US1187050A

US1187050A - Method of carbonizing coal and obtaining gas.

Info

Publication number: US1187050A
Application number: US9427616A
Authority: US
Inventors: Henry L Doherty
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1916-04-28
Filing date: 1916-04-28
Publication date: 1916-06-13
Anticipated expiration: 1933-06-13

Description

H. L. DOHER' TY.

METHOD OF CARBONIZING COAL AND OBTAINING GAS.- APPLICATION FILED NOV. I5, I9I1. RENEWED APR. 28,1916.

1 1 87,050 Patented June 13, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

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METHOD OF CARBONIZING COAL AND OBTAINING GAS. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 15. 1911. RENEWED APR-28.19l6.

1 ,1 87,050. Patented June 13, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

HENRY L. DOHERTY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y. i

Specification of Letters Patent.

METHODOF CARBONIZING COAL AND OBTAINING GAS.

Patented June 13, 1916.

Application filed November 15, 1911, Serial No. 660,451. Renewed April 28, 1916. Serial No. 94,276.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, HENRY L. DonEn'rY, a citizen of the United States, and resident of New York city, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of Carhonizing Coal and Obtaining Gas, of which the following is'a specification.

My invention relates to methods of carbonizing coal and obtaining gas, and, in particular, toa method of carbonizing coal in a shaft furnace. I a

The object of my invention is to provide a method of carbonizing fuel which will permit the carbonization of the fuel in a shaft furnace by heat developed in the shaft furnace itself and at thesame time to take off all the products of the carbonizing opera-.

said shaft is raised to a carbonizing 'tem perature, withdrawing the gaseous products of the carbonization through the relatively cold fuelmass in the upper portion of the said shaft, whereby the sensible heat. of the gases discharging from the carbonizing zone is absorbed by the said cold fuehdeIuminating a portion ofthe said gas, saturating the same with water vapor, and conductingthe vapor laden deluminated gas to the lower part of the said shaft furnace and passing it upward through the mass of coke filling the same. This cokc, of course,.discharges from the, carhonizing zone at a comparatively high temperature. By properly proportioning the relation hetween the volume of the vapor and deluminated gas returned to the shaft and the heat held by the coke lilling the part of the same, below the carbonizing zone, it is possible'to cool thecoko discharged down topractically atmospheric temperature. Besides the above, my inven-- tion embodies various other features which will more fully appear later.

the coke and transporting the same.

In the accompanying drawings I have shown a form of apparatus comprised in and suitable for carrying out my invention.

Figure 1 is a vertical cross-section through the carbonizing furnace on line A-B of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a plan of the apparatus. Fig. is a vertical section similar to Fig. 1 but showing the apparatus for dischalrging *i 4 is a front elevation of the bottom of the 11rnace. Fig. 5 is a vertical cross-section through the water evaporator.

1 refers to the carbon'izingffurnacev as a whole, 2 indicates the carbonizing region of the same, 3 indicates the preheating region, and 4 the coke cooling region. The portion of the shaft lindicated by the

numerals

2 and 3 is, in reality, a single chamber and there is no fixed line of demarcation between the two regions. The upper boundary of the carbonizing region, designated by 2, de-

pends simply upon the position of the isotherm of the lowest temperature at which distillation will take place with the variety of coalfused, and fluctuates also with the operating condition of the furnace at any given time.- 1 y 5 is a continuous discharging device, 6 is a continuous charging device. I

7 isa blower for supplying the air' to support the combustion in 2.

8 is a deluminator. 9 an ammonia scrubber. 10 an exhauster withdrawing the gases from the preheating chamber 3 and forcing them to the purifying trainl i 11- is the gas off-take. 12- the gas conduit to the purifying train. r

13, 13, etc., are poke-holes provided for purposes of observation and manipulation of the charge.

14 is the connection from the gas main 12 to the deluminator 8. i

. 12'and 14' are valves on, respectively, 12 and 14 to regulatethe distribution of the gas between the purifiers and the deluminator.

15 is the connection from the evaporator 25 to the coke cooling chamber 4 of the furnace.

16 is the air connection from the blower 7 to the air bustle-pipe'26.

17. designates the air inlets to the carbonizing chamber from the bustle-pipe 26.

18 is a screen or grizzly for screening out the fines fromv the coke discharged from the cooler.

7 loading the gas returned to the cooling chamber 4 with water vapor.

27 is the connection from the ammonia scrubber 9 to the evaporator 25.

28, 28, etc.,v are the water distributers of 25, while'30 is the'water supply pipe to 25, having the valve 29.

31, 31, etc., are the tubes of 25.

35 is the coal conveyer which carries'the coal to bin 34. v

37 is an air connection from the main air line to the bottom of the cooler 4.

37 is a valve on 37.

38 is a manhole provided in the cover of the shaft.

In starting operations, coke is fed into the shaft of the furnace 1 untillthe same has been filled to approximatelythe'lower limit of'thecarbonizmg chamber. Kindling is now charged upon the coke and the shaft filled to the top with a mixture of raw coal and coke. The kindling is now ignited by inserting a torch through one of the pokeholes 13. Air is supplied to the carbonizing chamber under low pressure by the blower 7. At first, the supply of air must be rather large since a large amount of heat is requiredato heat up the walls of the furnace and the mass of cold fuel in the middle portion ofthe charge. 1

When the combustion chamber and the fuel column have been raised to the proper carbonizing temperature, the air is gradually cut down until only a sufficient quantity is being-used to maintain the carbon izing chamber at the proper temperature. The gas from the combustion, the gases and vapors evolved from the coal and the gas introduced at the bottom of the furnace pass upwardgthrough the preheating chamberll in contact with the fuel charge filling the same. 'In contact with the comparatively cold fuel in the upper part of the shaft the gases are cooled down to a temperature which depends upon the quantity of sensible heat carried by the gases in relation to .the heat capacity of the fuel mixture charged, between the temperature at which it-is introduced and the temperature prevailing in the carbonizing chamber. As a rule the gases will discharge from the preheater 3 at a temperature of between212 F. and 300 F. .When this is the ease, the larger part of the tarry vapors carried by the gas and water vapor.

the arrangement of apparatus The out min" "as therefore usuall carries substantially only the lighter condcnsible hydrocarbons of the distillation products of the, coal, such as benzol and allied products The temperature of the withdrawn gases should not be permitted under any clrcumstances to exceed theboilmg or condensing temperature of the pitch forming bodies.

f Under the action of the exhaustcr 10, the

gases are drawn off from the upper part of chamber 3 through the pipe 11, passing in shown, through the intertubular space of the evaporator 25, where they deposit their water vapor and some of the more easily condensed hydrocarbons, and thence-to the exhaust'er 10. Discharging from 10 the gases divide into two streams. One stream passes through the pipe 12 to the ordinary purifying train and thence to a holder inthe usual course. The ,'S()U 0l1(l stream passes through the passage14 to the deluminator 8,

. whereit is scrubbed with oil which absorbs the ,major portion of its illuminants.

Thence the deluininated'g'as passes through 14 regulate the distribution of the gas'between the deluminator 8 and the main purifieis. From 9 the deluminated and ammonia-free "gas passes through the connection 27 to the evaporator 25. Theevaporato'r 25 heater, the upper ends of the tubes having inserted in them distributers, 28. 1:A small depth of- Water is maintained on the upper tube sheet by 'regulating the' valve 29 on the is simply tubular water pipe'30. The water is permitted by a By properly regulating the velocity of the gas through the tubes 31, the gas will be caused to dischargefrom 25 either practically or completely saturatedwith water vapor. Usually the returned gas will enter the cooler .4 through, the conduit 15 at approximately- 200 l At this temperature the returned gas will carry about-six times its own weight of watervapor. Entering the cooler 4, the vapor-laden gas ascends through the furnace shaft in contact with of .the latter and carrying it back into the carbonizing chamber 2. By properly proportioning the volume of the gas-vapor current introduced into 4 it is possible to cool the coke down to practically the term perature at which'the gas is introduced into 4. It is desirable, however, that no more gas and vapor should be introduced into 4 than is required to accomplish this cooling.

