US119899A - Improvement in electro-magnetic motors - Google Patents

Description

y 2 S.hees'-Shet 1. M. H. UTLEY 8L A. ROSS.

improvement in Electro-Magnetic Motor. N0. HQQQ. avented Oct. 10,187?.

zo "l p i S Ik w s' k Mines.; es Irweno m' 4 2 Sheets--Sheei i2. M. H. UTLEY & A. ROSS.

Improvement in Electro-Magnetic Motor.

No. 119,899. Paume@ oct. 1o, ism.

UNITED STATES liasse PATENT OFFICE.

IMPROVEMENT IN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC MOTORS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 119,899, dated October 10, 1871.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that we, MAURICE HOWELL UT- LEY, of the city of Montreal, in the district of Montreal, in the Province of Quebec, doctor ot' medicine, and ALEXANDER Ross, of same place, optician, have invented new and usei'ul 1miL )ro vements on Double-action Electro-hIagnetic Mctor; and we do hereby declare that the i'ollowing is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawing, where- Figure l represents an elevation of the motor with part of the outer set of magnets removed. Fig. 2 represents a vertical section of Fig. l. Figs. 3, 4, and 5 represent horizontal sections on line A B, Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 6 represents a sectional plan of compound commutator. Fig. 7 represents an elevation of saine. Fig. 8 represents a detail of electro-magnet. Fig. 9 represents a plan of simple commutator-switch. Fig. l() represents a section of condenser. Fig. ll represents a section of governor.

The object of the present invention is to pro duce a double-action electro-magnetic motor that may be made available for many purposes where rotary motion is required, including generally all those for which steam power is at present used, and many others for which steam power cannot easily be adapted; as, for example, the acting simultaneously upon all the brakes or' a railway train by the mere movement of a handle by the finger of any of the persons in charge of the train.

In the drawing hereunto annexed similar letters of reference indicate like parts.

a are two disks, of metal, forming the ends of a frame-work 3 these are attached together by three or more pillars, al, as desired. To these are attached two rings, b b1, by means of any suitable lugs, b2, formed on the pillars; or they may be attached in any desired or ordinary manner. In the center of the disks a a set-screw, b3, in each is provided, arranged with jam-nuts for adjusting and securing them in their required positions to hold the shaft c forming the axis of the machine. This is done by providing the shaft with male conical ends, and the setscrews with corresponding matrical ends, as shown in the drawing, Figs. l and 2, this being the r'orm of bearing giving the least frictional resistance, but, if required, the bearings may be made in any other suitable or ordinary form, as will be the case when the ends of the shaft require to be extended. Although but two rings, b1, and other parts, which will be hereinafter described, are shown in the drawing, their number may be increased as desired, or as found most beneiicial to the particular purpose for which the machine is applied. On the shaft c a cylinder or brass, cl, is secured by means or' a diaphragm, c2, in the center of the cylinder, and which may be cast in one with it, the cylinder cl extending on both sides of the diaphragm a sufficient extent to form a surface for attaching two sets of magnets, d d1. In the periphery oi' the cylinder c1 plates d?, oi' soft iron, are dovetailed or otherwise secured; there being two provided for each magnet, and inserted at equal distances around the periphery or' the cylinder, being turned to a true surface with it. At the back of the plates d? openings are formed in the cylinder, to allow the ends of the magnet core to pass and rest upon the plates d?, to which they are attached by screws, thus the plates become the poles ofthe magnets. lt will, therefore, be readily understood that c are the cores of the magnets, of soft iron, and c1 the ordinary insulated copper wire vwound around them in the usual way of forming an electromagnet. The wire c1 in this case is continuous in each series ot' magnets, I di, the current ot electricity entering on one coil, traversing in succession the whole, and leaving when it has completed the circuit of magnets. To the rings b bl 1nagnetsfj'1,of a similar character to those above described, as d d1,are attached, being equal in number to them, and disposed in the manner indicated in the drawing at equal distances, and their poles terminated in plates f2, corresponding to those d?. 'lhese are situated at equal distances in a eircle a little larger than the diameter of the cylinder c1, so that the two do not touch, but otherwise they will be brought as near as possible. In the arrangement of the two series of' magnets d dl, those marked d may be said to be placed in the position shown in Fig. 5, while those marked 1.1 are in the position shown in Fig. b or 4:, or, in other words, when the poles of the upper series l are opposite the poles or' the series j', the poles of the series (Il are intermediate with the poles of the series f1. This is to obviate the possibility oi the machine stopping in such a position that the switching on ot' the battery would fail to start it without other appliances, (as in the deadcenter oi' a single crank steam-engine5) and in case oi' using a greater number otl series of magnets, they will be so arranged that the poles ci" no two series will be in the same position at the same time with regard to the series oi' magnets.

