US1218834A - Steam-turbine. - Google Patents

Description

B. B. BOWER.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY26. me.

1,218,834. Patented Mar. 13, 1917.

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STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY26, I916.

Patented Mar. 13, 1917.

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STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION HLED MAY26.1916.

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B. B. BOWER.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED mvzs. I916.

1 ,21 8,834. Patented Mar. 13, 1917.

5 SHEETSSHEET 5- QJI BYRON B. BOWER, OF BAINBRIDGE, GEORGIA.

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Specification of-Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 13, 1917.

Application filed May 26, 1916. Serial No. 100,084.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known thatI, BYRON BQBownR, a citizen of the United States, residing in Bainbrid 'e, in the county of Decatur and State of eorgia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to steam turbines and has for its object to construct a special impulse type of turbine driven by the action of steam or gas.

Another object of this invention is to construct a multi-cellular, multi-pressure, multivelocity stage turbine in which the nozzles which supply the driving fluid to the blades are rigidly fastened to the blades. and rotate therewith.

A still further object of my invention is to provide a steam passage, or range of expansion, the length, of which is materially increased without increasing the length of the turbine, so that all of the energy of the steam may be utilized before the same exhausts from the turbine.

A still further object of the present invention is to construct a turbine in which the number of stationary parts is reduced to the minimum, thereby eliminating to a large extent the presence of friction between the moving and stationary parts of turbines as usually constructed and also to provide fewer leakage passages for the steam.

A still further object of the present invention is to construct a rotor in which all of the velocity and power generating parts are integral and revolve in unison in one compact body.

Other and further objects of the present invention will in part be obvious and will in part be pointed out by reference to the specification hereinafter following and to the drawing forming a part thereof, wherein like characters of reference are used to indicate like parts throughout the several views thereof.

Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of the improved. turbine. I

Fig. 2 is an enlarged detailed view of a part of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a cross section on the line AA of Fig. 2, looking in the direction of the arrows.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged cross section on the line BB of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a cross section on the line CO of Fig. 2 looking in .the dlrectlon of the arrows. Fig. 6 is a cross section on the line D-D of Fig. 1. Fig. 7 is a vertical longitudinal sectionof a modified form of steam inlet. Fig. 8 is an enlarged section similar to Fig. 1, showing a slightly modified form of steam inlet and exhaust- Fig. 9 is a vertical longitudinal section of a modified form of turbine. Fig. 10 is an enlarged detail view of a part of the structure shown in Fig. 9. Fig 11 is a detail view of a slightly modified form of the throat or entrance end of the nozzles.

In turbines as heretofore constructed and more particularly turbines of the general type as constructedby Curtis and Rateau, it has been customary to provide a series of rotating rings of blades between which have been mounted a plurality of stationary nozzles. In constructions of this natur there is a considerable amount of friction between the stationary nozzles and the rotating blades. If the contact between these parts is madetight' enough to effectually prevent the leakage ofsteam friction is materially increased and the life of the turbines correspondingly,decreased. I-Iavingthese defects in mindit is the purpose of my invention to so construct the nozzles and the blades that the same shall at all times rotate in unison, each ring of nozzles rigidly attached to its accompanying ring of blades upon which it operates by the im pact of the steam. In turbines of the type hereinbefore referred to the length of the steam passage, or range and number of eX- pansions, has'been substantially equal to and limited by the length of the turbine, while in my construction there may be provided several series of concentrically disposed. rings of nozzles and rings of blades and stages whereby the steam passage, or range and number of expansions, may be substantially equal to two or more times the length of the turbine. This length of the steam passage is determined by the number and by the series of rings of nozzles and blades and stages provided.

Referring now more specifically to the drawings, there is provided a steam tight casing 1, within which is mounted upon a shaft 2, which is journaled in suitable bearings 3, a drum 4. Mounted upon the periphery of the drum 4 is a series of disks 5 or tripple rings of nozzles made in segments which ma y be bolted or otherwise secured to said drum. These disks which may be formed in any suitable manner are provided with a plurality of concentrically disposed nozzles 6, equally spaced apart and arranged around the whole circle of the disk, the nozzles being merely apertures of proper shape carved in and through the body of the disk, constituting in Fig. 1 series a, Z) and o of rings of nozzles and blades and stages, and having the walls 7 preferably divergent as shown in Fig. 1 to produce what is generally known as an expanding nozzle. In each of these rings of nozzles there is provided a depression 8 adapted to receive a ring of blades shrouded at each end of the blades with shroud rings 9 between which are secured in any suitablemanner the vanes or blades 10 which are disposed adjacent the enlarged end of the expanding nozzles and are preferably curved so as to deflect the steam or other driving fluid which impinges thereagainst. Between each series of rings of nozzles there are provided oifsets 11, which ofisets are adapted to aline with the oiisets formed on adjacent ring of nozzles. The spaces between these ofisets may be closed by any suitable form of packing ring 12 which may be secured thereto in any desired manner. By this construction it will be apparent that the disks or triple rings of nozzles may be cast in one piece or in segments if preferable, and that the packing rings may be bolted thereto and the respective accompanying rings of blades for each ring of nozzles be readily attached thereto so that the parts may be replaced in case of breakage or wear. While this form of packing is preferably used between the second series 6 and the third series 0 of rings of nozzles and blades and stages of Fig. 1, a slightly different form is used between the first and second series. In this form there are provided offsets 11 which are bolted or otherwise secured directly to the adjacent disks or rings of nozzles, the depressions 12 accommodating the fastening means employed.

