US1197732A - Motion-picture-printing mechanism. - Google Patents

Description

A. F. GALL.

MOTION PICTURE PRINTING MEcHANIsIvI.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 22, 1912.

Patented sept. 12,1916.

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1 m um@ A. F. GALL.

MOTION PICTURE PRINTING MECHANISM.

APPLlcATloN FILED MAY 22. 1912.

1,197,732. Patented .12,1916.

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MOTION ICTURE PRINTING NIECHANISIVI.

Patented Sept. 12, 1916.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

CATION FILED MAY 22. 1912.

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A. F. GALL.

MOTION PICTURE PRINTING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 22. I9I2.

1 1 97,732 Patented Sept. 12, 1916.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

mln/asses: zgan/02h A. F. GALL.

MoTmN PICTURE PRINTING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 22. 1912.

1 1 97,732. Patented Sept. 12, 1916.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ADOLPH F. GALL, OF WEST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN- MENTS, TO NEW JERSEY PATENT COMPANY, OF WEST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY, A

CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

MOTION-PICTURE-PRINTING MECHANISM.

Application filed May 22, 1912.

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, ADoLrH F. GALL, a citizen of the United States, residing at lest Orange, in the county of Essex, State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Motion-Picture-Printing Mechanisms; and I do declare the following to be a full, true, and exact description of the said invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make use of the same.

In an application filed October 12th, 1911, No. 654,225, I described a method of producing motion pictures, including the making of a motion picture negative in reversed sequence from a motion picture negative in original sequence. By original sequence I mean the order in which the pictures are originally taken, in the motion picture camera. This usually is such that the first picture is adjacent the sky line of the second picture, the second picture is adjacent the sky line of the third picture, and so on to the end of the negative. By reversed sequence, I means a sequence of pictures which is the reverse of the original sequence,7 the position of each picture in reference to the axis of the film being unchanged. Thus, if the original sequence is the one I have just described, in the reverse sequence, the first picture is adjacent the ground line of the second picture, instead of the sky line of the second picture, the second picture is adjacent the ground line of the third picture, instead of the sky line of the third picture, and so on throughout the strip. I have devised the mechanism which I am about to describe as a convenient means for producing such negatives in reversed sequence. although such mechanism is capable of other uses, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. In producing such a negative in reverse sequence, it is desirable to have a printing machine in which a positive may be made from a negative in original sequence and, when this positive is developed and dried, in which a negative may be made therefrom. I prefer to accomplish this printing by what isknown as the projection method, in which the light, after passing through the negative film, passes through a lens before it reaches the sensitized surface. When this projection method is employed, if the negative film and Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 12, 1916.

Serial No. 698,888.

the sensitized surface are moved in opposite directions, the sensitized surface will be printed in the same sequence as the negative, and on the other hand, if the two films are moved in the same direction the sensitized surface will be printed in reverse sequence.

In using the apparatus which I am about to describe, it is obvious that `in order to produce a negative in reverse sequence, it may be done either b v printing first 'on a sensitized surface with the films moving in opposite directions. and then printing from the positive film made by this first printing with the films moving in the same direction, or by making the first positive print with the original negative and the sensitized film moving in the same direction, and the second print with the first positive print and the sensitized film moving in opposite directions. move the sensitized surface in a plane parallel to that of the negative, but in a direction other than parallel to the direction of motion of the negative film. For instance, if it is desired to produce a film in which the pictures, instead of lying with their sides parallel to the edge of the film as is usual, have their tops and bottoms parallel to such edge, it may be done in my novel mechanism by moving the sensitized film in a direction at right angles to that of the negative film. It is also desirable in any printing apparatus that it be so arranged as to be operated in the light as much as possible and with my novel mechanism I accomplish this end also. It is also desirable that a printing machine, particularly of the type which I have illustrated, shall be provided with a shutter, the exposure opening of which can be regulated. It will be understood that the time of exposure in a printing machine having the usual rotary shutter is controlled by the speed of rotation of the shutter and by the size of the opening. My printing machine is intended to be operated at a constant predetermined speed, although it is possible, of course, to change this speed at any time desired. The best method for determining the time of exposure to be .used in printing from a given negative is by making an exposure and developing it and using this as a basis for the next test. This method, however, involves considerable time, and I have found it conven- It may also be desirable at times toient to provide means by which I may take a series of successive exposures on a test strip, each exposure being made with a predetermined length of exposure. IVheu this strip is developed, the picture which has been correctly exposed can be immediately determined and the mechanism set to give that length of exposure for the remainder of' the negative. I accomplish this end in the particular' device which I have chosen for the purpose of illustration by providing a rotary shutter composed of a plurality of blades arranged to fold back on each other and a device operated automatically by which the size of the opening of the shutter is increased before each successive exposure by a predetermined amount, as for instance, fifty per cent., so that a series of pictures is taken on the test strip with exposures ranging from the minimum possible with the shutter to the maximum.

