US1194687A

US1194687A - Ihghottse

Info

Publication number: US1194687A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1916-08-15
Anticipated expiration: 1933-08-15

Description

G. WESTINGHOUSE. DECD. n.' n. wesmsnousz, c. A. mmv A w. n. uPreenArr, sxscurons.

MULTISTAGE COMPRESSOR.

APPLICATION min SEPT. a. |910.

annesse;

m' f n eine ennemi' onwrcn Y f GEORGE WEsiume'rnonsE,` .0E PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA; HEEEJYHEEMAE wEsT- INeHoUsE, s A. TERRY, Ann WALTER-zo. UPTEeneiE Enncurons or snm GEORGE wEsTmGnousE, nEoEAsE'n.

y MULTISTAGE oonrnnsson.

i To all @0.7mm t 'may concern:

HOUSE, a citizen of the United States, and e resident of Pittsburgh, in the county oit Al- U legheny and. State of Pennsylvania, bave made e new andusefnl Invention in Multistage Compressors, of which the following is aspeciication. ,Y

This invention relates tocompressors and has for en. objectY to produce a new, improved and compact multistage or compound compressor.

A urtber object is to produce a compressor adapted to be employed in connection with the compression system of en internalcombustion engine. y

il; E ther object is to produce e compressor for compressing tbe-air component o the charge Afor an internal combustion en gine, and also` to produce mea-.ns Afor introducing `fuel into tlie air after it is' compressed;

A further object is to produce o compressor, which means are employed for discharging the compressed air into the distribV uting system of an internal combustion lengine and into a storagetanlr or reservoir; or for discharging tbe compressed air, either into tbe tank or Ydistribtuting system,

These end other objects l attain in aeompresser embodying the ieaturesliereindescribed, and illustrated in the-drawings ect'nis application and forming e part thereof.

ln the drawings: Figure 1 is e vertical section of a compressor embodying my invention ;Y Fig. 2 is eiragmental plein view of the lower portion of the compressor casing,

a portion being shown broken away and in.

section for convenience of illustration; sind Fig. 3 is e rngmental. sectional view correspondingy to the section of Fig. l and illustrates the .arrangement of the Adischarge valveiof the compressor on an enlarged scale.

Referring to the drawings: The compressor illustrated, as an embodiment of 'my invention, consists of a cylindrical casing formed in two parts 4l and 5, and a compound piston located within the casing `sind `Ieci'pro'cated by means of a connecting rod 6. The lower portion 5 of the casing is A bored to two diameters, the cylindricalscliamber 7 formed byA the larger bore, being lo- Speccetion of-Letters notent. l Pmggd Aug; 15, 191,6, Applies-tion inea september e, i910. serial 530,971. A i

vcetedin tle'upper portion ofthe partij, in Be it known that l', GEORGE lVEs'rlNo-'r communication with the air inlet ports of the compressor. VThe upper part' l 4 of the casing is bored so as to form e, single com? pression chamber 8 and is secured in place on the part 5 by any suitable means, such as bolts 9, .so as to close tbe upper -end'o Vtlie f chamber l'l'.

The compound piston consists of e, hollow piston ll, adapted to operate in the chomber 8 to finally compress the oir, a pistoni?,

integrally formed with the piston ll and adapted to operate in the chamber 1 and a 'trunk pistonl, on which the pistons' ll and lare mounted, The piston i3 1s o" smaller Y diameter than the piston l2 and is adapted to operate in the smaller bore of the lower part 5 ci the A passage .lll is i'ormefl within walls of the lower part or" the casing and communicates with an air inlet port l5, :termed inthe casing, and o series of inlet ports '16,

arranged in an annular row around tbe casing. The ports l@ communicate with the chamber 'l and ore controlled by ring 4shaped volvo l?, which seats, by its own weight, to close tbe ports, and is lield i'irrnly against its seat by the pressure within toe 'chamber "Z during' the compression strolreof tlie piston l2.

luring the downward stroke of the com- 'pound piston of tbe compressor, tlie valve l? is unece-ted by the efternal prenre oi' the air, and the 'chamber "Z' is lled with oir, During the upward stroke of the piston, tlcn valve l? seats to close the ports 16 and in firmly held on its seat by the increasing duid pressure witliin the chamber T, as llas been stated.l The air conned in the chamber is forced, through an annuler row of ports 18 formed in tbe piston 12, into en annular space segregated from tbe chamber 7 by the compound piston, and located between the cylindrical wall of the chamber 7 the cylindrical wall of the trunk piston 13, the lower side of the piston l2 and ashoulder 19, `formed on the lower part 5 of .the casing by the difference in diameters between tli'e bores.

The ports 18 are controlled by av rino', shaped valve 2l, which is adapted to beheld in its closed position on the piston 1 2 by the preponderance of pressureiin the segre- "f an annular series of passages 22 formed in `an-annular projection 23 ofthe trunk pis- -tonv13. The passages 22 may be drilled in the u projection 23 and they communicate with a chamber 24I located within the piston 11.