Besides its cooling action in 4, the water vapor introduced markedly increases the yield of gas. This is accomplished not so much through its own dissociation into hydrogen and oxygen (with the combustion of the latter to CO), as by the influence which it exerts in assisting in the liberation of the volatile matter from the coal. Usually in gas house practice the coke will retainupwardof 5% volatile matter, in spite of the fact that it has been exposed for hours to a comparatively high temperature. Byintroducing steam into'the retorts, during the last part of the carbonizing pc- I riod, by far the greater part of this residual volatile matter is liberated. In the same way, the presence of the water vapor assists in freeing the coke from volatilizable matter and thus increases the yield of gas. While in thelower portion of the carbonizing zone some little dissociation of water vapor may take place with the liberation of H and CO. this reaction does not proceed to any great extent owing to the fact that the atmosphere of the furnace, at the locality where the temperature would ordinarily be" high enough to bring about reaction between the carbon of the cokeand the water vapor, contains a large percentage of hydrogen and carbon-monoxid owing to the distillation and combustion taking place. This high partial pressure of both theH and CO acts to retard the reaction between carbon and H. and to increase the temperature required to bring it about. 3

The cold coke. together with the slight amount of ash which isformed'by the limited combustion-taking place in 2,-is discharged either continuously or intermittently from the bottom of 4by operating the mechanical discharging sealing device. 5. This is in effect simply a drum having a number of longitudinal pockets, and working in a cylindrical casing. The casing is longitudinally slotted at the top and bottom to provide passage for. respectively, the admission and discharge of the coke. The seal- 5 is really a provision against the loss of the gas introduced into 4 through 15 rather than against the admission of air. The speed of operation of 5, and consequently the rate of discharge of the coke, is so regulated that the charge is caused to settle through the carbonizing chamber 2 at a rate corresponding to the rate of carbonization. In other words, the charge should be caused to move through, 2 at such a rate that the raw coal in the fuel mixturewill have been completely carbonized (or rather, will have been carbonized to the extent desired) by the time that it has passed below the air inlet 17 The rate of carbonization for any gixen mixture of coal and coke within the'limits of the capacity of the apparatus depends simply upon the rate at which the air is supplied by blower 7 through 16.

It is therefore possible to quickly adjust the make of gas to the demand by simply varying the air supply. The rate of drawing must of course be varied also, but since this depends almost entirely upon the rate at which air is supplied it is simply a function of the air supply and is fixed by the latter.

The ratio of air required to coal carbonized will vary greatly with different coals according to the heat required to carbonize them. It has been determined experimentally that the actual heat of carbonization in the case of coals experimented upon varied from the development of 779 B. T. U. per pound of coal down to an absorption of about 168 B. T. U. per pound. The experimental results would seem to indicate that bymy method of carbonization, the operation, after once being started. will be selfsu-pporting, since in this case it is only necessary by my method to supply an amount of heat equivalent tothe radiation and conduction losses. This would, in the case of the coal referred. to, be nearly or, possibly, entirely supplied by the heat evolved in the carbonizing of the coal. With such a coal the quantity of air supplied would, under normal conditions be mil. i V As stated above, the composition of gas coals and the results which they give on carbonization are so variable that it is'impossible for me to here prescribe a specific ratio of air to coal'that would be applicable in all cases. I may say that, in general, I aim to use the minimum quantity of air that will generate the quantity of heat required in the carbonization of the particular coal used. a a t The combustion taking place in 4 will be localized and will occur in the immediate vicinity of the air inlet 17 and for a short distance upward in the charge. The maximum temperature. therefore occurs at the bottom, of the carbonizing zone. The hot gases from the combustion ascend through the. fuelcolumn occupying the chamber, carrying the heat of the combustion up into the portion of the charge undergoing, carbonization. .By thus generating the heat required in the body of the carbonizing material in immediate contact with the same I am able to secure a high utilization of the heat generated. Besides, owing to the actual contact of the combustion gases with the fuel the required temperature to be pro duced by the combustion is comparatively low-not necessarily higher than the maximum temperature actually required for completing the carbonization-say 1500 F.

In the combustion zone, however, the temperature is usually unavoidably higher than this, although I aim to so regulate the introduction of air and the how of gas from the cooler 4 that the maximum temperature of the combustion will be brought as low as practicable.

In ordinary practice in coal carbonization the heat for carbonizing the coal is transmitted to the latter through comparatively thick walls of fire clay. In this case, it is absolutely essential that a high temperature should be developed in the combustion flues (about 24200 inorder to securea sufficiently great temperature difierence between the two sides of the wall to drive the heat, through it with suflicient rapidity. The high temperature of the. combustion in this case unavoidably occasions a -much higher rate of loss by radiation than occurs with the low temperature used by me. In

addition, the manner in which I conduct the combustion by my method enables me to carry on the same in a chamber easily pro-4 vided with thick walls of heat insulating material.- For these reasons, I am able to reduce the radiation and conduction losses from my apparatus to a minimum.

Owing to the fact that (as explained in detail below) 1 preferably introduce a stream of treated combustible gas from the furnaceitself, together with a larger volume of water vapor, into the lower part of the same and cause it to traverse the full height of the shaft, the air introduced is mixed with this gas as soon as it enters the shaft. The initial combustion, therefore, is

partly with the combustible gas and partly duced. Since, however, the gases from 4 enter 2 at approximately the temperature of the coke dischar 'ing from the same, the

temperature of the mixed gases from the lower part of 2 will be somewhat higher than that actually required for the carbonization. These hot gases ascend through the earbonizing chamber 2, giving up their heat to the descending column of mixed coal and coke. come cooler and cooler until they fall below the minimum temperature required for carbonization. Above the loved at which they reach this temperature their further cooling is due to the evaporation vof moisture from the coal and to the transfer of their heat to the cold coal. V

Inpassing through the upper part of the furnace shaft the (gases from the carbonizin zone are deprive by condensation of sue of the condensable vapors which they carry as are condensable at the temperature prevailing at 3. With the usual proportion of gases to fuel the gases will nearly always leave the preheating chamber 3 somewhat above 212 F., or'at least above that temperature. at which water will .be deposited. They will therefore depositon' the vcoal nearly all of the tar-forming and other condensable constituents which they carry save such easily vaporizable substances as water vapor, benzol and allied compounds. This tarry matter'will be, to" some extent, a sorbed in the pores of the coke which forms, a portion of the charge and thus be slowly carried down and, in part, run down through the interstices of the "charge as liquid into thehotter' regions of the furname, where-- the tar will be, in part, vaporized to be again condensed and carried down and, in part, converted into permanent gas. This operation is repeated, the tar always reachingon its downward trip a'hotter region of the furnace than that in which it was originally vaporized,until it has become-wholly converted into permanent gas. with theexception of the heavy pitch and free carbon formed in its gasification. This latter isdeposited in the coke formed, adding materially to its density and increasing its hardness.

The comparatively cool gas drawn oil from the furnace through 1'1 by the exhaustrr 10, as before stated, is divided into two streams, one passing'to the regular purification-train, while the other, after" the removal ofvmost. of its illuminants and; its ammonia, is saturated with water vapor in 25 and introduced into the bottom of the coke cooler 4. The volume of this returned gaseous stream is, as,before explained, to be fixed by that which is required to absorb the sensible heat carried out of 2 by the coke. The volume of the circulated gas, therefore, will depend upon the proportion of coke introduced with the raw coal as well as upon the temperature at which thegas discharges As they pass upward the gases befrom thefurnace, since upon this temperature depends to a great extent the quantity of water vaporized. Since this latter will vary with diflercnt coal the proportion of the returned gas to the distillation gas will vary likewise. Usually it will vary from i to 3- of the latter when it is returned saturated with water vapor. The coke may be discharged through 5 either intermittently or continuously. Continuous discharging is preferable as it gives more uniform operating conditions. The discharged coke, mixed with a very small proportion of ash, falls onto the grizzly 18. In passing over this the fine material is screened out and may be raked out of the door 19. The screened coke discharges from 18 through the chute 20 and is divided by the adjustable cone 21 into two streamsonegoing through the chute 22 to the conveyer 23. which carries it tothe place of storage. while the other passes through the chute 32 ontothe conveyer 33 which elevates it to the bin 34. A conveyer, 35, discharges into the bin 34 the proper proportion of raw coal to form the proper charge mixture.

The relation between the coke and raw coal to be used in the charge mixture will vary with the kind and quality of the coal. IVith a highly caking coal the proportion of coke in the mixture may be in extreme cases run to more than double that of the coal. Ordinarily, however. it will run from onethird of to about equal to the weight of the raw coal.

The function of the coke in the mixture is to maintainthe charge column in the shaft of the furnace in a condition that will permit a free flow of the gas current through it. In an apparatus of the kind that I prefer to use it is of the highest importance that the fuel bed he maintained free and open to the blast. since with the high charge column that I prefer to use the resistance to the passage. of the draft would otherwise be prohibitive. By properly proportioningthe mixture,

this end can be secured without'difliculty. ()wing to the practically complete recuperation of the heat ofthe coke before the latter is discharged, which I secure, no loss in heat economy results from this use of the coke to dilute the raw coal. I It is to be understood that I do not limit myself tothe use of a portion of the gas from the furnace itself for the purpose of recuperating tlieheat of the coke-in the present process. It is obvious that I may substitute combustion gases for the deluminated gas as the carrier for the water vapor, or any other suitable gas, without affecting the underlying principles of my invention, which are. simply, the returning to the carbonizing apparatus of the heat carried away from it by the discharged products and the making up any deficiency in the heat below that required to maintain the carbonizing operation by establishing a limited combustion in the said carbonizing chamber. Even steam alone may be substituted for the mixture of permanent gas and Water vapor which is my preferred cooling medium.