The compound eonnuutators, by means of which the direction of the current is changed exactly at the points required in the series oi magnets d (Il, are shown in Figs. 1,2, 6, and 7 and are each constructed as follows: On the shaft c and inthe position shown in the drawing, Figs. l and 2, a piece of ebonite or other insulating materia-l, y, is placed, being secured to it; this is surmounted with two pieces of suitable metal, g1 g2, which do not touch each other in any part; these forni the terminals of the wire c1, one end being attached to g1 and the other to g2, the necessary insulation from every other part ofthe machine being' provided in the ordinaryT manner. rEhe terminals g1 g2 having longitudinally-proiecting parts corresponding to the number ot' poles in that series ot' magnets, d or d1, to which they are each oi" them attached, and so arranged that when revolving' with the axis a iixed spring, h, will pass alternately on each et' the longitudillally-proj ecting parts of g1 and g2, connecting it with one pole of the battery, while a similar spring, h1, placed as clearly shown in Fig. (3, connects the other terminal with the opposite pole of the battery 5 or, in other words, when the spring' 7L is in connection with the terminal g] the spring h1 is in connection with the terminal g2, and viceversa. On the shaft c pulleys 'L' of any suitable configuration are secured, for the purpose of transmitting the motion to any other body by means oi' belts, Smc., or worm or toothed gear-wheels may be used, it preferred.

Fig. 9 shows a plan ot' a simple commutatou switch i'or starting, stopping, or reversing the motion of the motor. In a pla-te, i, of any suitable material, studs N N l) P M M are inserted passing through it; they are connected as follows: N N to the negative pole of the battery, P P to the positive pole of the battery, and M M to the vsprings h h1, respectively. The studs above named are placed, as shown in the drawing, at equal distances from a common center, 7.1, and equally apart from each other, while from the center k two or four plates or' metal, kl, are fixed on arms I, of insulating material actuated by handle l1, by which the plates may be turned so as to connect N or l" with M on one side, and N or P with M on the other side. The plates k1 must also be of suoli a size that they may rest on the two studs M M without connecting or touching' any ot the others. Thus, when the motor is required to move in one direction, the plates k1 are so placed that they connect the studs M M with N and P', and to reverse the motion they connect M M with l) and N, when required to stop the motion they are placed on M M only.

Fig. 10 representsa section ot' a condenser simi.- lar to those used in connection with inductioncoils, and applied for a similar purpose with motor to collect the electricity induced in the wire by the demagnetization of the iron cores at the instant otl reversing the current or breaking' the circuit, and fully utilizing the battery power. This is constructed in the usual manner, viz.: A series of thin plates, of metal, such as tin-toil, are laid above each other with sheets oi' insulatin g material placed between each. to prevent contact, the alternate sheets oi' metals being connected together at their opposite ends, and the ends ot' the condenser being attached to the springs h 719.

