US1215307A

US1215307A - Type-writing machine.

Info

Publication number: US1215307A
Application number: US13069616A
Authority: US
Inventors: Arthur A Johnson
Original assignee: Underwood Typewriter Co
Current assignee: Underwood Typewriter Co
Priority date: 1916-11-11
Filing date: 1916-11-11
Publication date: 1917-02-06
Anticipated expiration: 1934-02-06

Description

A. A. JOHNSON.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 11. 1916- Patented Feb. 6, 1 917.

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TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. II, 1916.

Patented Feb. 6, 1917.

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wa/w Q A. A. JOHNSON. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 11. I916.

Patented Feb. 6', 1917.

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Q 25 the omitted letter. r I mechanically hold the carriage 1n saidfl ARTHUR A. JoHN-son or' NEW'YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO- UNnERwoonIklni-f i ED STATES PATENT "V'RITER COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 6, 1917.

Application filed November 11,1916. Serial No. 130,696.

I '0 all whom it may concern:

Be it'known that I, ARTHUR A. JOHNSON, a citizen of the United States, residing in borough of the Bronx, in the county of the 5 Bronx, city and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements-in Type-\Vriting Machines, of Which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to means for setting back the powerfdri'ven carriage of a typewriting machine, to permit the printing of a character inv a space already passed.

The omission is usually detected directly after the character following the omitted character has been printed and the carriage has spaced, thus leaving the typewriter carriage one and one-half spaces away from the position at which the omitted character should be printed. I therefore, in backspacing for this purpose, move the carriage back through one and one-half spaces, and

' set it there, so that. with a single operation the carriage is quickly,accurately and conveniently positioned for the insertion of back-spaced position while the omitted charactor is inserted.

I disconnect the carriage from part of the escapement mechanism during the entire back-spacing operation, so that. the escapement mechanism may not interfere with the resumption by the carriage of the previously occupied position. lt is to be noted 5 that this device may not only be used for inserting characters, but also for other purposes, for instance, for joining characters together.

Should the error be detected after several 0 letters have been printed, the proper place f-or the insertion may be reached by using 'first the usual back-space mechanism, and then the present device for back-spacing one and one-half spaces.

My improved back-space mechanism may comprise a key at the. key-board of the machine, which may be connected 1] a link or other suitable connections. to a pawl adapted to engage and raise a rack connected to the.

carriage and normally engaging the pinion of the escapement mechanism, so as to free the carriage from said escapement mechanism. .After the rack is raised to its highest extent, the pawl moves longitudinally of the machine under the influence of said key,

'height.

position.

so as to backspace the carriage. The pawl may be arranged to slide on a guide and to be held by said guide locked to the rack, in elevated position during its entire longitudinal movement, and said guide may be provided with a. stop for limiting said movement. This guide-piece may be also used to hold the pawl against said longitudinal movement, until the pawl reaches the proper A latch may be provided for holding the pawl in this position. This latching mechanism, while in its effective position, is adapted to be operated, by the depression of the key that prints the omitted character. Thus the carriage is caused to move under the influence of its drivingspring, to the point at which it stood'before the backspace operation took place.

Means may be provided'forholding the movable parts of the escapement mechanism in proper position, while this action is tak-I ing place, thus insuring the proper repositioning of the carriage, when released by said latch.

Other features and advantages will hereinafter appear.

In the accompanying drawings,

Figure 1 is a side elevation of-an Underwood typew-riting machine, showing my in-' vention as applied thereto.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of my invention as applied to said machine, looking at the opposite side from that shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a rear elevation of the. same.

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary perspective View showing my invention as associated with the escapement mechanism and carriage of an Underwood typewriting machine.

Fig. 5 is a rear elevation showing the parts in normal positions. Fig. 6 is thesamc as Fig.5, showing the parts with the backspace mechanismoper ated and the carriage held in a back-spaced 10 Fig. 7 is the same as Fig.5 showing the parts after the key, printing the omitted character. has been depressed and before s said key is released.

