US1203338A - Composition for brake-band linings. - Google Patents
Composition for brake-band linings. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1203338A US1203338A US9296616A US9296616A US1203338A US 1203338 A US1203338 A US 1203338A US 9296616 A US9296616 A US 9296616A US 9296616 A US9296616 A US 9296616A US 1203338 A US1203338 A US 1203338A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- lead
- copper
- composition
- brake
- lining
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 25
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 30
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 28
- 229940108928 copper Drugs 0.000 description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RIRXDDRGHVUXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[P] Chemical compound [Cu].[P] RIRXDDRGHVUXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Inorganic materials [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium sulfate hemihydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011507 gypsum plaster Substances 0.000 description 2
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014987 copper Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000320 mechanical mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003463 sulfur Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
Definitions
- This invention relates to a composition which is adapted for use as a lining for brake bands, brake shoes and the like.
- One object of the invention is to provide a composition which, when used as a lining for brake bands, will permit a slight slippage between the member to be braked and the braking member when the brake is'first applied and so cause a stoppage of the member to be braked without any sudden shocks or jars.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a composition which is softer than the brake drum or the like and yet possesses the requisite coherency between its particles to render unnecessary'any reinforcements, such as wire mesh or the like, to hold it together.
- Another object is to provide a composition for this purpose which will have a relatively high melting point.
- the invention consists in a composition of the/character described, the essential constituents of which are copper and lead, the lead being in a greater percentage than cop per.
- the lead is particularly suitable as a component of a brake band lining when combined with a stronger metal for the reason that its properties and characteristics are such that it will permita slight slippage between the lining and the braking member when the brake band or the like is frictionally applied.
- a small percentage of phosphorus in the form of phosphor copper may be added to the composition to give it additional toughness and hardness.
- lead and form with it a true alloy It is also I well known that in forming a lead-copper alloy, lead will not take up more than approximately one-half of one per cent.
- the composition may therefore be regarded as a mechanical mixture of the two. 'In the mixture, the copper blends or amalgamates with the lead, making the mixture homogeneous throughout.
- the lead present in the contacting surface of the lining permits a slight slippage of the brake drum or other member to be braked when the brake band is first applied under a relatively slight pressure.
- the copper in the composition not only prevents any deformatioirin the lining due to the flow of Copper 36 per cent., lead 62% per cent., sulfur one half per cent., plaster of Paris-onehalf per cent., phosphor copper one-halfper cent., and with these constituents the composition is prepared as follows: The copper is first melted in a suitable vessel and the lead is then added. Since the melting point of lead is so much lower than the copper, the lead may be added to the molten copper in solid form and will .be quickly melted. The lead and copper are then stirred together in order to form as intimate a mixture of the two metals as possible.
- the copper will then take up a very small percentage of the lead; that is, about one half of one per cent. and forms with it' or gypsum are then added to purify the metal.
- the sulfur reduces an metallic oxids of the metals which may epresent in small quantities, acting as a reducing agent and converting any of the oxids of lead or copper to metallic copper and lead and giving off S0,.
- the plaster of Paris cleanses the molten-mass of metal of other impurities, such as silica, and the like, which I forms a thin liquid slag-upon the top of the mass of metal within the vessel, which may be skimmed oil before casting.
- phosphorus is added, preferably in the form of phosphor copper which as before stated, tends to toughen the composition.
- the mixture, before casting, is preferably violently agitated or otherwise treated so as to cause an intimate mixture of thecopperand the lead, producing a uniformly blended composition.
- composition is in the'usual manner cast in bars or in hollow brake shoes so as to form fillers for the same.
- lVhen cast in bars it is preferably attached to the brake band or shoe by means of soft copper screws so thatthe heads of the screws will be worn uniformly with the brake band and will not scratch or injure the face of the brake drum or pulley.
- a metallic lining for brake bands and the like containing substantially ,five part-s lead, three parts copper and a small percentage of a phosphorous alloy.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Description
MARY-M. HOLDEN, or NEW YORK, N. Y.
COMPOSITION FOR BRAKE-BANDLININGS.
No Drawing.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, MARY M. HOLDEN, a citizen of the United States, residing at the city of New York, in the borough of Brooklyn and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Composition for Brake-Band Linings, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.
This invention relates to a composition which is adapted for use as a lining for brake bands, brake shoes and the like.
One object of the invention is to provide a composition which, when used as a lining for brake bands, will permit a slight slippage between the member to be braked and the braking member when the brake is'first applied and so cause a stoppage of the member to be braked without any sudden shocks or jars.
Another object of the invention is to provide a composition which is softer than the brake drum or the like and yet possesses the requisite coherency between its particles to render unnecessary'any reinforcements, such as wire mesh or the like, to hold it together.
Another object is to provide a composition for this purpose which will have a relatively high melting point. i
Other objects and advantages -of my invention will appear from the following description.