\Vhile I prefer to introduce the air into the furnace atthe lower part of the carbonizing zone as described, I may in some cases (particularly where I am using combustion gas and watervapor, or steam'alone, as the medium for recuperating the heat of the coke) introduce the air into the bottomof the cooler together with the cooling draft current. In this case the valve 16 is closed and valve 37' on connection 37 opened. The advantage of this is that 1 thus utilize the air introduced in recuperating the heat of the coke and can by so much reduce the volume of gas and vapor introduced through 15.

An important feature of my invention is that I am able to exercise a very effective regulation of, the make of gas by simply varying the rapidity of feed of the air and fuel. I can even make this controlfof the air automatic by a suitable balanced pressure device connected on the one hand with the trunk main and on the other with either a governor regulating the speed .of the blower 7, or with a throttle valve on 16. In the latter case a relief valve, 38, is placed on the air line 16, and the blower may be run at constant speed. Owing to the possibility of this automatic regulation of the make of gas I am able to dispense with the customary holder and connect the outlet of the purify ing system directly with the trunk main. Since the holder usually represents a large portion of. the investment for a gas works, the economic advantage ofmy invention from the investment standpoint is marked, aside fromjthe economies in operation which I am, thereby, ableto secure.

A great advantage of my inventionis that the standby losses are very light, while, at

the same time, the apparatus may be quickly brought upagainto maximum capacity of output. Duringa, shut-down it is only necessary to supply sufficient air tothe fuel in the carbonizing chamber to l generate enoughpheat to balance the radiation losses fronrthe shell of the apparatus. In this tained on an incline above the natural angle clined, as I use it in the following claims,

refers to any position of the fuel body not horizontal. c

Having described my invention, What I claim is:

1. The steps in the manufacture of coke and gas which comprise, producing a relatively long advancing body initially comprising coal mixed with suflicient comparatively coarse coke to maintain said advancing body permeable to gases generated therein, said advancing body having a lo- V calized zone of intense heat at almidpoint and being relatively cool and externally unheated at the charging end and at the withdrawal end, and supplying air to said zone of intense heat to keep up the temperature therein and produce coking of the coal,the amount of air so supplied being merely that necessary for such maintenance. I

, 2. In the manufacture of coke and gas the process which comprises, producing a relatively long advancing body initially composed of coal and coke having a localized zone of intense heat at a midpoint of suflicient length to coke said coal and being relatively cool at the charging end and at the withdrawal end, maintaining the heat in said zone by injection of sufficient combustion-producing gas formaintenance of said heat with withdrawal of gaseous prodnets of the action. withdrawing cool coke,

diverting a portionv of the withdrawn coke,

admixing the remaining coke with fresh coal and charging the mixture to form said advancing column. j

3. The process of continuously carbonizing bitun'linous fuel to produce gas and carbonized fuel which comprises, producing a relatively long advancing body initially composed of fresh fuel and carbonized fuel in regulated proportions, said body having a localized region of coking temperature at a midpoint and being relatively cool at the charging end and atthc withdrawal end,

, injecting into said localized region'mercly enough air tomaintain a coking temperature therein, withdrawing cool carbonized fuel. mixing a regulated portion of the withdrawn carbonized fuel with fresh fuel, theproportion of carbonized fuel in the mixture being that required to maintain the said .fuel body in a condition permitting free passage of the draft current therethrough by preventing the formationv of There are particular advantages in large aggregates due to the caking of the fresh fuel, and charging the mixture to form said advancing body.

4. The process of manufacturing gas and carbonizedfuel which comprises, producing a relatively long advancingbody initially composed of fresh fuel and carbonized fuel in regulated proportions, said body hav ng a localized zone of coking heat at a midpoint and being relatively cool at the charging end and at the withdrawalend, maintaining the heat in said zone by injection of combustion-s11pporting gas in the amount necessary for such maintenance, Withdrawing cool carbonized fuel, mixing a regulated portion of the withdrawn carbonized fuel with fresh fuel, the proportion of carbonized fuel in the mixture being that required to maintain the said fuel body in acondition permitting free passage of the draft current therethrough by preventing the formation of draft-obstructing aggregates due to the caking ofthe fresh fuel in the fuel body, and charging the mixture to form said advancing body.

5'. The process of manufacturing gas and carbonized fuel which comprises, producing a relatively longadvancing body initially composed of a mixture of fresh fuel and carbonized fuel in regulated proportions, said body having'a localized region of coking temperature at a midpoint and being relatively cool at the charging end and at the withdrawal end, mamtalnmg the temperature in the said zoneby injection of sufficient combustion-producing gas for that purpose'with \\-'ithdra\val of gaseous productsofthc action, withdrawingcool car-' bonized fuel, mixing a regulated portion of the withdrawn carbonized fuel with fresh fuel, the proportion of carbonized fuel in the mixture being that required to maintain the said fuel body in a condition permitting free passage of the draft current therethrough by preventing the formation of draft-obstructing aggregates by the caking of the fresh fuel in the fuel body, and charging themixturc to, form said advancing body.

I). In the manufacture of carbonized fuel and-gas the process-which comprises, producing a relatively dong advancing body initially composed of a mixture of fresh and carbonized fuel, maintaining a. localized carbonizing"temperaturein an intermediate section of said fuel body, by injecting air in the amount necessary for that purpose, introducing into that portion of said fuel body which has advanced beyond the region of carbonizing temperature a draft current of relatively cool gaseous fluid, to quench-the carbonized fuel in said portion of said fuel body and;- to heat said current, withdrawing-Hie cooled carbonized fuel, rejecting a portia n, of said carbonized fuel, mixing the remainder with fresh fuel to maintain the permeability to gases of said advancing body in said region of carbonizing temperature, and charging the mixture to form said advancing body.

7. 1n the manufacture of coke and gas the process which comprises, producing a relatively long advancing body composed initially of coal and coke, said body having an intermediate localized zone of coking temperature at a mid-point and being relatively cool at the charging end and at the withdrawal end. maintaining the heat in said zone by injection of suflicient combustionsupporting gas for that purpose, introducing into the withdrawal end of said body a draft current of relatively cool gaseous fluid and conducting said fluid through said body in a direction opposite to the direction of advance of said body to quench the coke in that portion of said body which has ad vanced beyond the said zone of coking temperature and to heat said gaseous fluid. witlnlrawing the cooled coke, admixing'a regulated portion ofthe coke withdrawn with fresh coal, and charging the mixture of coke and fresh coal to form said advancing body.

8. In the manufacture of carbonized fuel and gas the process which comprises, producing a relatively long advancing body composed initially of fresh and carbonized fuel. said body having an intermediate localized zone of carbonizing temperature, and being relatively cool at the charging end and at the withdrawal end, maintaining the carbonizing heat in said zone by injection of sufficient combustion-supporting gas for that purpose, introducing into the with drawal end of said body a draft current of relatively cool gaseous fluid to quench the carbonized fuel in that portion of said body which has advanced beyond the zone of carbonizing temperature and to heat the said gaseous fluid. withdrawing the cooled earbonizcd fuel. admixing a regulated portion of the withdrawn carbonized fuel with fresh fuel. the proportion of carbonized fuel in said mixture being that required to maintain the. said fuel body in a condition permitting free passage of the draft current therethrough by preventing the formation of draft-obstriicting aggregates by the caking of the fresh fuel in, the fuel body, and charging the so-formcd mixture to form said advancing body. a i

9. In the manufacture of carbonized fuel and gas the process which comprises, producing a relatively long advancing body composed initially of fresh and carbonized fuel, said body having an intermediate localized zone of carbonizing temperature and being relatively cool at the charging end andat the withdrawal end, maintaining the carbonizing temperature in said zone by injection of sullicicnt c4nnlmstion-sup nirting gas for that purpose, introducing into the withdrawal end of said body a draft current of relatively cool gaseous fluid to quench thecarbonized fuel in that portion of said body and to heat the said gaseous fluid, the volume of said gaseous fluid being that required to cool the said carbonized fuel to the desired degree, withdrawing the cooled carbonized fuel, mixing a portion of the with drawn carbonized fuel with fresh fuel, the proportion of carbonized fuel in the mixture being that required to maintain the said fuel body in a condition permitting free passage of the draft current therethrough by preventing the formation of draft-obstructing aggregates by the caking of the fresh fuel in the fuel body, and charging the so-formedmixture to form said advancing body.