In an Underwood typewriting machine, the carriage 11, carrying the platen" 12 and traveling on rails 13 and 14;, is propelled in letter-feed direction by a spring barrel 15, connected by a strap 16. The carriage is connected to an escapement mechanism by no drive the escapement wheel in one direction,

by means of pawls 23, secured to said escapement wheel and engaging said binion. The escapement' wheel is normally held against movement by a dog 24, pivotally mounted on a rocker 25.

When a type key 26 is depressed, the type-bar 27, through the interponent 28,

is moved upwardly and rearwardly, so as to strike against the front face of the platen. A. lug 29 on the type-bar moves a universal bar 30 rearwardly. The uni versal bar is pivotally mounted upon a rod 31, connected to arms 32, which are pivoted to the frame 33 at 34. -A portion 35 of the universal bar engages and operates the escapement rocker 25, so as to move a fixed dog 36 thereon into the path of the escapement wheel 22, and freeing the loose dog from the escapement wheel. The loose dog is then moved by its spring 37 to a position opposite the next tooth or space of the escapeinent wheel. Vhen the type key is released, and the type returns to normal position, the universal bar is returned to normal.

position by its spring 38, thus allowing the spring 37 of the loose dog 24 to rock the dog rocker, so as to move said loose dog into and the fixed dog 36 out of engagement with the escapement wheel. Thus the carriage is free to be drawn by its spring drum 15 one step in letter-teed direction.

The usual back-space mechanism, illustrated in the accompanying dri'iwings, is shown and described in the patent to Hel- 'mond, 930,962, to which attention is directed for a comprehensive understanding of saithmeclianisiii. At Figs. 1 and 3, it will be seen that the back-space key 39 is pivoted in brackets 40, and is secured to a rock shaft 41, having an arm 42 extending therefrom. This arm is connected with a link 43, which is connected at its uppern'iost end to a pawl 4.4, adapted to enter and engage the rack 17. This pawl 44 is pivotally mounted on an arm 45, so that i'vhen the back-space key 39 is'depressed (thus depressing the link43), the pawl 44 is rocked with said arm, so as to move into engagement with the rack 17 The pawl '44 is held against movement until direction.

23 engage the adjacent teeth on the pinion, and the escapement dogs prevent the wheel from turning, thus holding the carriage in its back-spaced position, as usual. Then a character key is next depressed, the 'es capement mechanism operates in the usual manner.

To back-space one and one-half spaces, 1 provide a special key 49 at the key-board of the machine, and secured to a rock shaft 50, mounted on brackets 51, and Provided with an arm 52, to which is connected a link 53, extending upwardly and rearwardly, and connected at its uppermost end to an arm 54 of a new back-spacing pawl 55.

The pawl 55 is 'pivotally mounted on an arm 56, and is provided with a-portion adapted, when raised, toengage the rack 17 between the teeth 57, and move the same about its pivot 19, until the rack strikes a stop 58 on the carriage frame, thus disconnecting the rack from the pinion 20 of the escapeinent mechanism. The pawl 55 has a tooth portion to 'engage the teeth on the rack, and to hold the carriage against movement in letter-feed direction. The rack, having thus been disconnected from the escapement pinion 20, permits the backward movement of the carriage by the pawl 55. The arm 56, carrying the pawl 55, is pivoted at 59 on a bracket 60, secured to the framework 33; and the arm 54 of the pawl is bent to extend to the side of the pivot point 59, so that the continued downward movement of the link 53 moves-the arm 56 with the pawl 55 and the carriage inanti-letterfeed direction.

The normal tendencyof the link 53, when operated, is to swing the pawl with the arm 56 about itspivot 59; but this pivotal action must not take place until the pawl 55 properly engages and moves the rack out of engagement with the pinion 20. To insure this proper movement of the pawl 55 and arm 56, I provide a guide-pieco 61 on the bracket 60, against which the pawl normally lies, so that the longitudinal movement of the pawl is Pl' (3''0IltC(lllI1tll said pawl reaches l v a horizontal surface 62 of said guide, which said guide, locked to the rack, thus moving the typewriter carriage in anti-letter-feed To limit the movement of the pawl and carriage in this direction, the guide (51 is provided with a stop-piece 63.