lVith these and other objects in view, my invention consists of' certain novel features of construction, combination and arrangement of parts as will be more fully described and pointed out in the appended drawings and claims.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of my complete printing machine. Figs. 2 and 3 are front and side elevations respectively, and Fig. 4 a section on 4 i of Fig. 2, of the mechanism for moving the negative, or the film from which the print is to be made. partially in section, of the mechanism for moving the sensitized film, and Fig. (3 is a cross section of Fig. 5 taken on the line 6 6. Fig. 7 is an enlarged cross section of Fig. 1 taken on the line 7 7. Fig. 8 is a cross section of part of the mechanism shown in Figs. 5 and 6 and taken on the line 8 8 of Fig. 5. Fig. 9 is a partial section taken on the line 9 9 of Fig. 8. Fig. 10 is an enlarged partial section of the device shown in Figs. 8 and 9. Fig. 11 is an enlarged detail of the intermittent devices for moving the film. Fig. 12 is an enlarged end elevation of the shutter shown in place in Fig. Fig. 13 is a side elevation of the shutter with its driving and adjusting mechanism. Fig. 14 is an enlarged partial section of the shutter and some of its mechanism. Fig. 15 shows a portion of the shutter adjusting mechanism, looking at the shutter in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 14. Fig. 1G shows a detail of Fig. 12. Fig. 17 is a'disassembled perspective view of the shutter.

The corresponding parts are referred to both in the ldrawings and the following description by similar reference characters.

Referring particularly to Fig. 1, 20 is a base on which the various parts of my printing mechanism are mounted. 21 is a source of light. illustrated as a Nernst lamp. 22 is a system of condensers to concentrate Fig. 5 is a side elevation,y

the light from said lamp on the film to be printed. 23 represents generally the mechanism for moving the negative film or the film from which the print is to be made; 24 is a source of' power for driving this mechanism, and 25 represents generally the mechanism for moving the sensitized film. The lamp, condenser, negative moving mechanism and sensitized film moving mechanism are each slidably mounted on the base 20 so as to be brought into proper relation with each other, and are each clamped to the base by a device illustrated in Fig. T. in which the block 26 is pressed against the base 20 by the eccentric rod 27 which is lnoved by the handle 28. As shown in Fig. l, a belt 29 connects thc source of power with the negative moving mechanism' 23, driving a pulley 30.

As is shown particularly in Figs. 2, 3, and 4, the mechanism for moving the negative film is of the usual type in which a sprocket 31 is given an intermittent motion by the usual (eneva stop, illustrated particularly in Fig. 11, and in which the film is fed continuously by the sprockets 32 and 33, the film being carried down through a guide-way formed in the plates 34, 35, past an opening 3G in such plates. The power from the pulley 30 is distributed to the various sprockets lliy the gearing illustrated particularly in By the mechanism ust described, the film is unreeled from the reel 37 (Fig. 1), carried intermittently past the opening 3G, and reeled up on the reel 38 (Fig. 1), all in the usual manner. An adjustable roller 39 is provided to change the path of the film so as to bring each picture thereon directly opposite the opening 36 when the film comes to rest.