10. In the manufacture. of coke and gas the process which comprises, producing a. relatively long advancing body of carbonizedand bituminious fuel having a localized zone of carbonizing temperature ata midpoint and being relatively cool at the charging end and at the withdrawal end, maintaining the earbonizing temperaturein said zone in part by injection of sufficient combustion-supporting gas for that purpose and'in part by returningto said zone the major part of the heat carried out of the same by the hot gases withdrawn from said zone, the return of said heat being effected by contacting the withdrawn gases with the portion of said body advancing toward said zone to preheat said portion of said body and to cool and purify said gases, with-' drawing cooled carbonized fuel, mixing a portion of the withdrawn coke with fresh bituminous fuel. and charging the mixture to form said body.

ll. In the manufacture of carbonized fuel and gas, the process which comprises producing a relatively long advancing body composed initially of carbonized and bituminous fuel, saidbody having an intermediate zone of carbonizing temperature at a midpoint andbeing relativelv cool at the charging end and at the withdrawal end, maintaining the carbonizing temperature in said zone in part by injection of sufficient combustion-supporting gas for that purpose and in part by returning to said zone the major part of the heat carried out; of the same by the hot gases. the return of said heat being effected by withdrawing hot gases from said zone, contacting the withdrawn gases with the portion of said bodv advancing toward said zone to preheat said portion of said body and to cool and purify said gases, contacting with that portion of said body which has ad 'anced beyond said zone in conliter-current relationship a current of gaseous fluid to quench relatively cool at the charging end and at the withdrawal end, maintaining the carbonizing temperature in said zone in part by injection of sufficient combustion-supporting gas for that purpose and in part by returning to said zone the major part of the heat carried out of the same by the hot gases. the return of said heat being effected by withdrawing hot gases from said zone, contacting the withdrawn gases with the portion of said body advancing toward said zone to preheat said portion of said body and to cool and purify said gases, eontacting with that portion of said body which has advanced beyond said zone a current of gaseous fluid to quench carbonized fuel of said portion of said body and to heat said fluid, withdrawing the cooled carbonized fuel, admixing a regulated portion of the Withdrawn carbonized fuel with bituminous fuel, the proportion of carbon ized fuel-in said mixture being that required to maintain said fuel body in a condition'permitting free passage of the draft current therethrough by preventing the formation of draft-obstructing aggregates by the caking of the bituminous fuel in the fuel body, and charging the so-formed mix ture to form said advancing body.

13. In the manufacture of carbonized fuel and gas the process which comprises, producing a relatively long advancing body composed initially of bituminous fuel and carbonized fuel. said body having an intermediate localized zone of carbonizing temperature and being relatively cool at the charging end and at the withdrawal end, maintaining the carbonizing temperature in said zone by injection of sufficient combustion-supporting gas for that purpose and by preheating the fuel before introducing the same into said zone, said fuel being preheated by withdrawing hot gases from said zone, contacting said gases with that portion of said body' advancing toward said zone to preheat said portion of said body and to cool and purify said gases, contacting with that portion of said body which hasmlvaueed beyond said zone/a current of gaseous fluid to quench the carbonized fuel of the said body to the. degree desired and to heat said fluid, withdrawingcooled carbonized fuel, admixing a regulated portion of carbonized fuel with bituminous fuel, the proportion of carbonized fuel in the mixture being that required to maintain the said fuel body in a condition permitting free passage of the draft current therethrough by preventing the formation of draft-obstructing aggregates by the caking of the fresh fuel in the fuel body, and charging the mixture of carbonized and fresh fuel to oform said advancing body.'

14. In the nia'ni' facture of coke and gas the. process which comprises, producing a relatively long fuelbody of mixed coal and coke in regulated proportions, said fuel body being relatively cool at the charging end and at the withdrawal end, the proportion of coke in the said mixture being that required to prevent the formation of draftobstructing aggregates through the caking tain the fuel body in a condition permitting free passage of the draft therethrough, ad-v vancing said fuel body through a comparatively long conduit, maintaining a carbonizing temperature in an intermediate, l0calized carbonizing region ofthe said fuel body to decompose bituminous matter of the fuel of said body, to formgas,condensable vapors and carbonizcd fuel, the. said carbonizing temperature being maintained by introducing a limited and regulated'quam tity of; combustion-supporting d raft 'eu rrent sufficient for the stated purpose into the" said fuel body in said region, withdrawing gases from the upper part of saidfuel body,

withdrawing cooled carbonized fuel from' fuel body in a condition permitting free pas sage of the draft therethrough, advancing said fuel body through a comparatively long conduit, maintaining a carbonizing temperature in an intermediate localized carbonizing region of the fuel body to decompose bituminous matter of the fuel of said body, to form. gas, condensable vapors and carbonized fuel, the said carbonizing temperature being maintained by. introducing alimited and regulated; quantity. of combustion-supporting draft current suliicient for the stated purpose into the said 'fuel body in said carbonizing region, withd 'a wing gases and of the coal of said mixture and so to mainvapors from said carbonizing region, conducting the gases and vapors withdrawn from said carbonlzl'ng region through the portion of said fuel body above said region to heat said portion of the fuel. body, to cool being relatively cool at the charging endand at the withdrawal end, the proportion of coke in the said mixture being that required to prevent the formation of draftobstructing aggregates through the caking of the coal of said mixture and so to maintain the fuel body in a condi'tionpermittin free passage of 1c draft therethrough, a vancing said fu il body through a comparatively long conduit, maintainingfla carbonizing temperature in an intermediate localized carbonizing region of the fuel body to decompose bituminous matterof-the fuel ofsaid body, to form gas, condensable vapors and carbonized fuel, the said carbonizing temperature being maintained by introducing a limited, and regulated quantity of combustion-supporting draft current sufficient for the stated purpose into said fuel body in said carbonizing regiomwithdraw: iug gaseous bodies from said'carbonizing region, conducting said gaseous bodies through the portion of the fuelbod-yjabove said region in such manner-that the fuel therein will he subjectedto a gradually increasingtemperature from the top to the lower part thereof whilethe gases and vapors will be subjected to a gradually decreasiug temperature from the bottom to the top thereof, the-temperature of the'uncondcnsed gaseous bodies at the top of the said portion of said fuel body being maintained above 212 F. but below the condensing ternperature of pitch, withdrawing cooled carbonized fuel from the lower part of said fuel body, mixing a regulated portion of carbonized fuel with bituminous fuel, charging the mixture onto the upper part of said fuel body and rejecting; such portion of the carbonized fuel withdrawn as is not re turned to said fuel body.

17. In the manufacture. of coke andgas the process which comprises, producing a relatively long fuel body of mixed coal and coke in regulated proportions, sald body he iug relatively cool at the charging end and at the withdrawal end, the proportion of coke in the said mixture being that required to prevent the formation of draft-obstructing aggregates through the cakiugof the coal of said mixture and so to maintain the fuel .body in a conditionpermitting free passage of the draft th-eretlu-ough, advancing said fuel body through a comparatively long conduit, maintaining a carbonizing temperature in an intermediate carbonizing region of thefuel body to decompose bituminous matter of the fuel of said body, to form gas, condensable vapors and carbonized fuel, the said carbonizing temperature being maintained by introducing a limited and regulated quantity of combustion-supporting draft current sufficient for the stated purpose into the said fuel body in said-carbonizing region, withdrawing gases and vapors from saidcarbonizing region through the portion of said fuel above said region to heat said portion of the fuel body, to cool the gases andto condense the major portionof the tar-forming constituents of the said vapors, the said gases and vapors beingconductedthrough said portion of thefuel body in such manner that the fuel thereinv will be subjected to a gradual increase in tempera: ture from the top to thelower art there'of while the gases and vapors will e subjected to a" gradual decrease in temperature'from thevbottom to the top thereof, the temperature of-the uncondensed gaseous bodiesat the top of the said portion of said fuel body being maintained above the temperature at which water will be deposited but below the condensing temperature of pitch, carrying a portion of each of the "several tar-forming constituents condensed back into a level in the said fuel body at which the temperature isv sufficiently high to convert a substantial portion of. that constituent into gas,

withdrawing cooled carbonized fuel from thelower part of saidfuel body, mixing a regulated portion of carbonized fuel with bituminous fuel, charging the mixture onto the upper part of said fuel body andrejecting such portion of the carbonized fuel withdrawn as moot returnedto said fuel body. a