To relieve the operator of the necessity'ot :manually retaining the carriage in this position, and to insure that the carriage is in the proper position when the omitted character is being printed, a lock is provided to hold the pawl. This lock comprises a latch 64, pivotally mounted upon an arm 65, pivoted to the frame of the machine, and

normally spring-pressedupward by a spring 66.' Thearrangement is such that, when the pawl moves along the horizontal section 62 of the guide-piece, the latch 64 is cammed down by said pawl until the locking notch thereof is opposite the pawl, atwhich time 'in the form of a bell-crank 67, pivoted to the frame of the machine, and comprising an arm 68 having a cam surface 69 thereon, adapted to coiiperate with a cam surface 70 on an arm 71, secured to the universal bar,

so as to be operated by said cam surface 70 when brought into coiiperative relation therewith. The bell-crank 67, beingprovided with a spring '72 secured thereto, and bearing against pins 73 on the frame, tends to move to this coiiperative position, but is normally held therefrom, as seen in Fig. 6,

' by the pawl 55 resting on the arm 65, connected to an arm 74 of the bell-crank, by a link 75. When, however, the pawl is raised by the depression of the back-space key 49, the arm is permitted to be moved upwardly by the spring 72, connected to the bell-crank, thus causing the bell-crank to be' moved into coiiperative relation with the arm 71 on the universal bar, as shown in Fig. 6. When operated by the lug of the type-bar, the universal bar is moved backwardly, thus causing the cam surface thereon to cam against the surface 69 of the bell-crank, which causes the bell-crank to be rocked to a position shown in Fig. 7. The

' arm 65, carrying the latch 64, moves up wardly against the tension of the spring 66. This causes the latch 64 to be depressed by a pin 76 on the bracket, and the latch to become disengaged from the pawl 55.

As the type impression has not yet been made, the carriage must not be entirely released; therefore, provision is made for detaining the carriage in proper position until after the type impression has been made.

, For this purpose, the arm 65 is made in the arm of a latch at 77, which is moved into ositionto engage the pawl 55, while the )i'voted latch 64 is moved toineffective posi- -ion. When the latch 64 is so moved, the arriage is permitted to advance slightly under the influence of its spring drmn 15, o cause the pawl 55 to move past the lockg position of said latch, so that as the key s released and the bell-crank and arm 65 .iove under the influence of the spring 7 2 moving the latch portion of the arm 65' rei ngaged with the latch, and will move under the influence of the spring barrel 15, to original position.

From the foregoing, it will. be seen that when the new back-space keyis depressed, the first action that takes place is the dis engaging of the rack of the carriage from the escapement mechanism by the pawl 55. Then said pawl moves with'the carriage longitudinally, thus back-spacing the car riage and being held locked to the carriage by the guide 61. The carriage and pawl are then held inthis position by the latch 64, the movement of the. pawl meanwhile permitting the movement of the interponent 67.into eoiiperative relation with the cam on the universal bar. The key for printing the omitted character'is then depressed, thus causing the universal bar to move and operate the interponent 67. This causes the carriage to escape from the latch 64 and to be universal bar to recede, and'thus permitting the interponent, through the spring 72, to withdraw the latch portion 77 of the arm 65 from the pawl 55. The'pawl and carriage are then permitted to be moved by thespring drum 15, until the army carrying the pawl is engaged bya pin 78 on the frame. The pawl reaches the 'end of the guide 61, and is moved down-by aspirng 79 connected to the new backspace key, and the rack is permitted to reengage the pinion 20 of the escape'ment mechanism.

