US11899098B2 - System and method for testing a radar under test - Google Patents

System and method for testing a radar under test Download PDF

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US11899098B2
US11899098B2 US16/542,833 US201916542833A US11899098B2 US 11899098 B2 US11899098 B2 US 11899098B2 US 201916542833 A US201916542833 A US 201916542833A US 11899098 B2 US11899098 B2 US 11899098B2
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under test
test
radar under
antenna array
radar
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US20200393559A1 (en
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Yassen Stefanov MIKHAILOV
Steffen Neidhardt
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Rohde and Schwarz GmbH and Co KG
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Rohde and Schwarz GmbH and Co KG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/40—Means for monitoring or calibrating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/40—Means for monitoring or calibrating
    • G01S7/4004—Means for monitoring or calibrating of parts of a radar system
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
    • G01C21/005—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 with correlation of navigation data from several sources, e.g. map or contour matching
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/933—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of aircraft or spacecraft
    • G01S13/935—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of aircraft or spacecraft for terrain-avoidance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/40—Means for monitoring or calibrating
    • G01S7/4004—Means for monitoring or calibrating of parts of a radar system
    • G01S7/4017—Means for monitoring or calibrating of parts of a radar system of HF systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/267—Phased-array testing or checking devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
    • G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
    • G01R29/10—Radiation diagrams of antennas
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S2013/0236—Special technical features
    • G01S2013/0245—Radar with phased array antenna
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S2013/0236—Special technical features
    • G01S2013/0245—Radar with phased array antenna
    • G01S2013/0254—Active array antenna
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/28—Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/2813—Means providing a modification of the radiation pattern for cancelling noise, clutter or interfering signals, e.g. side lobe suppression, side lobe blanking, null-steering arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system and a corresponding method for testing a radar under test, especially for testing the functionality of small solid state transmitter-receiver modules of an active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar.
  • AESA electronically scanned array
  • Radar imaging has been extensively used for terrain aided navigation to provide a navigation position update.
  • the cells in the range corresponding to the antenna main beam return are converted into a high resolution image and correlated to the selected terrain segment in the data base reference frame to provide an updated navigation position estimate.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 9,110,170 B1 shows such terrain aided navigation using multi-channel monopulse radar imaging.
  • radars comprising active phase arrays are tested with a near-field probe at each individual transmitting-receiving modules. Based on the near-field measurements, the far-field radiation pattern is simulated. For probing the individual transmitter-receiver modules, a cut wave-guide is utilized having dimensions quarter wavelength of the center frequency. Due to the high number of transmitter-receiver modules, which depends on the type and application of the radar to be tested, such probing takes a day or even more to complete the measurement. Furthermore, the small solid state transmitter-receiver modules are typically integrated into planks with limited access to the analog radio frequency part. Therefore, the performance testing is limited to over the air measurements that leads to a time consuming process with added complexities of digitization and phase alignment.
  • Embodiments of the present invention advantageously address the foregoing requirements and needs, as well as others, by providing a system and a method for testing a radar under test, especially utilizing radar imaging for testing the performance of transmitter-receiver modules of an active phased array radar to significantly reduce the measurement time and further improving test quality and accuracy simultaneously.
  • a system for testing a radar under test comprises an antenna array with a plurality of antenna elements, a plurality of transceivers downstream to the plurality of antenna elements and a processing unit.
  • the processing unit is configured to communicate the radar under test by transmitting and/or receiving a two dimensional test pattern and to compare the two dimensional test pattern with a reference pattern.
  • an extensive performance testing of each individual transmitter-receiver module of the radar under test is carried out by utilizing a two dimensional test pattern.
  • the resulting radiation pattern for example radiated from the radar under test is compared with a predefined reference pattern to evaluate each transmitter-receiver module functionality.
  • the plurality of transceivers are adapted to receive signals from the antenna array and/or transmit signals through the antenna array via each corresponding antenna elements.
  • each transceiver comprises an uplink path and a downlink path corresponding to the transmit and receive signals to and from the associated antenna element.
  • the plurality of transceivers and the plurality antenna elements advantageously provide a high redundancy.
  • the processing unit is further configured to control a gain and a phase of the plurality of transceivers in order to generate the two dimensional test pattern.
  • orientation and the focus of the beamforming beam are digitally controlled to achieve fast response time and quick operation to emit, for instance, extremely low power millimeter-waves in very short succession.
  • the plurality of antenna elements are arranged in a two dimensional configuration to facilitate two dimensional beamforming.
  • two dimensional antenna patterns are effectively generated.