Fig. ll represents a section of a governor i'or regulating the speed ot' the motor. It may be constructed on the shat't c, or made as a separate piece, as shown in the drawing, and placed any where in the electrical circuit. In this case it is constructed as i'ollowe On the spindle q carried by bearings in any ordinary manner, a, pulley, q, is placed for causing it to revolve with the motor by a belt. To the spindle is secured a cylindrical piece ot' insulating material, q2, the spindle passing' through its center. To the extremities of this are attached two metal rings, 1' 1" to r are attached two sprin r2, as shown in the drawing, having their lower extremities loaded with any suitably-lorined weights ot' metal, s, made to press upon the ring r1 with greater or less force, as required, by adjusting' the screws si. To place this in the electrical circuit two springs, s2, are provided to each ot the rin yr r1, one on each side ci" them, and having one of their cxtreinities pressing' on the rings, while the other is suitably attached to any stationary part ot' the machine, and connected to a part ot' the electrical wire, which may be severed for that purpose.

The parts r2, s, S1, and are made in duplicate in the drawing, i'or the purpose oi' greater surety oi' connection, and forming an equilibrium tothe spindle revolving at a high speed. lVhen the speed ofthe motor is such that it causes the centrifugal force ci" the weights s to overcome the action of the springs r2, they press outward and become separated from contact with ring rl,and consequently break the electrical circuit.

Referring again to Figs. l, 2, 3, l, and 5, the series ot' magnetsfj'1 are connected in the eircuit of electricity anywhere between one oil' the springs 71J or h1 and the battery. It desired, the electro-magnets ffl may be removed and iliermanent magnets used instead, or t-he series ot' ma gnet-s d il may be perm ancnt magnets, while those ffl are electro-magnets, the various other changes requisite, which will be well understood, being' made.

The operation of the motor is as follows: A suitable gal\fanic-battery being provided and its poles attached to the simple commutator-switch, as described in Fig. 9, from thence the current passes to the sprin lz. hl, and is by them transmitted, as here'inbe'iore described, to the magnets d dl, and having traversed the circuit ot' these in succession, (it being understood that each series of magnets acts separately,) then traverses in like manner the series oi" magnets j" f1, (when the electro-magnets are used5) but not bein g acted upon by the coi'npound eonnnutator it alwaystlows in the same direction. From these it passes through the switch, Fig. l0, to the other pole ofthe battery. this means the magnets d d1 are attracted as they revolve to the magnets '1 and as each of the poles in series d and d1 pass these 1n f f1, the poles being reversed by the action of the compound commutator in the revolving magnets, their action is rendered double by attracting them as they approach, and repelling them immediately on passing. rI his may be better understood by reference to Fig. 5, in which the pole l of the magnet is attracted by the pole 2 and repelled by the pole 3, and so on all round the series.

Having thusl described the construction and operation of our invention7 to which we have given the name of double action electromagnetic motor, what we claim as our invention, and wish to secure by Letters Patent, is as follows:

l. Two sets of magnets d d1, each having their poles in a pair of soft-iron plates, d2, and all arranged upon a brass cylinder, c1, combined with corresponding sets of magnets j' f1, having their poles in soft-iron plates f2, and arranged upon rings b b1, whose circumference is greater than that of cylinder c1, so that when the magnets d and fare opposite the magnets all and f1 are intermediate, as and for the purpose specied.

2. The insulating material g on shaft c, the two pieces of metal g1 g2 not touching each other, the wire e, and pair of springs h h', combined and arranged as a compound commutator, in the manner described, and for the purpose specified.

3. The plate i1, provided with studs M M', N N', and P P' arranged thereon at equal distances apart and from the center 7c, and the pair of plates k fixed on insulating arms Z, when all are applied to springs h h and the negative and positive poles of the battery, to form an improved switch, as and for the purpose specified.

4. The magnets d d1 andf f 1, having their poles inA soit-iron plates d2 f2, the compound commutator c g g1 g2 h h' c, the switch M M' N N P P' k k' l, the governor q q2 o" r1 r2 s2 s, and the ordinary condenser, combined and arranged in an electrical motor, as and for the purpose specified.

5. The governor, composed of spindle q, cylinder q2, rings r frl, springs r2 and s2, and weights s, arranged and operating substantially in the manner and for the purpose described.

M. H. UTLEY. ALEXR. ROSS.

Witnesses:

CHARLES LEGGE, CHARLES G. C. SIMPSON. i

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