-18. In the manufacture ofcok'eland gas theprocesswhich comprises, producing a a relatively long fuelbody of mixed coal and coke in regulated proportionspthe proportion of coke in the'said mixture being that required to prevent the formation of draftobstructing aggregates through the caking of the coal of said mixture and so to maintain the fuel body in a conditionpermittin free passage of the draft therethrough, a vanclng said fuel body through a comparatively long conduit, maintaining a carbonizing temperature in an intermediate localized-carbonizingregion of the .fuelbodyto decompose bituminous matter of the fuel of said body, to form gas, condensable vapors and carbonized fuel, the said carbonizing temperature being maintained by .introducmg a limited and regulated quantity of combustion-supporting draft current sufficient for the stated purpose into said fuel body in said carbonizing region, conducting the gases and vapors from said carbonizing region through the portion of said body above said region to heat the said portion of the fuel body, to cool the said gases and to condense the major portion of the tarforming constituents of the said gases and vapors, the said gases and vapors being conducted through said portion of said fuel body in such manner that the fuel therein will be subjected to a gradual increase in temperature from the top to the lower part thereof while the ture from the bottom to the top thereo the temperature of the said ases at the top of the said portion of said fuel body being maintained above 212 F., withdrawing the cooled ases from the upper part of said fuel body at a temperature above, 212 F,

but below the temperature of condensation of the heavy tarry matter of the draft cur rent, withdrawing cooled carbonized fuel from the lower part of said fuel body, mixing a minor ortion of carbonized fuel with bituminous uel to form fresh fuel mixture,

charging the fuel mixture onto the upper part of said fuel body to maintain the same, and rejecting the major portion of the carbonized fuel withdrawn.

19. In the manufacture of coke; and gas the process which comprises, producing a relatively long fuel body of mixed coal and coke in regulated proportions, said fuel body being relatively cool at the charging end and ized fuel, said carbonizing temperature be-.

ing maintained by introducing a limited and regulated quantity of combustion'supporting draft current suflicient for the stated purpose into the said fuel body'in said carbonizing region and in part by returning to said region the major part of the heat carried out of the same, withdrawing-gaseous bodies. from said carbonizing region, con:

ducting the said. gaseous bodies through the portion of the fuel body above said region ases and vapors will be subjected to a gra ual decrease in term erato heat said portion of the fuel body, to 0001 said gases and to condense the major portion of the tar-forming constituents of the said gaseous bodies, the said gases and vapors being conducted through said portion of the fuel body in such manner that the fuel therein will be subjected to a gradual increase in temperature from the top to the lower part thereof while the gases and vapors will be subjected to a gradual decrease in temperature from the bottom to the top thereof, the temperature of the said gases and vapors at the top of the said portion of said fuel body being maintained above 212 F. but below the temperature of condensation of pitch, carrying a portion of each of the several constituents of the condensed tarry matter back into a level of the said fuel body at which the temperature is sufficiently high to convert a substantial portion of that constituent into gas, withdrawing gases from the upper part of said fuel body at a temperature above 212 F. but below the temperature of condensation of the tarry matter of the draft current, passing the gases withdrawn through the heating passages of a heat transferring apparatus to evaporate water, contacting a relatively cool gaseous fluid with that portion of the ,said fuel body which has advanced beyond said carbonizing region to quench the carbonized fuel of said portion of said fuel body and to heat the said gaseous body, withdrawing cooled v carbonized fuel from the lower part of said fuel body, mixing a regulated portion of carbonized fuel with bituminous fuel, charging the mixture onto the upper part of said fuel body and rejectin such portion of the car-- bonized fuel with rawn as is not returned to said fuel body.

'20. In the manufacture of coke and gas the process which comprises, producing a relatively long fuel'body of mixed coal and coke in regulated proportions, said body being relatively cool at the charging end and at the withdrawal end, the proportion of coke in the said mixture being that required to prevent the formation of draft-obstruct-. ing aggregates through the caking of the coal of said mixture and so to maintain the fuel body in a condition permitting free passage of the draft therethrough, advancing said fuel body through a comparatively long conduit, said fuel body being advanced and maintained by withdrawing material from one end of said fuel body and chargingfuelmixture' onto the other end of said fuel body, maintaining a carbonizing temperature in an intermediate carbonizing region of the fuel body to decompose bituminous matter of'the'fuel of said body, to form gas, condensable vapors and carbonized fuel, the said carbonizing temperature being maintained by. introducing a limited and regulated quantity of combustion-supporting draft current into the said fuel body in said carbonizing region, the quantity of combustion-supporting draft current introduced being regulated to that which will generate sufficient heat by the union of its combustion-supporting constituents with a portion of the combustible matter present in said carbonizing region to maintain the temperature required for the stated purpose, withdrawing gaseous bodies from said carbonizing region, conducting said gaseous bodies through the portion of said fuel body above said-region to heat the said portion of the fuel body, to cool the said gaseous bodies and to condense t-he major part of the tarforming constituents of said gaseous body, the said gaseous body being conducted through the said portion of the fuel body in such manner that the fuel therein will be subjected to a gradual increase in temperature from the top to the lower/ part there of while the gases and vapors will be subjected to a gradual decrease in temperature froni the bottomto the top thereof, the tempera-- ture of the gaseous body withdrawn at the top of said portion of said fuel body being maintained above 212 F. but below the temperature of condensation of pitch, carrying each of the several tar-forming constituents condensed back into a level in said fuel body at which the temperature is sufficiently high to convert a substantial portion of that constituent into gas, withdrawing uncondensed gases from said portion of said fuel body, passing the gases withdrawn through the heating passages of a heat transferring apparatus to evaporate water, removing illuminants and ammonia from a portion of the withdrawn gases, mixing water vapor with said portion of gases by conducting the said portion of gases through the heat receiving passages of said heat transferring appara I tus in contact with the water which is being subjected to evaporation by heat abstracted from the withdrawn gases, the proportion of the water vapor formed to the said gases being that required toform a substantially saturated mixture at the temperature of said vapor, introducing the mixture of water vapor and gas into and passing the same through the carbonized fuel in the lower part of said fuel body to quench the said carbonized fuel and to heat the said mixture of gas and water vapor. the volume of the gas and water vapor beiug that required to cool said carbonized fuel to the desired degree.

21. Inthe manufacture of coke and gas the process which comprises, producing a relatively long fuel body of mixed coal and coke in regulated proportions, said fuel body being comparatively cool at the charging end and at the withdrawal end, advancing said fuel body through a relatively long conduit, said fuel body being advanced and maintained by withdrawing material from one end of said fuel body and charglug fuel mixture onto the other end of said fuel body, maintaining a carbonizing tcn'iperature in an intermediate localized carbomzmg re gion of the fuel body to decompose bituminous matter of the fuel of said body, to form gas, condensable vapors.andcarbonized fuel, the said carbonizing temperature being maintained by introducing a limited and regulated quantity of combustion-supporting draft current sufficient for the stated purpose into said fuel body in said carbonizing region and in part by returning to said region the major part of the heat carried out of the same by the products of the carbonizing action, withdrawing gases from the upper part of said fuel body, contacting a relatively cool gaseous fluid with that portion of said fuel body which has ad vanced beyond the carbonizing region to quench the said carbonized fuel and to heat the said gaseous body,.conducting the heated gaseous body into the carbonizing region, withdrawing cooled carbonized fuel from the lower part of said fuel body, mixing a regulated minor portion of carbonized fuel with bituminous fuel, charging the mixture onto the upper part of said fuel body and rejecting the major portion of the carbon- ,ized fuel withdrawn. e i

a 22. In the manufacture of coke and gas tlhe process which comprises, producing a relatively long fuel body of mixed coal and coke in regulated proportions, said body being relatively cool at the charging end and at the Withdrawal end, advancing said fuel body through a comparatively long conduit, maintaining a carbonizing temperature at an intermediate localized carbonizing region of the fuel body to decompose bituminous matter of the fuel of said body, to form gas, con densable vapors and carbonized fuel, the temperature of the said carbonizing region being maintained by introducing a limited and regulated quantity of combustion-supporting draft current into the said fuel body in said carbonizing' region, the quantity of cembustion-supporting draft current introduced beingregulated to that which will generate the quantity of heat required for the stated purpose, contacting a relatively cool gaseous fluid with that portion of said fuel body which has advanced beyond said carbonizing region to quench the said carbonized fuel and to heat the said gaseous body, conducting the heated gaseous body into the said carbonizing region, withdraw ing cooled carbonized fuel from the lower part of said fuel body, mixing a regulated portion of the carbonized fuel with bituminous fuel, charging the mixture onto the upper part of said fuel body and rejecting such portion of the carbonized fuel as is not returned to said fuel body.

