or fabric to be dyed are introduced into hot water and the soap may be applied directly to the fabric to thoroughly cleanse the same. Even though the soap is applied locally or only in spots the coloring will be even. Furthermore, the hands or container will not be colored. After the article is cleansed and dyed it is rinsed in cold water and dried in the usual manner. The dye will be found to be alkali proof.

Many other colors are secured by a combination in different proportions of chrysapplication.

' with a certainty iodin and methylene blue. For instance, green, mustard, citron and other similar colors are produced by dissolving the chrysoidin in two quarts of boiling Water and the blue in two quarts of boiling water. At the same stage in the operations, that is, just before saponification of the soap, the chrysoidin solution is added and the reaction allowed to become complete; then the blue solution is added. After this reaction is complete the compound is stirred until there is uniformity and the additional steps are the same as before described. These .colors have the same properties as the yellow. I r

It has been found diflicult, if not impossible in prior practice, to combine two colors, particularly an acid and a basic color,

@without precipitation. By my practice there is no such danger. This feature of my discovery is claimed broadly in a co-pending It will be noted that the soap manufactured by the cold process. "By reason of this process of manufacture I am enabled to, secure an absolutely uniform product with regard tothe colors produced. The low temperatures employed are much more easily controlled andvthe necessary reaction between the soap and the dye is completed which is not possible in a settled soap.

One of the most important features of my novel discovery is that the shade of color which is secured in the use of the article is the same whether a large or small quantity mining Whether the same temperature is employed in each instance. Neither would he be able to determine whether exactly the same quantity of the dyeing material was employed. By the use of my product the colors may be duplicated with ease and certainty.

By comparison of the proportions of vegetable oil and sodium hydroxid it will be noticed that there is a substantial excess of the latter even when the water containing the 'dye is added. Of course, the amount of the saponifying agent may be varied somewhat but in any case an excess should be employed.

I claim:

1. The herein described dyestufi composed of thereaction pioducts of a vegetable oil, an excess of a saponifying agent over that required for complete saponification of the oil and chrysoidin, as set forth.

2. The herein described universal dye formed by adding dissolved chrysoidin to a saponified solution containing an excess of a saponifying agent.

3. A universal alkali proof dye chemically combined with soap, the substance belng composed of a vegetable oil, an excess of a saponifying agent, and an an hn dye, the product being formed by combining the o l and saponifying agent, then before saponification is complete adding thereto the an1l1n dye dissolved in water. g

4. The method of producing a unlversal, alkali proof dye combined with a cold process soap, which consists 1n combining a vegetable oil and an excess of sodium hydroxid, then before saponification is complete adding thereto an anilin dye dissolved in hot water, substantially as described. j

Signed at Chica 0, Illinois, this 22nd'day of September, 191

Witness T. D. BUTLER.