  • the two dimensional test pattern corresponds to a digital image that results in a radiation pattern in the form of a complex radio frequency image.
  • the complex radio frequency image effectively exercise radar parameters such as beam steering, amplitude control, spectral purity and so on.
  • the processing unit is further configured to process the complex radio frequency image into horizontal and vertical image components.
  • the horizontal and vertical image components correspond to the raw radio frequency image that is conditioned and digitized for post-processing, which results in a complex valued image.
  • image processing expedites the assessment of the test pattern with respect to the reference pattern and significantly reduces overall test time.
  • the system further comprises a radio frequency lens situated in-between the radar under test and the antenna array.
  • the beamforming beam to and from the antenna array is substantially linear even in the near-field.
  • the system further comprises an anechoic chamber encompassing the antenna array, the radio frequency lens and the radar under test.
  • anechoic chamber encompassing the antenna array, the radio frequency lens and the radar under test.
  • the system further comprises a user interface, preferably a graphical user interface.
  • a user interface preferably a graphical user interface.
  • the system further comprises a memory unit in order to store the two dimensional test pattern, the reference pattern and the history of test results.
  • a test pattern can be used multiple times for correlation adjustment with respect to the reference pattern.
  • multiple test patterns can be stored beforehand and can be successively used to fully test the functionality of the radar under test.
  • previous test results can be accessed at any time to effectively identify any error that may occur during the current measurement.
  • test accuracy is significantly improved.
  • a method for testing a radar under test using an antenna array with a plurality of antenna elements comprises the steps of communicating the radar under test by transmitting and/or receiving a two dimensional test pattern through the antenna array and comparing the two dimensional test pattern with a reference pattern.
  • an extensive performance testing of each individual transmitter-receiver module of the radar under test is carried out by utilizing a two dimensional test pattern.
  • the resulting radiation pattern, for example radiated from the radar under test is compared with a predefined reference pattern to evaluate each transmitter-receiver module functionality.
  • the method further comprises the step of controlling a gain and a phase of the plurality of transceivers in order to generate the two dimensional test pattern.
  • orientation and the focus of the beamforming beam are digitally controlled to achieve fast response time and quick operation to emit, for instance, extremely low power millimeter-waves in very short succession.
  • the method further comprises the step of arranging the plurality of antenna elements in a two dimensional configuration to facilitate two dimensional beamforming.
  • two dimensional antenna patterns are effectively generated.
  • the method further comprises the step of utilizing a digital image as the two dimensional test pattern that results in a radiation pattern in the form of a complex radio frequency image.
  • the complex radio frequency image effectively exercise radar parameters such as beam steering, amplitude control, spectral purity and so on.
  • the method further comprises the step of processing the complex radio frequency image into horizontal and vertical image components.
  • the horizontal and vertical image components correspond to the raw radio frequency image that is conditioned and digitized for post-processing, which results in a complex valued image.
  • image processing expedites the assessment of the test pattern with respect to the reference pattern and significantly reduces overall test time.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the system according to the first aspect of the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of the system performing a transmission test on a radar under test according to the first aspect of the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of the system performing a reception test on a radar under test according to the first aspect of the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a flow chart of an exemplary embodiment of the second aspect of the invention.
  • a processor, unit, module or component may be composed of software component(s), which are stored in a memory or other computer-readable storage medium, and executed by one or more processors or CPUs of the respective devices.
  • a module or unit may alternatively be composed of hardware component(s) or firmware component(s), or a combination of hardware, firmware and/or software components.
  • the methods, processes and approaches described herein may be processor-implemented using processing circuitry that may comprise one or more microprocessors, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other devices operable to be configured or programmed to implement the systems and/or methods described herein.
  • processing circuitry may comprise one or more microprocessors, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other devices operable to be configured or programmed to implement the systems and/or methods described herein.
  • ASICs application specific integrated circuits
  • FPGAs field programmable gate arrays
  • the flow diagrams and methods described herein may be implemented in processor instructions stored in a computer-readable medium, such as executable software stored in computer memory storage.
  • FIG. 1 a block diagram of the system 1 according to the first aspect of the invention is illustrated.
  • the system 1 comprises an antenna array 11 with a plurality of antenna elements 21 1 , 21 2 , . . . , 21 N .
  • the antenna elements 21 1 , 21 2 , . . . , 21 N are arranged in a two dimensional configuration on the antenna array 11 with uniform spacing. Additionally or alternatively, the antenna elements 21 1 , 21 2 , . . . , 21 N can be arranged in a two dimensional configuration on the antenna array 11 with phased weights, which depend on the angle of arrival and/or angle of departure to define the constructive or destructive addition of the antenna signals.
