US1231582A - Type-writing machine. - Google Patents

Description

(5.1. F ENN. TYPE WRITING MACHLNE. APPLICATION FIL ED JULY h 1916.

Patented July 3, 1917.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

H I5 ATTDRNEY G. J. FENN.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 1. I916.

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] GEORGE JETTER FENN, OF LONDON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR 'I'O REMINGTON TYPEWRITER COMPANY, OF ILION, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

memes.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 3, 1911 "3.

Application filed July 1, 1916. Serial No. 107,167.

To all whom it may concernf Be it known that I, GEORGE J. FENN, subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, and resident of London, E. C., England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Type-Writing Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to typewriting machines and particularly to platen or work sheet controlling means.

The main objects of my invention, generally stated, are to provide comparatively simpleand efficient means of the character specified, and by which a work sheet or sheets, an envelop and the like may, by it single operation, be advanced any predetermined extent to bring it into position to receive the first line of writing; by) which thework sheet or sheets may be advanced a predetermined distance under control of one auxiliary device, and may be retracted a predetermined extent under control of a separate and distinct auxiliary device, for producing condensed record billing work and the like, quickly and eifectively; by

which a' greater extent of feed of the work sheets in one direction may, if desired, be effected by one of said auxiliary devices, than is efi'ected in the opposite direction by .the other of said auxiliary devices.

To the above and other ends which will hereinafter appear my invention consists in the features of construction, arrangements of parts, and combinations of devices set forth in the following description and particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference characters designate corresponding parts in the various views,

Figure 1 is a fragmentary front view showing the embodiment of my invention in a No. 20 Yost machine, the View illustrating only so much of said machine as may be necessary to arrive at an understanding of my invention.

Fig. 2 is a left-hand end view of the same with parts sectioned away.

Fig. 3 is a right-hand end view of the same with parts sectioned away.

Fig. 4.- is a transverse sectional view showing some of the details of construction, the

taken on the line y-y of Fig. 3 and looking in the direction of the arrow at said line.

I have shown my invention in the present instance embodied in a No. 20 Yost machine in which the invention may be readily incorporated without modifying or materially modifying the structural features of said machine as they now exist. It should be understood, however, that the invention may be embodied in various styles of typewriting machines, and that accordingly various changes may be made in the construction and arrangement of the parts.

I have shown only the platen frame of the usual No. 20 Yost machine and some of its regular equipment together with the special devices of my invention; this being sufiicient to illustrate my invention.

. The carriage of this machine is disclosed in the patent to A. Smith N 0. 1,050,245, dated Jan. 14, 1913.

The platen frame, comprising end plates I the platen. Such line spacing mechanism is disclosed in the patent to A. W. Smith No. 911,275, dated Feb. 2, 1909, and includes a line spacing wheel 10 connected with the platen in the usual manner and engaged by the line spacing pawl 11. This pawl coacts with the wheel to move it and platen a distance of one, two or three teeth of said wheel, depending upon the position of a controlling device 12, which may be turned to any one of three positions by a head or finger piece 13. The line spacing pawl 11 is carried by a line spacing lever 14 pivoted to a bracket arm 15 projecting from the end plate or frame 2.

' In addition to the line spacing mechanism I have provided auxiliary devices separate and distinct from each other, and operableindependently of each other, one for turning the platen a predetermined distance of more or less than an entire revolution in one direction at each actuation, and the other for turning the platena predetermined distance of more or less than an entire revolution in the opposite direction at each actuation. In the present instance these devices are locatedat opposite ends of the carriage The auxiliary devices in question are muchalike in construction except that they are operable in opposite directions, one being effective only to give a backward rotation of the platen, whereas the other is effective only to give a forward rotation of the. platen.