It will be under stood that the carriage is moved backwardly slightly more than one and one-half spaces by the depression of the back-space key 49, so that after esnism for the carriage, while the carriage isdisconnected from its ordinary letter-feed escap'ement mechanism.

Ordinarily, when the carriage-feeding rack 17 is moved out of engagement with the pinion 20 of the escapement' mechanism, the spring 37, normally tending to move the loose doggy-24 (engaging the "escapement wheel), would rotate said wheel in counter-clockwise direction,- as seen in Fig. 3, due to the fact that the tension of the spring drum 15, on the rack and pinion has been released. If this movement of the eseapement, -.-wheel were permitted, the rack,

upon subsequent ren'gagement with the pinion (permitted by the descending pawl 55), would cause said escapement wheel to be rotated until the loose dog 24 strikes its stop. This movement would cause the carriage to space one-step in advance of the place at which the back-space operation began. This would be objectionable, for it is desired to have the carriage, when released from its back-space position, move to the original point.

To overcome this difficulty, I provide a dog 80, pivoted to the frame at 81, and normally pressed by a spring 82, into engagement with the teeth of the escapement wheel. This dog prevents the escapement wheel from movingunder the influence of the spring 37 of the loose dog 2%.

It will be remembered that when a key is depressed, the escapement dogs are rocked to permit the loose dogto be disengaged from the escapement wheel, and to be moved by the spring 3'? to. a position opposite the next tooth on the escapement wheel. This causes the loose dog, when again rocked into engagement with the next wheel, to permit the escapement wheel to move one letterclaim space distance. This same movement would take place by the key printing the omitted character" when the carriage is back-spaced, and woulil result in the carriage, being repositioned one-space in' advance of the proper place; if no means to prevent this were employed. Therefore, I provide means for permitting the carriage to be correctly positioned, upon release of the new backspace mechanism. To do this, the bellcrank (37, which forms an interponent between the universal bar and the back-space mechanism, is provided with an arm 83, adapted-to move into cooperative relation with the loose escapement dog 24, when the back-spacer is operated.

The arm 83 is provided with ,a projection or lug, adapted to engage and hold the loose dog against movement while disengaged from the escapement wheel, and brought into operation when the carriage is backspaced. Then, when the key printing the omitted character is released, the loose dog will rei ngage the same tooth on the escapement wheel with which it had been engaged. It will be seen that not only is the escapement mechanism disconnected from the carriage at the back-space operation, but it is also held against such movement as would cause the carriage to be improperly repositioned on the conclusion of the. back-space operation.

Variations may be resorted to within the scope of the invention, and portions of the iu'iprovements may be used without others.

Having thus described my invention, I

1. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a carriage, of means for causletter-spaces from the original position,

means for temporarily holding the carriage repositioned, and means for releasing the carriage when held by said holding means.

3. In a typewriting machine, the comb nation with a carriage and. escapeme "l mechanism therefor, of keys operating the.

escapement mechanism to cause the carriage to feed letter-space distances step by step in one direction, means for repositioning the carriage one and a fraction letter spaces, means for temporarily holding the carriage repositioned, and means controlled by said keys for releasing the carriage from said holding means, to allow the carriage to move to original position.

4:. In a typewriting machine, the combine, tion with a carriage and escapement mechaanism therefor, of keys operating the escape ment mechanism to cause the carriage to feed letter-space distances step by step in one direction, key-operated means for repositioning the carriage to a position one and a frac tion letter-spaces from original position, mechanical means for temporarily holding the carriage repositioned, and means operated by the depression of a key for releas ing the carriage from said holding means.

5. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a carriage and escapement mechanism therefor, of keys operating the es 1 capement mechanism to cause the carriage to feed letter-space distances step by step in one direction, means adapted to disconnect the carriage from the escapement mechanism and to reposition the carriage one and a fraction letter-spaces from original position, and means for holding the escapement mechanism against movement, while the carriage and escapement mechanism are means for holding the escapement mechanism against movement, while the carriage and escapement mechanism are thus diseonnected, and means for holding the carriage and escapement mechanism disconnected, and also the carriage repositioned.

7. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a carriage and escapement mechanism therefor, of keys operating the escapement mechanism to cause the carriage to feed letter-space distances step by step in one direction, means adapted to-disconnect the carriage from the escapement mechanism and to reposition the carriage one and a fraction letter-spaces'from original position, means for holding .the escapement mechanism against movement while the carriage and escapement mechanism are thus disconnected, means for holding the carriage and escapement mechanism disconnected and also the carriage repositioned, and means for releasing said last named holding means, and for releasing the holding means of the escapement mechanism.

8. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a carriage, of an escapement mechanism for feeding the carriage step by step, at letterspace intervals, to printing position, means including a back-spacing pawl for repositioning the carriage to a printing position, between the ordinary let tor-space intervals, and means to engage said pawl and latch the same for retaining the carriage in this position.

9. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a carriage. of an escapement mechanism for feeding the carriage step by step at, letter-space intervals, to printing position, means for repositioning the carriage to a printing position, between the ordinary letter-space intervals, means for retaining the carriage in this position, and means for releasing the carriage when thus retained.

10. In a typewriting machine, thecombi nation with a carriage, of an'escapement mechanism for feeding the carriage step by step, at l .-tter-space intervals, to printing position, printing keys controlling said escapement mechanism, means for repositioning the carriage to a printing position between the ordinary letter-space intervals,

means for retaining the carriage in this position, and means controlled by said printing keys, for releasing'the carriage from said retaining means tocause the carriage to move to original position.

11. In a, typewriting machine,-' the combination with a carriage, of escapement mechanism therefor, printing devices adapted to operate said escapement mechanism,whereby the carriage is letter-spaced, and key operated means for causing the carriage to be moved in a reverse direction suliiciently at a single stroke to permit the printing of a character, between the character last printed and the preceding character; provision being made for returning said carriage automatically to original position at a single step after being released from said key-operated means' 12. In a typewriting' machine, the combination with a carriage, of escapement mechanism therefor, printing devices adapted to operate said escapement mechanism,-

whereby the carriage is letterspaced, key"- operated means for causing the carriage to be moved iii a reverse direction, to permit the printing ofa character, between the character last printed and the preceding character, and means operated by the printing of said character while the carriage is in said position for causing the carriage to move to the position occupied before being moved by the last-mentioned means.

.13. In a typewriting machine, the -combination with a carriage and escapement mechanism therefor, of printing devices, a universal bar operated by said printing devices and adapted to operate said escapement mechanism, back-space mechanism for said carriage adapted to disconnect the carriage from the escapement mechanism and reposition the carriage, and auxiliary escapement mechanism adapted to control the carriage when so back-spaced.

14. Ina typewriting machine, the combination with a carriage and escapement mechanism therefor, of printing devices, a universal bar operated by said {printing devices and adapted to operate said escape ment mechanism, back-space mechanism for said carriage adapted to disconnect the car riage from the escapement mechanism and reposition the carriage, and auxiliary escapement'mechanism adapted to control the carriage when so back-spaced, said auxiliary escapement mechanism being also controlled by the universal bar.

15. In a typewriting inaclii ne, the combivices -and adapted to operate said escape-- nent meclumism, back-space mechanism for said carnage, adapted to disconnect the carriage from the escapement mechanism and reposition the carriage, auxiliary escape mentmechanism adapted to control the canriage ,when 'soback-sp ieed, the auxiliary escapement mechanism also controlled by the rack out of engagementwith said pinion to permit the repositioning movement of the carriage independently of the movement of the escapement mechanism.

18. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a carriage, of a rack connected thereto, escapement mechanism comprising a pinion adapted to be engaged by said rack, a back space pawl adapted to lift the rack out of engagement with said pinion to permit the repositioning movement of the carriage independently of the movement of the escapement mechanism, and means formoving said pawl to move the carriage longitudinally in an anti-letter-feed direction.

19. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a carriage, of a rack connectedthereto, escapement mechanism comprising a pinion adapted to beengag'ed by said rack, a backspace pawl adapted to lift the rack out of engagement with said pinion to permit the repositioning movement of the carriage independently of the movement of the escapement mechanism,means for moving said pawl to move the carriage longitudinally in an anti-letter-feed direction, and means for preventing said movement, until the rack and pinion are entirely disconnected.

20. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a carriage, of a rack connected thereto, escapement mechanism comprising a pinion adapted to be engaged by said rack, a back-space pawl adapted to lift the rack out of engagement with said pinion, to permit the repositioning movement of the carriage independently of the movement of the escapement mechanism, means for moving said pawl to move the carriage longitudinally in an anti-letter-fecd direction, means for preventing said movement until the rack and pinion are entirely disconnected, and means for holding said rack and pinion disconnected during the entire longitudinal movement of. said rack, controlled by said pawl. I

21. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a carriage, of a rack connected thereto, escapement mechanism comprising a pinion adapted to be engaged by said rack, 'a back-space pawl adapted to lift the rack out of engagement with said pinion, to permit the repositioning movement of the carriage independently of the movement of the escapement, mechanism, means for moving said pawl to move the carriage longitudinally in an anti-letter-feed direction, means for preventing said movement until the rack and pinion are entirely disconnected, means for holding said rack and pinion disconnected during the entire longitudinal movement of said rack, controlled by said pawl, and a stop for limiting said longitudinal movement.

22. I11 a typewriting machine, the combination with a carriage, of a rack connected thereto, escapement mechanism comprising a pinion adapted to be engaged bysaid rack, a back-space pawl adapted to lift the rack out of engagement with said pinion, to permit the repositioning movement of the carriage independently of the movement of the escapement mechanism, means for moving said pawl to move the carriage longitudinally in an anti-letter feed direction, means for preventing said movement until the rack and pinion are entirely disconnected, means for holding said rack and pinion disconnected during the entire longitudinal movement of said rack controlled by said pawl, a stop for limiting said longitudinal movement, and a dog adapted to engage and hold said pawl when thus moved longitudinally.

23. In a tyqpewriting machine, the combination with a carriage, of a rack connected thereto, escapement mechanism comprising a pinion adapted to be engaged by said rack, a back-space pawl adapted to lift the rack out of engagement with said pinion, to per mit the repositioning movement of the carriage independently of the movement of the escapement mechanism, means for moving said pawl to move the carriage longitudinally in an anti-letter-feed direction, means for preventing said movement until the rack and pinion are entirely disconnected, means for holding said rack and pinion disconnected during the entire longitudinal movement of said rack controlled by said pawl, a stop for limiting said longitudinal movement, adog adapted to engage and hold said pawl when thus moved longitudinally, and means for releasing the pawl from said dog, and for reengaging saidpawl with another dog.

24.. In a type/writing machine, the combination with a carriage, of a rack connected thereto, escapement mechanism comprising a pinion adapted to be engaged by said rack, universal bar, a back-space pawl adapted to lift the rack out of engagement with said pinion, to permitthe repositioning movement of the carriage independently of the movement of the escapement mechanism,

means for moving said pawl to move the carriage longitudinally in an anti-lctter-feed direction, means for preventing said movenlent until the rack and pinion are entirely disconnected, means for holding said rack and pinion disconnected during" the entire longitudinal movement of said rack controlled by said pawl, a stop for limiting said longitudinal movement, a dog adapted to engage and hold said pawl when thus moved .'gaging with said rack, a backspace pawl adapted to.,lift-the rack out of engagement with said escapement mechanism to permit the movement of the carriage independently of the movement of the escapement mechanism, and means for holding the rack and pawl disengaged. I