Referring now particularly to Figs. 5 and 6, the base 40 has two arms 41, 42. The arm 42 is arranged at its upper end as a split bearing to carry a trunnion 43, the handle 44 serving to turn a screw to clamp this bearing on the trunnion, in'a well-known manner. The trunnion 43 is hollow throughout its length and at one end carries a lens in a mount 45, which lens may be adjusted longitudinally of the trunnion by the usual screw threaded mount and locked by the screw 46. The upper end of the arm 41 is bored out to receive a bushing 47. this bushing in turn being hollowed out and provided with a closing plug 48 having a sleeve portion 48 made of a tube of brass and split as shown, to hold it movably in the sleeve 47. 49 is a light-tight box fastened at one end to the bushing 47, and at the other end to a frame represented generally by 50, this frame carrying the various parts necessary to move the sensitized film, and the trunnion 43 being attached thereto. 51 is a film box which carries the reel of sensitized film to be printed, and 52 is a film box provided with a rotating spool or core on which the film is to be wound up after having been printed. In general, the mechanism for moving the sensitized film is the same as the mechanism for moving the negative film, consisting of a sprocket 53 operated intermittently by a Geneva movement, such as is illustrated in Fig. 11. The sprocket 54 draws the sensitized film from the box 51 and the sprocket 55 takes up the film as it passes the intermittent sprocket 53 and feeds it to the box 52. Rollers 54u and 55, shown out of position, may be thrown into engagement with sprockets 54I and 55, respectively, to hold the film in contact therewith. A gate 56 carries spring controlled guides 57 by which the sensitized film is pressed against the plate 58 during the printing operation, the light for such printing passing through the opening 58 in the plate 58. The center of the opening 58 is in line with the axis of the lens in the mount 45, and, of course, is also in the axis of the trunnion 43. In Figs. 8, 9, and 10 the structure of this gate with its spring controlled guides is shown more in detail. The gate 56 is pivoted at 60 and is held in place by the latch 59. The gate 56 has inwardly projecting portions 61 to which is pivoted a frame 63 by screws 62, which frame therefore may be oscillated sidewise (Fig. 8) around the centers 62. Members 65 are mounted in grooves 64 in the frame 63 so as to be movable toward and away from the plate 58. They are held against the plate 58 by flat springs 66 attached to the frame 63 and pressing against the tops and bottoms of the members 65. This arrangement provides a support for the guides 57 capable of taking up any inequalities in the film, and of providing a uniform tension on each side thereof.

A rotary shutter 67 is shown in Figs. 5 and 6, mounted on a shaft 68 and connected through suitable gearing with the mechanism which drives the film-moving sprockets, and therefore operating in unison therewith. This shutter may be of the ordinary rotary type having a segment removed therefrom to provide an exposure opening and is preferably placed between the end of the trunnion 43 and the exposure opening 58. It may be placed in various positions, however, other than the specific one shown. The position in which I have shown it, however, is the -preferred one, since it there acts practically as a focal plane shutter. For many purposes I prefer to use a form of shutter illustrated particularly in Figs. 12 to 16, inclusive, which will be described hereafter. Power to move the various parts of the sensitized film moving mechanism is conveyed through a shaft 69 connected through the splined sleeve 7 0 to the shaft 71 (Fig. 1) driven from the negative moving mechanism 23. The sleeve is provided so that the mechanisms 23 and 25 may be moved toward and away from each other. The shaft 69 has on its end a gear 72 meshing in an intermediate gear 73, which, in turn, meshes in a gear 74, rotatably mounted on the trunnion 43. The gear 74 has teeth on two portions thereof, one of which is outside of the box 49, and the other inside the box, a groove being cut in the hub of the gear and the box 49 fitting into such groove to make the box light-tight. The inner teeth of the gear 74 engages with gears which convey power to the shutter and the film-moving sprockets, as shown particularly in Figs. 5 and 6. The gearing connecting the mechanisms 23 and 25 is arranged so that, when the sensitized filmmoving mechanism is in the position shown in Fig. 5, the negative film and the sensitized film will each move downward, the sprocket 53 being arranged to turn in such a direction as to pull the film toward it past the opening 58. A pin 75 in the base 40 is arranged to enter holes in the frame 50 to lock that frame and the box 49 in position. The pin is controlled by a handle 76 (Fig. 1) so that it may be withdrawn to permit the box 49 and the frame 50 to be turned on the trunnions 43 and 47 into any desired position.