The device at the right-hand end of the carriage is effective to produce a backward rotation of the platen and will first be described. In the present instance the line spacing wheel 10 is shown provided with twenty-five teeth. I A pinion 16, with a corresponding number of teeth, is provided with a hub 17 and is secured by set screws 18 to a hollow shaft 19. This shaft receives a bearing in the end plate 2 of the platen frame and is received at its inner end in a hub 20 of the right-hand platen head 21, and set screws 22 secure the hollow shaft 19 to said platen head. The pinion 16 is thus fixedly secured to the platen and is concentric therewith. A gear 23 is supported to turn on a fixed spindle 24, as best shown in Fig. 4, this spindle being off-set from the axis of the platen. The spindle 24 is in the nature of a headed shouldered screw, the threaded end of which is received in a tapped opening in the end of one of the-usual tie-rods 3, and the shoulder on the screw bears against the adjacent end of said rod. The head 25 of the screw is positioned outside of a disk or disk-like support 26 to hold the parts against outward displacement. The disk 26 is apertured to receive the spindle 24 so that the disk is supported in part by said spindle and in part by a bracket arm 27 formed on the disk and which is secured by a screw 28 to the end plate 2. An arm 29 is located intermediate the'disk and gear 23 and is provided with a hub-like portion 30 apertured to provide a bearing on the spindle so that the arm 29 may turn" concentrically with the gear 23 around the spindle 24. The arm 29 1s tapped to receive the threaded end of a shouldered thumb screw 31. This screw extends freely through a slot 32 in the disk 26, said slot being formed concentrically with the gear 23. A shoulder 33 on the thumb screw bearsagainst a washer which in turn bears against the outer face of the disk 26. It will be understood that the screw 31 constitutes a binding screw which, when tightened, binds the arm 29 against the disk 26 and holds said arm in the position to which it may be adjusted around the spindle 24.

The upper end of the arm 29 is bent inwardly at 34 and overlaps and extends beyond the gear 23 and constitutes a stop for purposes which will hereinafter more clearly appear. I

.A hand actuated controlling device or crank 35, preferably of greater radiusthan the gear 23 and the platen, is formed with of the gear away mined by t a hub-like portion 36 apertured to receive a bearing on the spindle 24 atthe inner side of the gear 23. A spacing sleeve 37 is mounted on the spindle intermediate the crank 35 and the end plate 2 of the platen 7 frame in order to maintain the parts against lateral displacement along the spindle in one direction. A coiled spring 38 surrounds the spacing sleeve 37 and is secured at one end,

coiled around a screw pin 44 carried by the crank 35. One end of this spring is secured, as at 45 to the crank, the other end 46 of the spring being seated in the notch in the pawl 41. This spring tends to force the pawl into engagement with the teeth of the gear 23. An adjustable abutment, designated as a whole by the reference numeral 47, is adapted to receive the threaded end of a headed screw 48 which extends through the slot 32, the head of the screw bearing against a washer 49 which in turn bears against the outer face of the disk 26. The abutment 47 is thus mounted for adjustment along the slot 32 concentrically with the gear 23." The abutment may be held in its adtightening the screw 48, thus effecting a binding engagement between the abutment and the disk 26. This abutment is provided with an engaging finger 50 which extends over the teeth, of the gear 23 and in the path of the pawl 41 as the latter is retracted with the crank in its movement j usted position by .back to normal position, shown in full lines in Fig. 3. The abutmentis adjusted so that just before the crank reaches this position the'pawl will be lifted against the force of its spring 43 and disengaged from the teeth 23, so that the platen, its pmion 16, and gear 23 are free to be turned in either direction independently of the crank. However, at the first part of the operative stroke of the crank from the full to the dotted line positions in Fig. 3, the pawl will be moved from the abutment and allowed to engage the teeth of the gear 23. This stroke of the crank therefore is effective to turn the gear and pinion 16, and thus effect a backward rotation of the platen. The extent of rotation of the platen thus effected is determined by the stroke of the crank, and the extent of stroke of the crank is predeterlfe adjustment of the stop 34. The return movement of the crank to normal position is effected independently of the gear 23 and, as hereinbefore pointed out, 1s.

effected automatically by the spring 38 when Lasaesa the crank is released. During this return movement of the crank the pawl 41 will move idly over the teeth of the gear so that said crank is only operative on the gear and platen during the movement of the crank in one direction.