paratively long conduit, maintaining a carbonizing temperature in an intermediate localized carbonizing region of the fuel body to decompose bituminous matter of the fuel of said body, to form gas, condensable vapors and carbonized fuel, the said carbonizing temperature being maintained by introduc- 1 ing a limited and regulated quantity of combustion-supporting draft current sufli cient for the stated purpose into the said fuel body in said carbonizing region, conducting the gases and vapors from the said carbonizing region into and through-that portion of the said fuel body above said region, thesaid gases and vapors being conducted through said portion of said fuel body in such manner that the fuel therein will be subjected to a gradual increase in temperature from the top to the lower part thereof while the gases and vapors willbe subjected to a gradual decrease in temperature from the bottom to the top thereof, the temperature of the said gases and vapors at the top of said portion of said fuel body being maintained above 212 F; but below 300 F., whereby tar-formingconstituents of the draft current passing through said portion of said fuel body will be condensed, carrying a portion of each of the several constituents of the condensed tarry matter back into a level in the said fuel body at which the temperature is sufliciently high to convert a substantial portion of that constituent into gas. withdrawing gases from the upper part of said fuel body, contacting a-relatively cool gaseous fluid with that portion of said fuel body which has advanced beyond said carbonizing region to quench the (carbonized fuel and to heat the said gaseous body, conductingthe said gaseous fluid into the saidcarbonizing region, withdrawing cooled carbonized fuel from the lower part of the said fuel body, mixing a regulated portion of carbonized fuel with the bituminous fuel, charging the mixture onto the upper part of said fuel body and rejecting suchportion of the carbonized fuel withdrawn as is not returned to said fuel body. I

24. In the manufacture of coke and. gas

the process which comprises, producing a relatively long fuel body of mixed coal and coke in regulated proportions, said body being comparatively cool at the charging end and at the Withdrawal end, advancing said fuel body through a relatively long conduit, maintaining a carbonizing temperature in an intermediate localized carbonizing region of the fuel body to decompose bituminous matter of the fuel of said body to form gas, condensable vapors and carbonized fuel, said carbonizing temperature being malntained by introducin a limited and regulated quantity of com ustion-supporting draft current into the said fuel body in said carbonizing region and in part by returning to said region the major part of the heat carried out of the same by vthe products of the carbonizing action, the

quantity of combustion supporting draft current introduced being regulated to that which will generate suflicient heat by the union of its eombustion-supporting constituents with a portion of the combustible matter present in said carbonizing region to make up any deficiency in the temperature of the fuel body in said-region necessary for the stated purpose over'that due to the sensible heat carried into the said region, conducting said gaseous bodies through that portion of the fuel body' abovesaid region in such manner that the fuel therein will be subjected to a gradual increase in temperature from the top to the lower part thereof while the said gases will be subjected to a gradual decrease in temperature from the bottom to the topthereof, the temperature of the said gases and vapors at the point of withdrawal from the said fuel body being maintained above 212 F. but

below the temperature of condensation of pitch, withdrawing the so-cooled gases from said'fuel lmdy, mixing water vapor with a portion of the said gases, introducing the mixture of water vapor and gas into and passing the same through the carbonized fuel in the lower partof said fuel body to cool the said carbonized fuel and to heat the mixture of gas and water vapor, the volume of the gas and water vapor introduced being regulated to that required to quench said carbonized fuel, conducting the heated fluids into the said carbonizing re gion and mingling the same with the draft current passing through saidregion, withdrawing cooled carbonized fuel from. the lower part of said fuel body, mixing a reguobstructing aggregates through caking of the coal of said mixture and so to maintain the fuel body in a condition permitting free passage of the draft therethrough, said body being relatively cool at the charging end and at the withdrawal end, maintaining a carbonizing temperature in an intermediate localized carbonizing region of the fuel body to decompose bituminous matter of the fuel of said body. to form gas, condensable vapors and carbonized fuel, the said carbonizing temperature being maintained by introducing a limited and regulated quantity of combustion-supporting draft current into the said fuel body in said carbonizing region, the quantity of combustion-supporting draft current introduced being regulated to that which will generate sufficient heat by the union of its combustion-supporting constituents with a portion of the combustible matter present in said carbonizing region to make up any deficiency in the temperature of the fuel body in said region. necessary for the stated purpose, con ducting gases and vapors from said carbonizing region through the portion of thesaid fuel body above said region to heat the said portion of fuel body, to cool the gases and to condense condensable tarry vapors, withdrawing gas from the upper part of said fuel body at a temperature above 212 F.

. but below the temperature of condensation of the tarry matter of the draft current, passing the gas withdrawn through the heating passages of a heat transferring apparatus to evaporate water, removing illuminants and ammonia from a portion of the withdrawn gas, mixing water vapor with the said portion of gas by conducting the said portion of gas through the heat-receiving passages of said heat transferring apparatus in contact with water which is being subjected to evaporation by sensible heat abstracted from the withdrawn gases, the proportion of water vapor formed to the said gas being that required to form a substantiall y saturated mixture at the temperature of said vapor, introducing the mixture of water vapor and gas into and passing the same through the carbonized fuel and ash of the burned fuel in the lower part of said fuel body to quench the said carbonized fuel and ash and to heat the mixture of gas and water vapor, the volume of the gas and water vapor being regulated to that required to cool the said carbonized fuel and ash to the desired degree, and withdrawing cooled carbonized fuel and ash from the lower part of said fuel body.

26. In the manufacture of coke and gas the process which comprises, producing a relatively long fuel body of mixed coal and coke in regulated proportions, said fuel body being relatively cool at the charging end and at the withdrawal end, maintaining a carbonizing temperature in an intermediate localized carbonizing region of the fuel body to decompose bituminous matter of the fuel of said body, to form gas, condensable va pors and carbonized fuel, the said carbonizing temperature being maintained by intro ducing a limited and regulated quantity of combustion-supportin draft current into the said fuel body in sand carbonizing region and in part by returning to said region the major part of the heat carried out? of the same by the products of the carbonizing action therein, the quantity of combustionsupporting draft current introduced being regulated to that which will generate sufficient heat by the union of its combustionsupporting constituents or constituent with a portion of the combustible matter present in said carbonizing region to make up any deficiency in the temperature of the fuel body in said region for the stated purpose over that due to the sensible heat carried into said region, withdrawing gaseous bodies from said region, conducting gaseous bodies through that portion of the said fuel body above said carbonizing region in such manner that the fuel therein will be subjected to a gradual increase in temperature from the top to the lower part thereof, while the said gaseous bodies will be subjected to a gradual decrease in temperature from the bottom to the top thereof, to condense tarforming constituents from said gaseous bodies, carrying a portion of each of the several tar-forming constituents condensed back into a level in the said fuel body at which the temperature is sufliciently highto convert asubstantial portion of that constituent into gas, withdrawing gas from the upper part of said fuel body at a temperature above 212 F. but below the temperature of condensation of the tarry matter of the draft current, mixing water vaporwith a portion of the withdrawn gases, the proportion of water vapor being that required to form a substantially saturated mixture, introducing the mixture of water vapor and gas into and passing the same through the carbonized fuel in the lower art of said fuel body to quench said carbonized fuel and to heat the mixture of gas and water vapor, withdrawing cooled carbonized fuel mixed with the ash from said combustion from the lower part of said fuel body, separating coarse carbonized fuel from the mixture, mixing a regulated portion of the coarse carbonized fuel with bituminous fuel, charging the mixture onto the upper part of said fuel body and rejecting the ash and such portion of the carbonized fuel withdrawn as is not returned to said fuel body.

27. In the manufacture of coke and gas the process which comprises, producing a relatively long fuel body of mixed coal and coke in regulated proportions, said body beion ing relatively cool at the charging end and at the. withdrawal end, advancing said fuel body through a comparatively long condu t,

maintaining a carbonizing temperature in an intermediate localized carbonizing region of the said fuel body to decompose bituminous matter of the fuel of the said body, to form gas, condensable vapors and carbonized fuel, said carbonizing temperature being maintained by introducing a limited and regulated quantity of combustion-supporting draft current into the said fuel body in the said carbonizing region and in part by returning to said region the major part of the heat carried out of the same, the quantity of combustion-supporting draft current introduced being regulated to that which will generate suflicient heat by the union of its combustion-supporting constituents with a portion of the combustible matter present in said earbonizing region to make up any deficiency in the temperature of the fuel body in said region for the stated purpose over that due to the sensibleheat carried into the said region, withdrawing gases and vapors from said region, conducting the said gases and vapors through the portion of the fuel body above said region in such manner that the major portion of the sensible heat carried by the said gases and vapors will be transferred to the fuel thereinand the major portion of the tar-forming constitucuts of the vapors will be condensed withdrawing the cooled gas from the upper portion of the said fuel body, passing the gas withdrawn through the heating passages of a heat transferring apparatus to evaporate water, removing illuminants and ammonia from a portion of the withdrawn gas, mixing the water vapor formed with said portion of gas, the proportion of the water vapor formed to the said gas being that required to form a substantially saturated mixture at the temperature of said vapor, introducing the mixture of water vapor and gas into and passing the same through the carbonized fuel and ash in the lower part of said fuel body to quench the said carbonized fuel and ash and to heat the mixture .of gas and water vapor, and withdrawing cooled carbonized fuel and ash from the lower part of. the said fuel body.