A ring shaped valve 25 is located on the projection 23 and controls the delivery "through the passages 22. The valve is adapted to seat by its own weight and is held in the closed position by the pressure in the chamber 24.

The chamber 24 communicates with the chamber 8 through a'port 26, which is controlled by a puppet valve 27 carried by the piston 11 and operating. as a check valve between the chamber 24 and the chamber 8. The chamber 8 is sho-wn lined with a brass bushing 29, and a discharge valve 301 is mounted on the upper end of the bushing 25 and controls a discharge port 31 formed in the bushing. The discharge port communicates, through a suitable discharge passage, with a chamber 32 formed in 'a cap portion 33, which is bolted to the casing, and

I the chamber 32 kmay communicate with a compressed air distributing system through pipe 34. I'

A recess 35 is formed in the casing and isadapted to communicate with a pressure 35 storing tank (not shown) through piping I' 36. The recess 35 communicates with the port 31 through a passage 37 ,which is controlledf by the valve 30. A passage 38 is i also formed in the casing and communicates 40 with the recess 35 and an annular passage 39 formed in a screw plug. 40, which holds the upper end of the bushing in place. The -passage 39 communicates with the discharge passage above thev valve 30 and is cony trolled vby a ring shaped valve 4l, which is held toits seat, so as to close the recess 39,

by the pressure within the discharge passage.- The valve 30'is held'to its seat on the bushing 29 by means of an adjustable coiled 'y 51)/ spring 42, which surrounds the stem of the valve. The piston 12 is provided with a suitable pls'ton ring 43, which'is located in an anl nular recess formed in lthe cylindrical wall of the piston and is adapted to engage the A cylindrical wall of the chamber 7. The pis-v ton 13 is provided with a similar packing j ring 44,'which is located in a recess formed in the lower end of the piston and is adapt-v -ed to engage' the cylindrical' wall of the smaller bore of the part 5. Any suitable form of packing rings may be employed. 'A

series of packing rings 45 surround the pis` t0n 11 and are located in a recess formed concentrically with the bore of the chamber 8. The packing rings are held in place bv means of an annular screw plug, which surrounds the piston 11 and is adapted to be screwed into the part 4 of the casing.

I find it convenient to introduce the lubricant for the compressor into the air entering the inlet port 15. In this way, I am 'able to lubricate all the working surface of the compressor, and at the same time' provide means for maintaining the packings air tight. The air entering the chamber 7 will carry lubricant with it, which will lubricate the cylindrical'wall of that chamber and which will pass with the air. into the segregated space around the trunk pist0n and also into the chamber 8. The lubricant will be wiped olf of the cylindrical walls of the lower part 5 of the casing by the packings 43 and 44; and by collecting in the packings, will aid in rendering them air tight. As the piston 11 reciprocates through the chamber 7 and also through the chamber 8, it will convey lubricant to the rings 45 and this lubricant will aid in packing the joint between the chambers 7 and 8. In case it is objectionable to introduce the lubricant into the air, other ordinarymeans may be employed forlubricating the piston of the compressor.

The casing of the compressor is so formed that it provides a water jacket from the chambers 7and 8. The jacket for the chamber 7 is formed within the walls of the part 5 of the casing and it almost entirely surrounds the chamber; the air passage 14, however, ,replaces a portion of the water jacket and extends around the upper portion of the chamber 7. A passage 46 1s formed within the walls of the casing, between the ends of the passage 14, and provides a means of communication between the jacket space of the lower part and the jacket space of the upper part of the casing. Holes 47 `are drilled through the part 5 of the casing so that they communicate with the passage 46 and holes 48 and are drilled in the upper part of the casing and are space of the part 5; and cooling water4 is discharged from the upper part of the jacket space in the part 4 by means' of a pipe 51.-

The jacket space of the upper' part 4 is prevented from surrounding the chamber 8 'by the inter-position of a plunger cylinder 52, which communicates with a source of liquid fuel supply through a port 53 located near the top of the cylinder'and suitable piping54. The cylinder 52 is bored out of the upper part 4 of the casing and is shown I..

. as lined -with a brass bushing 55, which is -secured in place, as heremafter described.

A plunger 56 is secured to the piston 12 of the compressor and operates in the cylinder 5210 compress the liquid fuel delivered through Athe* port 53, and to deliver it under pressure to the discharge passages of the compressor. The upper end of the cylinder 52 is provided with a port 57, which communicates with the discharge passages of the compressor through a passage 58 and an annular recess 59, which surrounds the valve 30. The port 57 is also controlled by a ball check valve 61, which is held to its seat with considerable force by means of a coiled spring 62 operating between the valve and a screw plug 63 screwed into the casing of the `compressor and adapted to hold the bushing 55 in place. The lower end of the bushing is held in place by means of packingl rings 64, which surround the plunger 56 and which are held .in place by `a screwplug 65, threaded into the part 4 of the casing. The lubricant wiped oil' of the plunger 56 by the rings 64 will operate to aid lthe ring in maintaining an air tight joint be'- tween the chamber 7 and the cylinder 52. It will be apparent that lthe cylinder 52, plunger 56 and the lI discharge passage 58, may be so arranged, that the compressed liquid fuel will be delivered into the engine cylinders, instead of the discharge passage of the compressor.