The crank is limited in its return movement to normal position by a portion of the crank, which is in the nature of a projection 51 thereon, engaging the hub 17 of the pinion 16, the engaging parts acting as stops to limit the movement of the crank in one direction. A finger piece orhandle 52 may be provided on a crank to facilitate an operation thereof. 7

It has been hereinbefore explained that in the present instance the line spacing wheel and pinion 16 each has twenty-five teeth thereon. The gear 23 has, say, eighty teeth. It will therefore be understood that the gearing intermediate the crank and platen constitute multiple gearing by which the motion transmitted from the crank to the platen is multiplied so that a comparatively small angular movement of the crank will produce a comparatively large angular movement of the platen, and a partial rotation of the crank may turn the platen through more or less than an entire rotation thereof. F or example, with the stop 34 adjusted to the position shown it may be assumed that an actuation of the crank from the full to the dotted line positions in Fig. 3 will turn the platen through a complete backward rotation, less a distance corresponding to two single line spaces, or two teeth. of the line spacing wheel 10. It will be readily understood that a further backward adjustment of the stop 34 from the position shown will enable the platen to be turned much farther at each actuation of the crank 35.

The construction and operation of the controlling device at the opposite end of the carriage are much the same as described above except, as hereinbefore explained, the parts move from normal position in a direction opposite from that of the parts just described, and are effective to produce a forward movement of the platen instead of a backward movement thereof' Therefore, it is not deemed necessary to repeat the description of this device, except in so far as it may differ from the device previously described. The same reference characters that are employed to designate the parts of the device at the right-hand end of the platen frame will be employed to designate the corresponding parts at the left-hand end thereof, with the addition in each instance of the numeral 1 before the reference character previously employed. Thus, the crank of the right-hand device is designated by the reference numeral 35 whereas the crank of the left-hand device is designated by the reference numeral 135. The other corresponding parts are designated in a like. manner. p

The crank 135 of the controlling device at the left-hand end of the platen is limited in its movement back to normal position by the adjustable stop 134, whereas the projection 151 on the crank co-acts with the hub 117 of the pinion 116 to limit the operating movement'of the crank. Moreover, the stop 134 not only arrests the crank 135 in its movement back to normal position, but also co-acts with the tail piece latl on the pawl- 141 to lift it out of engagement with the gear 123 just before the crank reaches normal position.-

The operation of this device is the same as that previously described except that the movements of the parts are reversed so that a forward movement of the crank from the normal position results in a forward movement of the platen. The extent of this movement is determined by the adjustment of the stop 134, the return movement of the crank independently of the platen being antomatically effected by a spring 138 after the crank and platen are arrested and the crank released by the operator.

In the present instance I have shown the stop 134 adjusted so that each operative stroke of the crank 135 is effective to turn the platen forward one revolution, or two single or one double line space more than it is turned backward by the crank 35, with the parts adjusted as shown and for reasons which will hereinafter appear.

It will be understood from the foregoing description that the cranks at opposite ends of the platen are normally disconnected from the platen so that the latter is adapted to be turned either forward or backward unlimited extents independently of either of said devices; that said devices therefore do not interfere with the feed movement of the platen under control of the ordinary line spacingmechanism: that said cranks or devices are operable independently of each other, and that each crank is capable of turning the platen and arresting the movement thereof in only one direction, one crank controlling the movement of the platen in one direction and the other crank controlling the movement of the platen in the opposite direction; that the throw and arrest of one of said cranks is effected entirely independently of the other so that the platen may be given a longer extent of turning movement in one direction by one crank than is given the platen in the opposite direction by the other crank.

- By reas of these facts the devices are capable of a wide range of uses. For ex- .ample, if it is desired to feed envelope,

blanks or other work sheets into the machine so that each sheet will be brought by a position to receive the first line of writing, wherever such line is to appear on the work sheet, it is merely necessary to adjust the stop 134 in position so that a single sweep of the crank 135 to the dotted line position will bring the work sheet to the proper position. Whether it requires one or more revolutions of the platen to effect this result is immaterial since the crank is effective to produce the required extent of movement. Work sheets are thus successively fed into the machine, each sheet requiring a single operation of the crank 135 to bring it into position to receive the first line of writing. The sheet is then written in the ordinary manner and removed when completed and the next sheet is fed into'the machine with the aid of the crank 135.