  • the system 1 further comprises a plurality of transceivers 19 1 , 19 2 , . . . , 19 N downstream to the plurality of antenna elements 21 1 , 21 2 , . . . , 21 N .
  • Each of the plurality of transceivers 19 1 , 19 2 , . . . , 19 N is serially connected to each corresponding plurality of antenna elements 21 1 , 21 2 , . . . , 21 N via an uplink path and a downlink path, which are not shown in FIG. 1 .
  • 19 N generally comprise controllable attenuators and phase shifters for orienting and focusing the beamforming beam, a power amplifier for transmission and a low-noise amplifier for reception.
  • the functionality of the amplifiers, attenuators and phase shifters are known in the art and therefore are not described herein in greater details.
  • the plurality of transceivers 19 1 , 19 2 , . . . , 19 N are connected through data bus lines to a processing unit 15 , which digitally controls the controllable attenuators and phase shifters of the transceivers 19 1 , 19 2 , . . . , 19 N to regulate the corresponding gain and phase of the transceivers 19 1 , 19 2 , . . . , 19 N in order to generate a two dimensional test pattern via the two dimensionally arranged antenna elements 21 1 , 21 2 , . . . , 21 N .
  • the system 1 further comprises an anechoic chamber 20 that encompasses the antenna array 11 , a radio frequency lens 17 and a radar under test 13 .
  • the radio frequency lens 17 effectively linearizes the beamforming beam in the near-field and thereby allows the test system 1 to be arranged in the near-field.
  • the radar under test 13 is preferably an active electronically scanned array radar.
  • the processing unit 15 is connected to a memory unit 24 , which is further connected to the radar under test 13 .
  • the term “connected” herein represents an interconnection through a media that allows baseband transmission, for instance Ethernet cables, Coaxial cables and the like.
  • the system 1 further comprises a graphical user interface 22 connected to the processing unit 15 and to the memory unit 24 .
  • the graphical user interface 22 can be connected directly through data cables or remotely via wireless local area network.
  • the graphical user interface 22 comprises menu based interfaces and direct manipulation interfaces so as to facilitate the users to configure the test system 1 to meet their specific requirements in diverse test circumstances.
  • the plurality of transceivers 19 1 , 19 2 , . . . , 19 N , the processing unit 15 , the graphical user interface 22 and the memory unit 24 are also referred to as tester 10 in general.
  • FIG. 2 a block diagram of the system 1 performing a transmission test on a radar under test 13 according to the first aspect of the invention is illustrated.
  • the tester 10 uploads a digital image to the processor of the radar under test 13 .
  • the radar under test 13 generates a radiation pattern 23 corresponding to the digital image which results in a complex radio frequency image.
  • the antenna array 11 of the tester 10 captures the complex radio frequency image where the processing unit 15 performs signal processing to analyze the received radio frequency image with respect to the known pattern of the digital image. The aforementioned process is repeated several times to perform comprehensive transmission test on each transmitter-receiver module of the radar under test 13 .
  • FIG. 3 a block diagram of the system 1 performing a reception test on a radar under test 13 according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • the tester 10 transmits a digital image to the radar under test 13 to perform comprehensive reception test on each transmitter-receiver module of the radar under test 13 .
  • the processing unit 15 of the tester 10 controls the gain and phase of the plurality of transceivers 19 1 , 19 2 , . . . , 19 N in order to generate a radiation pattern 27 , simulating radar reflection on the transmitter-receiver modules of the radar under test 13 .
  • the radar under test 13 receives the corresponding complex radio frequency image and the image is further analyzed with respect to the known pattern of the digital image. This process is also repeated several times to fully test each transmitter-receiver module.
  • the transmission test and the reception test can be performed separately and/or simultaneously. For simultaneous transmission and reception testing, several digital test images are used to improve correlation analysis for image processing.
  • FIG. 4 a flow chart of an exemplary embodiment of the inventive method according to the second aspect of the invention is illustrated.
  • a first step 100 the radar under test is communicated through the antenna array by transmitting and/or receiving a two dimensional test pattern.
  • a second step 101 the two dimensional test pattern is compared with a reference pattern.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
US16/542,833 2019-06-11 2019-08-16 System and method for testing a radar under test Active 2040-07-07 US11899098B2 (en)

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EP19179340.5 2019-06-11
EP19179340 2019-06-11
EP19179340.5A EP3751306B1 (de) 2019-06-11 2019-06-11 System und verfahren zum testen eines radars

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