For most purposes, the frame 50 will be heldeither in the position shown in Fig. 5 or in the position directly opposite to that position, with the pin 75 engaging in the hole 77. In this latter position the intermittent sprocket 53 will be above the center of the trunnion and when the mechanism is moving, the sensitized film will be pulled upward instead of downward, as it is with the mechanism in the position shown in Fig. 5. It is obvious, however, that by providing suitable engaging holes similar to' 77 and by making pin 75 of sufficient length, the frame 5() can be held in any position so as to move the sensitized film in any desired direction across the axis of the trunnion 43, and therefore of the lens in the mount 45. The shifting of the frame 50 from one position to another is accomplished without disturbing the gearing in any manner or the driving connection between the mechanisms 23 and 25. While I have shown the gears 72, 73 and 74 and others connecting the gear 74 with the various sprockets as of the helical type, it is obvious that ordinary spur gearing could also be used.

Assuming now that it is desired to make a print in reverse sequence, the lamp 21 and the condensers 22 will be adjusted until the light from the lamp is concentrated on the opening 36 of the negative-moving mechanism 23. The reel of negative or the film from which the print is to be made is placed in the mechanism 23 and the film threaded up as shown particularly in Fig. 4 and led down to the reel 38, the roller 39 being used to position one picture of the negative squarely in front of the opening 36. To produce a print in reverse sequence the frame 50 and the box 49 will be in the position shown in Fig. The box 51, loaded with sensitized film, is placed in the box 49 and the end of the film threaded up in the mechanism as shown in Fig. 5, being passed behind the gate 56, which is then open, and around the various sprockets and into the box 52. The box .49 is provided with a door 78 by which access to the box 49 is had. The gate 56 is then closed and locked by the latch 59, the spring-held guides 57 pressing the film against the frame 58 at the opening 58. The negative picture is focused 0n the sensitized film by adjusting the lens 45 and, if required, by shifting the mechanism 23 in respect to the mechanism 25, the plug 48 being at this time removed so that the image thrown on the sensitized film may be viewed. After the focus is obtained, the plug -18 is put in place and the door 78 closed to make the box 49 light-tight. Now, if power is turned on, the mechanisms 23 and 25 move in unison, a fresh section of sensitized film being brought down opposite the opening 59 at the same time that a new picture on the negative comes in front of the opening 36, the shutter 67 rotating in such a fashion as to allow the light from the lamp 2.1 `to pass through the negative picture to the sensitized film. After the printing of the film in reverse sequence is finished, the film will be removed from the box 52 developed and dried and, if it is now desired to obtain a print from this film, but in original sequence, the operation is repeated, the newly developed film being placed in the mechanism 23 and a fresh section of sensitized film being placed in the mechanism 25. The pin 75 is withdrawn and the frame 50 and the box 49 turned on the trunnions 43v and 47 until the pin 75 engages in the hole 77. Now when the mechanism is started the film from which the print is to be made on the sensitized film will move step by step in opposite directions and the print will therefore be made in original sequence. In order to allow the frame 50 to turn easily in the bearing 42, the handle 44 is operated to unclamp the trunnion 43 and after the frame 50 is in its new position, the trunnion is again clamped by moving the handle 44. While I have shown two positions for the frame 50, it is obvious that if it is desired to Vprint a film in which the pictures lie longitudinally of the film instead of cross wise, the frame 50 will be turned through 90 degrees only, in which case, the vnegative and sensitized films will move at right angles to each other and produce pictures either in original or in reverse sequence according as the sprocket 53 of Fig. 6 is at the right or the left of the center o the lens in the mount 45.