The invention consists in a composition of the/character described, the essential constituents of which are copper and lead, the lead being in a greater percentage than cop per. Preferably, substantially three parts copper and five part-s lead are used. Lead is particularly suitable as a component of a brake band lining when combined with a stronger metal for the reason that its properties and characteristics are such that it will permita slight slippage between the lining and the braking member when the brake band or the like is frictionally applied. A small percentage of phosphorus in the form of phosphor copper may be added to the composition to give it additional toughness and hardness.
As is well known, copper in forming an alloy with lead will not take up more than approximately one-half of one'per cent. of
lead and form with it a true alloy. It is also I well known that in forming a lead-copper alloy, lead will not take up more than approximately one-half of one per cent. of
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Oct. 31, 1916.
I Application filed April 22, 1916. SerialNo. 92,966.
copper. The small quantities of lead and copper which are thus taken up have no material effect upon the characteristics of these two metals and the composition may therefore be regarded as a mechanical mixture of the two. 'In the mixture, the copper blends or amalgamates with the lead, making the mixture homogeneous throughout. When the composition is therefore cast into bars and utilized as a lining-for a brake band, shoe or other form of brake, the lead present in the contacting surface of the lining permits a slight slippage of the brake drum or other member to be braked when the brake band is first applied under a relatively slight pressure. This slippageis not, however, suflicient to prevent a positive braking action frombeing obtained, since the copper in the composition not only prevents any deformatioirin the lining due to the flow of Copper 36 per cent., lead 62% per cent., sulfur one half per cent., plaster of Paris-onehalf per cent., phosphor copper one-halfper cent., and with these constituents the composition is prepared as follows: The copper is first melted in a suitable vessel and the lead is then added. Since the melting point of lead is so much lower than the copper, the lead may be added to the molten copper in solid form and will .be quickly melted. The lead and copper are then stirred together in order to form as intimate a mixture of the two metals as possible. The copper will then take up a very small percentage of the lead; that is, about one half of one per cent. and forms with it' or gypsum are then added to purify the metal. The sulfur reduces an metallic oxids of the metals which may epresent in small quantities, acting as a reducing agent and converting any of the oxids of lead or copper to metallic copper and lead and giving off S0,. 'The plaster of Paris cleanses the molten-mass of metal of other impurities, such as silica, and the like, which I forms a thin liquid slag-upon the top of the mass of metal within the vessel, which may be skimmed oil before casting. After the copper and lead have been purified, phosphorus is added, preferably in the form of phosphor copper which as before stated, tends to toughen the composition. The mixture, before casting, is preferably violently agitated or otherwise treated so as to cause an intimate mixture of thecopperand the lead, producing a uniformly blended composition. 7
It is believed that the homogeneous mixture of the copper and lead'is obtained because of the sulfur which is added to the molten mass, since it has been found that without the addition of this sulfur it is Very difiicult, if not impossible, to obtain an intimate mixture of the lead and copper, which will not separate out before the metal cools.
The composition is in the'usual manner cast in bars or in hollow brake shoes so as to form fillers for the same. lVhen cast in bars, it is preferably attached to the brake band or shoe by means of soft copper screws so thatthe heads of the screws will be worn uniformly with the brake band and will not scratch or injure the face of the brake drum or pulley.
I claim:
1. A metallic lining .for brake bands and the like containing copper and lead in excess of the copper, the c'opper content being greater than that which will form a true alloy with the lead,
2. A metallic lining for brake bands and the like containing copper and lead in substantially the proportion of three parts copper to five parts lead.
3. A metallic lining for brake bands and the like containing substantially ,five part-s lead, three parts copper and a small percentage of a phosphorous alloy.
4. The for linings for brake bands cons sting in first melting a quantity of copper, then adding substantially a larger amount of lead thereto and permitting it to melt, then adding a small percentage of phosphorous alloy, then adding a small percentage of sulfur and plaster of Paris, then skimming the mixture and thoroughly mixing the ingredients as it is allowed to cool.
5. The process of preparing a composition for linings for brake bands, which comprises mixing molten copper, lead and sulfur together, agitating the molten mass and then casting.
, 6. The process of preparing a composition for linings for brake bands, which comprises mixing molten copper, lead, sulfur, gypsum and phosphorus, then stirring the molten mass, and casting. I
In witness whereof, I subscribe my signature, in the presence of two witnesses.
MARY HOLDEN.
process of preparing a composition
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US9296616A US1203338A (en) | 1916-04-22 | 1916-04-22 | Composition for brake-band linings. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US9296616A US1203338A (en) | 1916-04-22 | 1916-04-22 | Composition for brake-band linings. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1203338A true US1203338A (en) | 1916-10-31 |
Family
ID=3271272
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US9296616A Expired - Lifetime US1203338A (en) | 1916-04-22 | 1916-04-22 | Composition for brake-band linings. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1203338A (en) |
-
1916
- 1916-04-22 US US9296616A patent/US1203338A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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