The steam enters the casing 1 through the inlet pipe 13 from which it passes into the annular stationary steam chest 13} thence into the annular revolving steam chest 13% and thence to the series of steam passage ways or ports 14 in the drum 4 which in turn directs it to the first disk or ring of nozzles; the steam then passes through the expanding nozzles in this disk or ring of nozzles which cause a decrease in the pressure thereof and an increase in the velocity. The steam with this increased velocity impinges against the blades of the ring of blades attached to and revolving with this disk or ,ring of nozzles and thereby exerts a driving action due to their angular relation, the blades being disposed to receive the impact of the steam transversely to the main shaft. From these blades the steam enters the first annular space or stage where it has a tendency to collect or pond. It then again passes into the throats and through the succeeding nozzles of the ringof expanding nozzles which direct it against the blades of the next ring of blades which are attached to and revolve with this ring of nozzles and so on. The size of the nozzles and blades of successive alternate rings of nozzles and accompanying rings of blades and stages is preferably increased so as to accommodate the gradual expansion of the steam through all the series and for keeping the velocity of the steam as uniform as possible throughout the turbine. Atter the steam has passed through the first series of rings of nozzles and has acted on the blades of each ring of blades of this series it is directed by means of the partition 15, into the second series Z) from which it may in turn be directed if desired into still a third se ries 0 and so on until all of the'energy of the steam is utilized. The steam having at this exhaust point substantially no efiective pressure, exhausts through the openings 16 into the casing 1 from which it is permitted to escape through a suitable port 17. If de sired there may be provided a passage 16', such as shown in Fig. 8, for the reception of the exhaust steam, which passage is in communication with the outlet 17.

It is apparent that, in case I so desire,

I may vary the number of series of rings,

nozzles and blades and stages as desired, such variation being made to correspond to the initial steam pressure available. Instead of making the disks 5 in one solid casting, I may make them of individual castings 5 as shown more particularly in Fig. 9. hen so constructed there is employed a diaphragm 18 which is disposed between the series of disks or rings of nozzles, blades and stages, and serves the same function as the oiiset 11 and their associated packing rings 12, and the offsets 11'. In either form of disks the nozzles are spaced and arranged around the whole circle in a ring of nozzles and remain the same in number. But if the ring of nozzles is diametrically larger and the blades consequently longer, the number of throats or entrances into each nozzle can be increased from one to two or more; this increase being proportionate to the increase in the diametrical size of the ring of nozzles and length of blades. In some cases it is desirable to form the throat or entrance into the nozzle as shown in Fig. 11 having but one continuous opening instead of providing a plurality of independent throats or entrances.

Sometimes the steam inlet may beadvantageously constructed in accordance more particularly with the disclosure in Fig. 7, in

which the shaft is provided with a hollow portion 2 in communication with the inlet 13 and leading to the series of ports 1i formed in the drum 4. It is apparent that the exhaust may be similarly modified as herein shown.

\Vhile I have shown the preferred forms of construction of my improved turbine, it is obvious that the'details thereof may be modified as found necessary within the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention what I claim is 1. In a multicellular, multi-velocity stage turbine, a steam casing, a rotor mounted therein, said rotor comprising a central drum, a disk peripherally disposed on said drum, a plurality of blades and shroud rings for holding said blades in position and means formed on said disk for receiving said shroud rings and blades.

2. A rotor for turbines comprising a disk having depressions alternately formed on the faces thereof, and shroud rings carrying blades mounted in said depressions.

3. In a. multicellular turbine, a disk having a plurality of off-set portions, nozzles concentrically formed therein and spaced around the entire circle of said disk, and rings having blades spaced around the entire circle thereof, said rings of blades being' operatively disposed adjacent and detachably secured to said disk of nozzles with alternate rings of blades in radial alinement the blades receiving the impact of steam from the nozzles transversely to the main shaft.

4. In a multicellular turbine, a disk having a series of nozzles concentrically formed therein, and a plurality of blades formed in independent series, one series of blades being operatively disposed adjacent each series of nozzles, and each series of blades being in substantial radial alinement with the series of nozzles circumferentially adjoining.

A rotor for turbines comprising a disk having a plurality of series of nozzles formed therein, and shoulders formed be tween each of said series of nozzles, said shoulders projecting from opposite sides of the disk.

6. A rotor for turbines comprising one or more series of rings of nozzles with attached rings of blades, the succeeding series of nozzles and blades extending in longitudinally opposite direction from the preceding series, and packing shoulders formed between each of said series of said rings of nozzles and blades.

7. In a multicellular turbine, a steam casing, a rotor mounted therein, said rotor comprising a. central drinn, a disk peripherally disposed on said drum, a plurality of blades, rings for holding said blades in posi tion, and means formed on said disk for receiving said rings.

8. A rotor for turbines comprising a disk having a plurality of series of nozzles con-. centrically formed therein, each adjacent series of said nozzles extending in opposite directions, and a. series of blades for each series or nozzles.

9. A rotor for turbines, comprising a disk having a plurality of series of nozzles formed therein and extending in opposite directions, and packing shoulders formed between each of said series of nozzles.

10. In a turbine of the class described, a rotor comprising a. plurality of disks having nozzles formed therein, a series of blades secured to said disks, and means forming a separating diaphragm between each series of blades.

11. In a multicellular, multi-velocity stage turbine, a rotor comprising a plurality of series of rings of nozzles and rings of blades, said rings of blades being detachably secured to said rings of nozzles, each succeeding series extending in the opposite direction from the preceding series, packing shoulders between each series, and a cylindrical drum fastened to the periphery of the outer series of rings of nozzles and rings of blades thereby inclosing the same, and rotating therewith.

BYRON B. BOWER.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

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