In Figs. l2 to 16 I have illustrated a special type of shutter which I find useful in connection with my printing machine just described. The shaft 68 rotates in a bearing 79 and another not shown, each supported by the frame 50. The shaft 68 is hollow and has a second shaft 80 loosely mounted therein and projecting through the bearing 79. The sleeve shaft 68 has a hub 81 attached to the inner end thereof, and the collar 82 attached to the opposite end thereof, and is also provided with the gear 83 meshing in gearing connected to the gear 74. The inner end of the shaft 80 is provided with a hub 84, and the outer end with a knurled collar 85. The spring 86 in a hollow in the collar 85 produces end pressure between the hub 81 and the hub 84 to hold the shafts 68 and 81 in adjusted position. The shutter proper is made up of three blades 87, 88 and 89. Each blade is a circular disk with a sector cut away leaving an outside ring and a solid sector or blade extending to the center, reference characters 87 88 and 89 (Fig. 12) representing the cutaway portions or openings in the plates 87, 88 and 89 respectively. These blades are of such area that when the blades are in the position shown in Fig. 12, there will be a slight opening between 87 and 89, while the blade 88 overlaps the blade 89 and the blade 87 overlaps the blade 88. The blade 89 is attached to the hub 81 and hence to the shaft 68, and rotates therewith at all times in a fixed relation. 90 is a cam ring fastened to the periphery of blade 89 and consists of a complete ring having sections of its periphery removed for a purpose which will be described hereafter. The blade 87 is fastened to the hub 84 of the shaft 80 and will be rotated, therefore, relatively to the blade 87, when the knurled collar 85 attached to the shaft 80 is turned. The blade 88 is provided with a pin 91 shown more in detail in Fig. 16. This blade 88 is also provided at that portion of its ring opposite the solid sector of the blade with a projection 92 carrying a pin 93, similar to the pin 91. The blade 89 has a pin 94 similar to the pin 91. The blade 87 has attached to its ring a notched segment 95. To a portion of the frame of the printing machine is attached a bracket supporting a.

-it may engage with the segment 95.

position shown in Fig. 12, and after the machine is threaded up as before explained, it is Started. When the machine is up to full speed, the eccentric 98 is turned to allow the spring to throw the pawl 96 down so rhat his engagement is prevented, however, so long as the cam portion 97 of thel pawl 96 rests on the high part of the ring 90. When the cam portion 97 Vreaches one of the depressions shown in the periphery of the ring 90, the pawl 96 is permitted to drop downward and engage with the segment 95, and therefore hold it stationary and with it the blade 87. The parts are shown in this position in Fig. 15, the cam portion 97 having dropped into a depression in ring 90 allowing the pawl 96 to engage the segment 95. The blade 89 being driven by the shaft 68 continues in motion, carrying with it frictionally the blade 88. This relative motion of the blades continues until another high art of the ring 90 is reached by the portion 9% of the pawl 96 when the pawl 96 is disengaged from the segment 95 and the shutter makes one revolution with the blades in their new relative position, with the original opening increased by the desired increment. On the next rotation of the shutter, the pawl 96 again engages with the segment 95 but only for such time as the portion 97 of the pawl 96 is traveling in the next low portion of the ring 90'. In this w'ay the blades of the shutter are moved backward step by step at each rotation of the shutter and thus each successive exposure .is made with an increased size of opening. It will be understood that the pins 91, 93 and 94 are stops to limit the relative motions of the blades. When the blade 87 is held against rotation and the blade 89 is rotated by the shaft 68, the blade 88 is carried frictionally with the bla-de 89 until the pin 91 contacts with the edge of blade 87. Further relative motion between the blades 87 and 88 is thus prevented and the friction between the blades 88 and 89 overcome and further motion of the shaft 68 causes the blade 89 to move across the blade 88 until pm 94 contacts with the edge of blade 88. The pin 93 contacting with the edge of blade 87, and the pin 94 contacting with the projection 92 of the blade 88, serve to limit the minimum opening of the blade.