In the manufacture of coke and gas the process which comprises, producing a relatively long fuel body of mixed fuel and coke inregulated proportions, said fuel body being relatively cool at the charging end and at the withdrawal end, the proportion of coke in the said mixture being that required to prevent the formation of draft-obstructing aggregates through the caking of the coal of said mixture and so to maintain the fuel body in a condition permitting free passage of the draft current therethrough, advancing the said fuel body through a-comparativcly long conduit, said fuel body being advanced and maintained by withdrawing material from one end of said fuel body and charging fuel mixture onto the other end of said fuel body, maintaining a earbonizing temperature in an intermediate localized carbonizing region of the fuel body to decompose bituminous matter of the fuel, to

form gas, condensable vapors and carbonized said gases and vapors, said gases and vapors being conducted through the said portion of the fuel body in such manner thatthe fuel therein will be subjected to a gradual increase in temperature from the top to the lower part thereof while the gases and apors will be subjected to a gradual decrease in temperature from the bottom to the top thereof, carrying a portion of each of the several constituents of the condensed tarry. matter back into a level in said fuel body at which the temperature is sufficiently high to convert a substantial portion of that constituent into gas, withdrawing gas from the upper part of said fuel body at a temperature above 212 F. but below the temperature of condensation of the tarry matter of the draft current, passing the gas withdrawn through the heating passages of a heat transferring apparatus to evaporate water, removing illuminants and ammonia from a portion .of the withdrawn gas, mixing water vapor. with said portion of gas by conducting the said portion of gas through the heat receiving passages of said heat transferring apparatus in contact with thewater which is being subjected to evaporation by sensible heat abstracted from the withdrawn gas, introducing the mixture of water *apor and gases into and passing the same through the carbonized fuel. and ash in the lower part-of said fuel body in such manner that the said carbonized fuel and ash will be subjected to' a gradual decrease in tem]')erature as it advances toward the bottom of the. said fuel body while the said mixture of water vapor and gas will be subjected to a gradual increase in temperature during its passage upward from the bottom of the said fuel body, the combined volume of the gas and water vapor being regulated-t0 that requiredto cool the said carbonized fuel and ash to the de- 1 0 carbonized fuel from the rest of the mixture of carbonized fuel and ash, mixing a regulated portion of the coarse carbonized fuel with bituminous fuel, charging the mixture onto the upper part of said fuel body and rejecting such portion of the carbonized fuel as is not returned to said fuel body.

29. In the manufacture of coke and gas the process which comprises, producing a relatively long body of mixed coal and coke in regulated proportions, said fuel body being relatively cool at the charging end and at the withdrawal end, maintaining a carbonizing temperature in an intermediate localized earbonizing region of said fuel body to decompose bituminous matter of the fuel. in the said body. to form gas, condcnsablc vapors and carbonized fuel, said carbonizing temperature being maintained by introducing a limited and regulated quantity of comlmstion-supporting draft current into said body and by returning to said carbonizing region the major part of the heat carried out of the same by the products of the carbonization, the quantity of combustion-supporting draft current introduced being regulated to that which will generate sufficient heat by the union of its combustion-supporting constituents with a portion of the combustible matter present in said carbonizing region to make up any deficiency in the temperature of the fuel body in said region for the stated purpose over that due to thesensible heat carried into the'said region, withdrawing gaseous bodies from said region. conducting the said gaseous bodies through the portion of said fuel body above said region. to preheat the said portion of the fuel body, to cool the gases and to condense substantially all of the heavy tarry constituents of the said gases, the said gases and vapors being conducted through said portion of said fuel body in such manner that the fuel therein will be subjected to a gradual increase in temperature from the top to the lower part thereof while the gases and vapors will be subjected to'a gradual decrease in temperature from the top to the bottom thereof, withdrawing the uncondensed gases from the upper. part of said fuel body at atemperature above 212 F. but below the temperature of condensation of the tarry matter of the draft current, removing illuminants' and ammonia from a portion of the withdrawn gases. mixing a regulated portion of water vapor with the said portion of withdrawn gases the proportion of the water vapor mixed with the said gases being that required to form a substantially saturated mixture at the temperature of the said vapor, introducing the mixture of water vapor and gas into and passing the same through the carbonized fuel in the lower part of said fuel body, to quench the said carbonized fuel and to heat the mixture of gas and water vapor, conducting the heated fluids into the said carbonizing region and mingling the same with the draft current of the said region, withdrawing cooled carbonized fuel from the lower part of said fuel body, mixing a regulated minor portion of carbonized fuel withdrawn with bituminous fuel, charging the mixture onto the upper part of said fuel body and rejecting the major portion of the carbonized fuel with drawn.

30. In the manufacture of coke and gas the process which comprises, producing a relatively long body of mixed coal. and coke in regulated proportions, said fuel body being relatively cool at the charging end and at the withdrawal end, the proportion of coke in the said mixture being that required to prevent the formation of draft-obstructing aggregates through the caking of the coal of said'mixture and so tomaintain the fuel body in a condition permitting free passage of the draft current therethrough, maintaining a carbonizing temperature in an. intermediate localized carbonizing region of the fuel body to decompose'bituminous matter of the fuel body, to form gas, condensable vapors and carbonized fuel, the said carbonizing ten'iperature being main tained by introducing a limited and regulated quantityof combustion-supporting draft current into the said fuel body in said carboni'zing region and by returning to said region the major part of the heat carried out of the same, the quantity of cmnbustimi-siipporting draft current introduced being regulated to that which will generate sullicieut heat by the union of its con|b|istimi-su 'iporting.constituents with a portion of the combustible matter present in said carbonizing region to make upany deficiency in the temperature of the fuel. body in said region for the stated purpose over that due to the sensible heat carried into the said region, conducting gaseous bodies from said (mrbonizingregion through the portion of said fuel body above said region of the fuel body to cool the said gases to a temperature such as will condense the major portion of the tar-forming constituents of the said gaseous bodies, the said gaseous bodies being conducted through said portion of the. fuel bodv in such manner that the fuel therein will be subjected to a gradual increase in temperaturefrom the top to the lower part thereof while the said gaseous bodies will be subjected to a gradual decrease in temperature from the bottom to the'top' thereof, carrying a portion of each of the several. constituents of the condensed matter back into a level in said fuel body at which the temperature is suffieiently high to convert a substantial portion of that constituent into gas, withdrawing the uncondensed portion of said gases from the upper part of said fuel body at a temperature above 212 F. but below the temperature of condensation of the tarry matter of the draft current, removing illuminants and ammonia from a portion of the withdrawn gases, mixing a regulated proportion of water vapor with the said portion of gases, the proportion of water vapor mixed with the said portion of gases being that required to form a substantially saturated mixture at the temperatureof the said vapor, introducing the mixture of water vapor and gas into and passing the same through the carbonized fuel in the lower part of said fuel body to quench the said carbonized fuel and to heat the mixture of gas and water vapor, the volume of the said gas and water vapor being regulated to that required to cool said carbonized fuel to the desired degree. conductingthe heated fluids into the said carbonizing region and mingling them with the gases generated in said region, withdrawingcooled carbonized fuel from the lower part of the said fuel body. mixing a regulated portion of carbonized fuel with bituminous fuel, charging the so-formed' mixture onto the upper part of said fuel body and rejecting such portion'of the carbonized fuel withdrawn as is not returned to said fuel body.