26. In a typewriting' machine, the combination with a carriage, of a rack connected to said carriage, escapement mechanism engaging with said rack, a back-space pawl adapted to lift the rack out of engagement with said escapement mechanism to permit the movement of the carriage independently ofthe movement of the es apement mechanism, means for holding the rack and pawl disengaged, and means for permitting the rack and pawl to again reengage.

i 27. In a typewriting machine, the. combination with a carriage, of'a rack connected to said carriage, escapement mechanislll engaging with said rack, a back-space pawl adapted tq lift the rack out of engagement,

with the escapei'nent mechanism, to permit .4 0 the movement of the carriage independently of the movement of the escapement mechalllSlll, means tor moving the pawl to move the carriage longitudinally in an anti-letterfeed direction, and a stop for limiting said longitudinal movement.

28. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a carriage, oixa rack connected -to said carriage, escapement mechaulsnrengaging with said lack, a hach-space pawl *adapted' to litt the rack out of engagement with the escapement mechanism to permit the. movenient of the carriage independently of the movement of the escapement mecha-' nism, n -ans for moving the pawl to move the carriage longitudinally in an anti-letterl'eed direction, aslop for limiting said longitudinal movement, and means for retaining the carriage thushack-spaced, comprising an escapement device, ivherehy, upon operation, thowarriage may be released to move to original position.

29. In a typewritmg machine, the combanation, with a carriage, of a rack connectedthereto, escapement mechanism comprising a pinion, a pawl adapted to lift the rack out of engagement with said pinion to permit the movement of the carriage independently of the movement of the escapement mechanism, means for moving the pawl longitudinally in an anti-letter-feed direction,

and an escapement device to'engage and hold said pawl in back-spaced position.

30. In a typewriting machine, the-combination with a carriage, of a rack connected thereto, escapement mechanism comprising 31. In a typewritmg machine, the combination with a carr1age,"of a-rack connected thereto, escapement mechanism comprising -a pinion, a pawl adapted to lift the rack out of engagement w'th said pinion to permit the movement-oh he carriage independently' of the movement of the escapement mechanism, means'fdr moving the awl longitudinally in an. anti-letter-feed irection, an auxiliary escapement device to engage and hold said pawl in back-spaced position, and means for""operating the. escapement mechanism to permit the pawl-41nd carriage to move to original position, said auxiliary dogs, one movable relatively to the other.

32. In a typewriting machine, the combination, with a carriage, of a rack connected thereto, escapement mechanism engaging with said rack, a back-space pawl adapted to disengage the rhck from the escapement mechanismv and move the 'ack-of the carriage longitudinally, and means to" engage with said pawl, to bring into opera lion at the operation of said pawl an auxiliary escapement mechanism for the carriage. p

33. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a carriage and escapement'mechanism therefor, ot' a universal bar adapted to '100 escapement device comprising a plurality ofoperate said escapement mechanism, and

hack-space mechanism comprising an auxiliary escapement nechanismfor thecarriage, adapted to :be operated by the universal liar.

3 In a t ype\\-'i'iti1ig machine, the combination with 'a" carriage and escapement mechanism therefor, of printingdevices, a universal bar operated by said printing devices adapted to operate. said escapement mechanism, bade-space mechanism, an anxiliary escapement mechanism for said carriage while under the influence of said back space mechanism, and means brought into operation by saidback-space mechanism for causing the'universal bar, When operated by said printing devices, to 'operate said auxiliary escapement mechanism.

35. In a typewriting machine, the combi nation With a carriage and escapement mechanism therefordo'f printing devices, a universal bar operated by said printing devices, adapted to operate said escapement mechanism, back-space mechanism, an auxiliary escapement mechanism for said carriage While under the influence of said backspace mechanism, means brought into operation by said back-space mechanism for causing the universal bar, when operated by said printing devices, to operate said auxiliary escapement mechanism, and means associated with said last-mentioned means for holding the first-named escapement mechanism against operation, while said carriage 15 thus back-spaced.

ARTHUR A. JOHNSON.

Witnesses JENNIE P. Tnormn, EDITH B. LIBBEY.