After the test piece is printed, as indicated above, and developed and that picture having the proper exposure determined, the

shutter can be set to the same opening which produced that picture by turning the nurled washer 85 which controls the sector 87 Since the machine is stationary at this time, the blade 89 will be held against rotation bythe shaft 68. It is to be understood that the mechanism which I have ,illustrated is only one form of means which may be devised whereby a test strip can be made which has a series of pictures, each made with a predetermined amount of exposure and the exposure of each picture of the series being greater by a predetermined increment than the exposure of the preceding picture, and I do not wish to limit myself to the particular form which I have illustrated.

Having now described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is as follows:

1. In a motion picture printing machine, a lens, means to move a motion picture negative intermittently across the optical axis of said lens, means to move a sensitized film across said axis and in a plane parallel to the plane of motion of said negative, and means adapted and arranged to control said last named means, so that the latter may move the sensitized film in any desired direction with relation to the direction of motion of said negative.

2. In a motion picture printing machine, a lens, means to move a motion picture negative intermittently across the optical axis of said lens, means to move a sensitized film across said axis and in a plane parallel to the plane of motion of said negative, said last-named means being adapted and arranged to move the film in a direction either the same as, or opposite to, that of said negative, at the will of the operator.

3. In a motion picture printing machine, a lens, means to move a motion picture negative intermittently across the optical axis of said lens, means to move a sensitized film in a plane parallel to that of said ne ative and in unison therewith, said sensitize film moving means being mounted so as to be moved around the axis of said lens.

4. Ina motion picture printing machine, a lens, means to move a motion picture negative intermittently across the optical axis of said lens, means to move a sensitized film in a plane parallel to that of said negative and in unison therewith, said sensitized film moving means being mounted so as t0 be moved around the axis of said lens, a driving mechanism connecting said negativemoving means and said sensitized film moving means constructed and arranged to maintainsuch connection, irrespective of the relative positions of said means.

5. In a motion picture printing machine, a lens, means to support and move a sensitized film across the axis of said lens, and' means by which said 'supporting and moving means may be located so as to move said film across said axis in any predetermined direction.

6. In a motion picture printing machine, a lens, means to move a sensitized film across the axis of said lens, means by which said moving means may be located so as to move said film across said axis in any predetermined direction, a source of power, mechanism connecting said source with said moving means, said mechanism being constructed and arranged so that said source is always connected to said moving means ir` respective of the position of the latter.

7. In a motion picture printing machine, a hollow trunnion and means for supporting and moving a film across the axis of said trunnion, said means being supported by said trunnion and movable around said axis.

8. In a motion picture printing machine, a hollow trunnion, a lens in said trunnion having its axis in the axis of said trunnion, and means for supporting and moving a film across the axis of said trunnion, said means being supported by said trunnion and movable around said axis.

9. In a motion picture printing machine,

a pair of parallel hollow trunnions having a common axis, ya lens in one of said trunnions having its axis in the axis of said trunnions, means for supporting andmoving a film across the axis of said` trunnion,

said means being supported by said trunnrions and movable around saidaxis. v

10. In a motion picture printing machine, a hollow trunnion, means for supporting and moving a film across the axis of said trunnion, said means being supported by said trunnion and movable around said axis, a member mounted to turn freely on said trunnion, means to drive said member and mechanism connecting said member with said film moving means.

11. In a motion picture printing machine av base, a pair of parallel supports carried by said base, a light-tight box mounted to turn on said supports and means in said box to support and move a film.