The pistons 11 and 12 are secured to the piston 13 in the following manner: The piston 11 is so formed that it projects downwardly throughlthe piston l2, and the depending portion ,is fitted into a centrally located depending sleevev 66 integrally formed with'the piston 13. The sleevev 66 projects slightly beyond the depending portion of the piston 11 and the pistons 11 and 13 are clamped together by means of a conmeeting-rod fork 67, which is provided with a screw threaded lug 68,y which, by being screwed into the lower end of the depending piston 11, draws the piston 12 firmly against the projection 23 of the piston 13. The prongs 69vof the .fork 67 sub-tend a connecting rod bearing 70, through which the wrist pin 71 of the compressor, extends. The end of the connecting rodv 6 bears against the bearing and the wrist pin 71 is secured in place by the prongs 69 of the fork 67.

The operation of the apparatus is asfollows: During the downward stroke of the compoundpiston of the compressor, air is drawn intoI the chamber 7 the air in the annular segregated space of the chamber 7, surrounding Athe trunk piston 13, is compressed into the chamber 24; and a charge for iinal compression is delivered from the chamber 24 through the port 26 into the chamber 8. During this stroke of the piston, the

4valves

17, 25 and 27 are open and the valve 21 is closed. During the upward stroke of the compound piston, the valve 21 is opened and air is forced from the chamber 7 through the ports 18 into the annular segregated space; and the air confined in the chamber 8 is finally compressed and discharged through the valve 30. The valves 21 and 25 are open during this stroke of the pistonand the Valves 17 `and 26 are closed. During the upward stroke of the compound piston, the lunger 56 forces fuel past the valve 61 and through the recess 59 into the compressed air discharged from the compressor. The plunger does `not operate throughout the entire stroke, owing to the position of the port 53. A relatively small, but the required, amount of liquid fuel is confined in the upper end of the cylinder 52 by .the advancing plunger 5,6 after the port 53 is closed by the plunger, and the fuel is then forced past the valve 61 in the form of a heavy vapor or spray, just as the valve 30 is opening to discharge air from the compressor cylinder 8. I preferably connect the piping 34 with the delivery manifold of an internal combustion engine so that the comy pressed charge of gas and air is delivered directly `to the engine. air delivered by the compressor is conveyed through the passage 37, the recess 35 and the piping 36` to the pressure reservoir. With this arrangement, the pressure does not vary materially in the chamber 32, or in the distribution system communicating with it. If, for any reason, the pressure in the chamber 32 decreases a determined amount, the valve 41 will open, in response to the drop in pressure, and will admit air from the reservoir into the exhaust passages of the compressor. With this arrangement,

the pressure in the chamber 32 is maintained substantially equal to the pressure in the supply reservoir at all times. Any well known means, for controlling the amount and pressure of the air pumped by the compressor and the amount of fuel delivered by.v4

the cylinder 52 and plunger 65; for example, the inlet port 15, may be controlled by a valve automatically actuated by the variations of pressure in the chamber 32; and the flow' of fuel, to the cylinder 52, may, in like manner, be varied or completely shut off by the pressure in the chamber 32.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

1. In combination, a compressor casing having a discharge port communicating with a pressure reservoir, a discharge Valve for delivering pressure from said compressor to said port and to a distributing chamber, a passage between said port and said distributing chamber'and around said valve, and a valve responsive to differences in pressure existing in said chamber and in A portion of the the reservoir communica-ting with said port for controlling the delivery of Huid through said passage.

2. ln a compressor, a cylinder having three bores and provided with an inlet port communicating with the largest bore, and a delivery port communicating With the smallest bore, a compound piston for drawing air through the inlet port into the largest bore of the cylinder and for compressing the air through valved ports in the portion of largest diameter of the piston and into an annular space segregated by the piston, a valve carried by the iston for controlling the delivery of air trom the portion of largest bore of the cylinder through delivery passages formed Within the piston, and a valve carried by the piston for controlling the delivery of Aair from the piston passage to the portion of smallest bore of the cylinder.

3. A compressor, comprising a cylinder having three bores, a `compound piston having three diameters and operating in said cylinder, and coperating therewith to form a plurality of compression chambers, an in let port communicating with one of the chambers so Yformed and valved passages formed Within the piston for establishing the piston during the operating of the compressor.

In testimony whereof, I vhave hereunto subscribed my name this 3rd day of September, 1910.

. GEO. WEsfrraerroiusn.V

Witnesses:

C. W. MCGHEE, B. F. FUNK.