One method of using the construction for single operation into producing condensed record billing work,

is to first adjust the stop 134: so that a single actuation of the crank 135 will feed a bill sheet forward in proper position to receive.

the first line of writing. It may be assumed for example that this requires a complete revolution of the platen, so that the stop 134 is adjusted to the posltion represented in Fig. 2.

The stop 34 may now be adjusted to a position where the throw of the crank 35 will efiect a backward movement of the platen a distance of, say, two line spaces less than an entire rotation, as represented in Fig. 3.

A. bill sheet, record sheet and interposed carbon sheet may now be introduced into the machine, the requisite lead of the bill sheet over the carbon and record sheets being given, if desired, so that the first line reproduced on the record sheet will appear 4 near the upper edge thereof.

A single sweep of the crank 135 from the full to the dotted line ositions in Fig. 2 is effective to turn the p aten and bring all sheets forward together into position Where the bill sheet is properly located to receive the first line of writing. The crank 135 returns to normal position when it is released by the operator and the operator proceeds to write the bill in the usual manner, a carbon copy of the entries being produced on the record sheet beginning near the top thereof. After the bill is. completed it is removed without disturbing the record and carbon sheets, and the crank 35 is turned from the full to the dotted line positions in Fig. 3. The effect of this is to produce a backward movement of the platen to a position where a new bill sheet may be introduced and fed forward with the record sheet and interleaved carbon sheet at the next actuation ofthe crank 135. When said actuation of the crank 135 is completed the bill sheet will be positioned so as to receive the going that the first line of writing thereon and this line, when written, will be reproduced on the record sheet a distance of wo line spaces from the last line of the copy of the preceding bill thereon. This is due to the fact that in retracting the record sheet, through an operation of the crank 35, it is moved two line spaces less than it is moved forward with the bill sheet by an actuation of the crank 135.

It will be understood therefore that provision is thus made for effecting any desired extent of spacing between successive bills on the record sheet without the provision of any complicated special automatically .operating means to effect the result. The operator is therefore relieved from effecting a double space line spacing operation, with the aid of the line spacing mechanism, afterthe completion of each bill and is relieved of the necessity of remembering to effect such line spacing operation in order to effeet a proper spacing between entries on the record sheet, it being customary to take care of such entries in the manner stated when said. special automatically operating means are not employed.

If desired the carbon sheets may be of a length to correspond to the length of the bill sheet instead of the record sheet, and in thisevent the carbon sheet will be reis written and will be introduced and fed forward with each newly introduced bill sheet.

While I have described some of the uses to which the devices of my invention may be put, it will be understood that said devices are capable of a wide range of uses and may be employed wherever they may be found available, and that some of the devices may be employed without others.

It will also be understood from the foredevices of my invention may be readily embodied in existing machines now on the market, such, for example, as the No. 20 Yost machine without modifying, or materially modifying, the structural features of said machine as they now exist.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage; a rotative platen carried thereby; and means for turning the platen in opposite directions through a plurality of line spaces, said means including a hand actuated device operable'to turn the platen only in one direction, and a separate independently operable hand actuated device operable to turn the platen only in the opposite direction and while said first mentioned hand actuated device remains at rest.

2. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage; a rotative platen car' ried thereby; line spacing mechanism; and

moved with each bill sheet after the latter menace means for turning the platen backward and forward through predetermined distances of more than a line space, said means comprising a device operative to turn the platen forward a predetermined distance, and a second independently operable device operative to turn the platen backward a predetermined distance and while said first mentioned device remains at rest.

3. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, a rotative platen carried thereby, a crank operative to turn the platen in one direction through more than a single line space, and a second independently operable crank operative to turn the platen in the opposite direction through more than a single line space and while said first mentioned crank remains at rest.

4:. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage; a rotative platen carried thereby; means for turning the platen in opposite directions through more than a single line space, said means including a hand actuated device operable to turn the platen. only in one direction, and a separate independently operable hand "actuated device operable to turn the platen only in the opposite direction and while said first men tioned device remains at rest; and means for limiting the strokes of said hand actuated devices.

5. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage; a rotative platen car ried thereby; line spacing mechanism; and means for turning the platen backward and forward through predetermined distances of more than a single line space, said means comprising a device operative to turn the platen forward a predetermined distance, a

second independently operable device operative to turn the platen backward a predetermined distance, and means by which the distance through which the platen may be turned by either of said, devices may be varied.

6. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, a rotative platen carried thereby, a crank operative to turn the platen in one direction through a plurality of line spaces, and a second independently operable crank operative to turn the platen in the opposite direction through a plurality of line spaces, said cranks being movable in opposite directions from their normal positions.

7. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage; a rotative platen carried thereby; means for turning the platen in opposite directions through a plurality of line spaces, said means including a hand actuated device operable to turn the platen only in one direction, and a separate independently operable hand actuated device operable to turn the platen only in the opposite direction; means for limiting the and means for returning each crank to its normal position independently of the platen.

9. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage; a rotative platen carried thereby; means for turning the platen in opposite directions, said means including a hand actuated device operable to turn the platen only in one direction, and a separate independently operable hand actuated device operable to turn the platen only in the opposite direction; and separate relatively adjustable stops for each of said hand actuated devices for limiting the strokes thereof.

10. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, a rotative platen carried thereby, a crank operative to turn the platen in one direction, a second independently operable crank operative to turn the platen in the opposite direction, and relatively adjustable stops for limiting the movement of each crank.

11. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage; a rotative platen carried thereby; and means for turning the platen in opposite directions, said means including a hand actuated device, an intermediate pawl and rack between the platen n and said hand actuated device and by which the latter is operable to turn the platen only in one direction, a second independently operable hand actuated device," and an ntermediate pawl and rack between the platen and said. second hand actuated device and by which the latter is operable to turn the platen only in the opposite direction.

12. In a typewriting machine, the comblnation of a carriage, a rotative platen carried thereby, a crank operative to turn the platen in one direction, a second independi ently operable crank operative to turn the platen in the opposite direction, said cranks being movable in opposite directions from their normal positions, and gearing between each crank and the platen.

13. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage; a rotative platen carried thereby; means for turning the platen in opposite directions, said means including a hand actuated device, an intermediate j pawl and rack between the platen and said hand actuated device and by which the latter is operable to turn the platen only in one direction, a second independently operable hand actuated device, an intermediate pawl and rack between the platen and said secthe, opposite direction; and arresting means for limiting the movements of said'hand actuated devices.

14. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, a rotative platen carried thereby, a crank normally disconnected from but operative to turn the platen a plurality of linespaces in one direction, a second independently operable crank normally disconnected from but operative to turn the platen a plurality of line spaces in the opposite direction, and means for limiting the movement of each crank and the platen when the latter is turned by a crank.

15. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, a rotative platen carried thereby, line spacing mechanism, auxiliary means for turning the platen forwardly a predetermined number of line spaces, and auxiliary means for turning the platen backwardly, said last mentioned auxiliary means comprising a crank pivoted on an axis ofi'set from the axis of the platen and parallel 'therewith, multiple gearing between said crank and platen, a pawl carried by said crank and spring pressed into engagement with a member of said caring, and means co-acting with said paw when the crank is in the normal position to hold said awl out of engagement with said member but permittin the pawl to engage said member when t e crank receives an operating stroke away from normal position.

16. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, a rotative platen carried thereby, a crank normally disconnected from but operative to turn the platen a plurality of line spaces in one direction, a second independently operable crank normally disconnected from but operative to turn the platen a plurality of line spaces in the opposite direction, means for limiting the movement of each crank and the platen when the latter is turned by a crank, and meansoperating automatically to return each crank to its normal position. independently of the platen.

17. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage; a rotative platen carried thereby; line spacin mechamsm, auxiliary means for turning t e platen in one direction, said auxiliary means comprising a crank pivoted on an axis offset from the axis of the platen and parallel therewith, multiple gearing between said crank and platen, a pawl carried by said crank and spring pressed into engagement with a member of said gearing and operative to turn the gearing in but one direction and as the crank is moved away from normal position, arresting means to limit the movement of the crank, and means co-acting with said pawl site direction,

means for turning the platen in the opposite direction.

18. In atypewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, a rotative platen carried thereby, a crank normally disconnected from but operative to turn the platen a plurality of line spaces in one direction, a second independently operable crank normally disconnected from but operative to turn the platen a plurality of line spaces in the oppomeans for limiting the movement of each crank-and the platen when the latter is turned by a crank, and means which are rendered efi'ective by an operating stroke of each crank for operatively connecting the crank with the platen. v

19. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, a rotative platen carried thereby, line spacing mechanism, and auxiliary means for turning the platen, said auxiliary means comprising a crank pivoted on an axis off-set from the axis of the platen and parallel therewith, multiple gearing be tween said crank and platen, a pawl carried by said crank and spring pressed into engagement with a member of said gearing but maintained out of such engagement when the crank is in normal position, a disk fixed to the platen frame and concentric with said member of the gearing, and a stop adjustabl secured to said disk and cooperative wit the crank to arrest it.

20. In a typewriting machine, the combination of'a carriage, a rotative platen carried thereby, a crank normally disconnected from but operative to turn the platen in one direction, a second independently operable crank normally disconnected from but operative to turn the platen in the opposite direction, means for limiting the movement of each crank and the platen when the latter is turned by a crank, and intermediate gearing between the platen and each of said cranks.

21. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, a rotative platen carried thereby, a crank normally disconnected from but operative to turn the platen in one direction, a second independently operable crank normally disconnected from but operative to turn the platen in the opposite direction, means for limiting the movement of each crank and the platen when the latter is turned by a crank, intermediate gearing between the platen and each of said cranks, and means operable at will for operatively connecting each of said cranks with a member of its associated gearing.

.22. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, a rotative platen car ried thereby, two independently operable cranks, gearing intermediate each crank and the platen, and a pawl carried by each crank and cooperative with a member of the associated gearing, one pawl being operativer'to turn the platen in one direction and the other pawl being operative to turn the platenin the opposite direction.

23. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, a rotative platen carried thereby, two independently operable cranks, gearing intermediate each crank and the platen, a pawl carried by each crank and cooperative with a member of the associated gearing, and means which disengage each pawl from its companion gear when the associated crank returns to normal position and enables each pawl to engage its companion gear when the associated crank receives an operating movement, the movements of thecranks from normal position being in opposite directions.

24:. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, a rotative platen car? ried thereby, two independently operable cranks, gearing intermediate each crank and the platen, and'a pawl carried by each crank and cooperative with a member of the associated gearing, said pa'wls projecting in opposite directions and each pawl engaging with its companion gear during the movement of the associated crank in "butmne direction, so that the cranks are effective to turn the platen in opposite directions but each crank is effective to turn the platen in but one direction.

25. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, a rotative platen carried thereby, two independently operable cranks, gearing intermediate each crank and the platen, a pawl carried by each crank and cooperative with a member of mal position and enables each pawl to en- 1 gage its companion gear when the associated crank receives an operating movement.

26. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, a rotative platen'carried thereby, two independently operable cranks movable in opposite directions from theirnormal position, relatively adjustable stops for limiting the movements of each crank, gearing intermediate each crank and the platen, and a pawl carried by each crank and cooperative with a member of the associated gearing. I

27. In a typewritingmachlne, the combination of a carriage, a rotative platen carried by said carriage, two hand actuated cranks, multiple gearing .between each crank and the platen and by which the movement transmitted to the platen from each crank is multiplied, one crank controlling the rotative movement of the platen in one direc-.

tion and the other crank. controlling the movement of the platen in the opposite direction, and means for arresting said cranks.

Signed at London, England, this four: teenth day of June, A. D. 1916.

GEORGE JETTER FENN. Witnesses:

Doms HrroHoooK, .WALTER CARVER.

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