'2. In a motion picture printing machine, a base, a pair of parallel supports carried by said base, a light-tight box mountedto turn on said supports` and means in said box to support and move a film, a source of' power outside said box and mechanism to connectsaid source of power with said Hlm moving means.

13. In aV motion picture printing machine, a base, a pair of parallel supports carried by said base, one of said supports being hollow, a lens its axis in the axis of said support, a lighttight box mounted to turn on said supports and means insaid box to support and move ailm `across the axis of said lens.

14. In a motion picture printing machine, a source of li ht, a lens, means for moving a negative `motion icture film intermittently across the axis oi) said lens and between it and said source of light, means for supporting and moving a sensitized film intermittently ,in a plane parallel'with the plane of said negative lm and with said lens between 'it and said negative, a shutter located bein said hollow support having tween said sensitized ilm and said lens and arranged to cut olf the light from said sensitized film while the latter is -moving, and supports for said sensitized film supporting `and moving means, and said shutter, consupport and move a sensitized film past said opening in unison with said negative, a rotary shutter adapted and arranged to pass across said opening, and the exposure opening in said shutter while it is rotating, said mechanism being operable' to so alter said exposure opening during any given speed of operation of the printing machine.

16. In a motion picture printing machine, a frame having an exposure opening, means for supporting and moving a negative film past said opening, means for supporting and moving a sensitized film past said opening in unison with said negative, a shutter adapted and rarranged to move across said opening, and mechanism for automatically altering the exposure opening in said shutter during movement of the latter, said mechanism bein operable to so alter said exposure opening urin any given speed of operation of the printing machine, substantially as described. v

17. In amotionfpicture machine, means for supporting and moving a film across the path of the light from a source of light, a shutter adapted and arranged to move between the film and the source of light and to cut off the light from said film, and mechanism for automatically altering the exposure opening in said shutter during the movement of the latter, said mechanism .being operable to so alter said exposure opening during any given speed of operation of the motion picture machine, substantially as described. 1,8. In a motion picture machine, means f or supportin and moving a lm across the path of the light from a source of 1i ht, a rotary shutter disposed between sai lilm and the source of light and adapted and arranged to cut oil the light from said lm, and mechanism for automatically altering the exposure opening in said shutter while it is rotating, said mechanism being operable Ato so alter said exposure opening duringany given speed of' operation of the motion picture machine, substantially as described.

19. In a motion picture machine, means for supporting and moving a film across the path of the light from a source of light, a. rotary shutter disposed between said film and the source of light and adapted and arranged to cut off the light from said film,

20. In amotion picture -machine, means Afor' supporting and moving a film across the path of the light from a source of light, a rotary shutter disposed between 'said film and the source of li ht and adapted and arranged to cut ofi' t e light from said film,

and means for automatically increasing,

step by step, the exposure opening in said shutter While it is rotating, substantially as described.

21. In a motion picture machine, means for supporting and moving a film across the path of the light from a source of light, a rotary shutter disposed between said `film and the source of light and adapted and arranged to cut .off the light from said film, and means for automatically increasing, step by step, the exposure opening in said shutter While it is rotating and for effecting the successive steps of increase in such exposure opening in successive rotations of the shutter respectively, substantially as described.

22. In a motion picture machine, means for moving a film across the path of the light from a source of light, a shutter adapted and arranged to move-between said film and the source of light and to cut ofi= the light from said film, and means for automatically varying, step by step, theexposure opening in said shutter during the movement of the latter, substantially as described.

23. In a motion picture machine, means for moving a film across the path of the light from a source of light, a shutter adapt ed and arranged to .move between said film and the source of light and to cut ofi the light from said film, and means for automatically Varying, step by step, the exposure opening in said shutter during the movement of the latter and for effecting successive steps of variation in such exposure opening in successive movements of the shutter respectively, substantially as described.

This specification signed and witnessed this 14th day of May, 1912.

ADOLPH F. GALL. A Witnesses:

HENRY LANAHAN,

ANNA R. KLEHM.

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