31. In the manufacture of coke and gas the process which comprises, producing a relatively long fuel body of mixed coal and coke in regulated proportions, said fuel body being relatively cool at the charging end and at the withdrawal end, maintainin a carbonizing tci'nperature in an intermediate localized carbonizing'region of the fuel body to decompose bituminous matter in the fuel of said body, to form gaseous bodies, the said carbonizing temperature being maintained by introducing a limited and regulated quantity of combustion-supporting draft current into the said fuel body in the said carbonizing region, the quantity of the ,combustion-supporting draft current introduced being regulated to that which will generate sufficient heat by the union of its combustion-supporting constituents with a portion of the combustible matter present in said carbonizing region to make up any deficiency in the temperature of the fuel body in said region for the stated purpose, withdrawing gaseous bodies from said carbonizing region, conducting said gaseous bodies through that portion of said fuel body which lies above said region to preheat the said portion of the fuel body and to cool the said gaseous bodies to that temperature at which the ma or part of the tarforming constituents of the sait gaseous bodies will be condensed, withdrawing the uncondensed gaseous bodies from the upper part of said fuel body, passing the gas withdrawn through the heating passages of a heat transferring apparatus to evaporate water, removing illuminants and ammonia from a portion of the withdrawn gas, mixing water vaporwith said portion of gas by conducting said portion of as through the heat receiving passages of said heat transferring apparatus in contact with water which is being subjected to evaporation by sensible heat abstracted from the withdrawn gases, the proportion of the water vapor formed being that required to form a substantially saturated mixture at the temperature of said vapor, introducing the mixture-of water vapor and gas into and passing the same through the carbonized fuel inthe lower part of said fuel body to cool the said earlmnized fuel and to heat the mixture of gas and water vapor, the combined volume of the said gas and water vapor being regulated to that required to quench the said carbonized fuclto the desired degree, withdrawing cooled carbonized fuel from the lower part of saidfuel body, mixing a regulated proportion of earbonized fuel with bituminous fuel, charging the mixture onto the upper part of said fuel bodyand rejecting such portion of carbonized fuel withd 'awn as is not returned to said fuel body. g 1

32/In themanufacture of coke and gas the process which comprises, producing a relatively long fuel body ofmixed coal and coke in regulated proportions, said fuel body being relatively cool at the charging end and at the withdrawal end, the proportion of coke in-the said mixture being that required to prevent the formation of draftobstructing aggregates through the caking of the coal of said mixture and so to maintain the fuel body in a conditionpermitting free passage of the draft current. therethrough, i'naintaining a carbonizing temperature in an intermediate localized carbonizing regionof the fuel body to form gas, condensable vapors and carbonized fuel, the said carbonizing temperature being main tained by introducing a limited and regulated quantity of combustion-supporting draft current into said fuel body sufficient to maintain such temperature and in part by returning to said region the major part of the heat carried out of the same by the products of the carbonizing action, withdrawing gaseous bodies from said region, conducting the said gaseous bodies through that portion of the said fuel body above said region to heat thesaid portion of the fuel body and to cool the said gaseous bodies to. a temperature such as will eondcnsethe major portion of the tar-forming constitucnts of the said gaseous bodies, the said gaseous bodies being contacted with said portion of said fuel body in such manner that the temperature of the gases at the top of said portion of said fuel body will be maintained above 212 F. but below the temperature of condensation of pitch, withdrawing gases from. the upper part of said fuel body, passing the gases withdrawn through the heating passages of a heat .transferring apparatus to evaporate water,

removing the illuminants and ammonia from a portion of the withdrawn gases, mixing water vapor with said portion of said gases by conducting the said portion of gases through the heat receiving passages of said heat transferring apparatus in contact with water which is being subjected to evaporation by sensible heat abstracted from the withdrawn gases, introducing the mixture of water vapor and gas into and passing the same through the carbonized fuel in the lower part of said fuel body to quench the said carbonized fuel and to heat the mixture of gas and water vapor, the combined volume of the gas and water va por being regulated to that required to cool the said carbonized fuel to the desired de gree. withdrawing cooled carbonized fuel from the lower part of said fuel body, mixing a regulated portion of carbonized fuel with bituminous fuel and charging the mixture onto the upper part of said fuel body and rejecting such portion of carbonized fuel withdrawn as is not recharged to said fuel body.

33. In the manufacture of coke and gas the process which comprises, producing a relatively long fuel body of mixed coal and coke in regulated proportions, said body being relatively cool at the charging end and at the withdrawal end, maintaining a carbonizing temperature in an intermediate 10- calized carbonizing region of the fuel body to decompose bituminous matter of the fuel of said body, to form gas, condensable vapors and carbonized fuel, the said carbonizing temperature being maintained by introducing a limited and regulated quantity of combustion-supporting draft current into the said fuel body in said carbonizing region and by returning to said region the the stated purpose over that due to the sen-' sible heat carried into the said region, conducting gases and vapors from said car-v bonizmg region through the portlon of said fuel body above saidregion to heat the said portion ofthe fuel body, to cool the gases and vapors and to condense the major part of the condensable vapors, the said gases and vapors being conducted through said portion of the fuel body in such manner that the fuel therein will be subjected to a gradual increase in temperature from the top to the lower part thereof while the gases and vapors will be subjected to a gradual decrease in temperature from the bottomto the top thereof, carrying a portion of each of the several constituents of the condensed matter back into a level in the said fuel body at which the temperature is sufliciently high to convert a substantial proportion of that constituent into gas, withdrawing the gases from the upper part of said fuel body at a temperature above 212 F. but below the temperature of condensation of the tarry matter of the draft current, mixing water vapor with a portion of the withdrawn gases, introducing the mixture of water vapor and gas into and passing the same through the carbonized fuel in the lower part of said fuel body, the combined volume of the gas and water vapor being regulated to that re uired to quench the said carbonized fuel to t e desired degree, conducting the heated fluids into the carbonizing region, withdrawing cooled carbonized fuel from the lower part of said fuel body, mixing a regulated proportion of carbonized fuel with bituminous fuel, charging the mixture onto the upper part of said fuel body and rejecting such portion of the carbonized fuel withdrawn as is not returned to said fuel body.

34. In the manufactureof coke and gas the process which comprises, producing a relatively long fuel body of mixed bituminous coal and cokein regulated proportions, the proportion of coke in said mixture being that required to prevent the formation of draft-obstructing aggregates through the caking of the coal of said mixture and so to maintain the fuel body in a condition permitting free passage of the draft current therethrough, advancing said fuel body through a comparatively long conduit, the fuel body being advanced and maintained by withdrawing material from one end of said fuel body and charging fuel mixture onto the other end of said fuel body, maintaining a carbonizing temperature inan intermediate localized carbonizing region of the fuel body to decompose bituminous matter of the fuel of said body, to form gas, condensable vapors and carbonized fuel, the said carbonizing temperature being maintained-by introducing a limited and regulated quantity of combustion-supporting draft current into the said fuel body in said carbonizing region and by returning to said carbonizing region the major part of the heat carried out of the same, the quantity Hit of combustion-supporting draft current introduced being regulated to'that which will generate sufiicient heat by the union of its combustion-supporting constituents with a portion of the combustible matter present in said carbonizing region to make up any de' ficiency in the temperature of the fuel body in said region for the stated purpose over that due to the sensible heat carried into said region, withdrawing from said region the gases and vapors formed therein, conducting said gases and vapors through a portion of said fuel body above said region to heat the said portion of the fuel body, to cool the gases and vapors and to condense the major part of the condensable vapors, the said gases and vapors being conducted through said portion of the fuel body in such manner that the fuel therein will. be subjected to a gradual increase in temperature from the top to the lower part thereof while the gases and vapors will be subjected to a gradual decrease in temperature from the bottom to the top thereof, the ten' perature of the said gases and vapors at the top of the said portion of said fuel body being maintained above 212 I. but below 300 F'., carrying a portion of each of the several constituents of the condensed matter back into a level in the said fuel body at which the temperature is sufiiciently high to convert a substantial portion ofthat constitu ent into gas, withdrawing gas from the upper part of said fuel body at a temperature above 212 F. but below the temperature of condensation of the tarry matter of the draft current, passing the gas withdrawn through the heating passages of a heat transferring apparatus to evaporate water, re

copies or thin patent may be obtained for moving illuminants and ammonia from a portion of the withdrawn gas, mixing water vapor with said portion of gas by conducting said portion of gas through the heat receiving passages of said heat transferring apparatus in contact with the Water which 'is being subjected to evaporation by sensible heat abstracted from the withdrawn gas, the proportion of the water vapor formed to the said gas being that required to form a substantially saturated mixture at the temperature of said vapor, introducing the mixture of water vapor and into and passing the same through the carbonized fuel in the lower part of said fuel body to quench the said carbonized fuel and to heat the mixture of gas and water vapor, the combined Volume of the gas and water vapor being regulated'to that required to cool. the said carbonized fuel to the desired degree, conducting the heated fluids into said carbonizing region and mingling them with the gases evolved inqsaid carbonizing region, withdrawing cooled carbonized fuel from" the lower part of said fuel body, mixing with a regulated minor portion of carbonized. fuel a quantity of bituminous fuel, charging the mixture onto the upper part of said fuel 7 body to maintain said body, and rejecting such portion of carbonized fuel Withdrawn as is not returned to said fuel body.

Signed at New York city in the county of New York and State of New York this 14th day of November A. D. 1911.

HENRY L. DOII'ERTY.

five cent: each, by addressing the (commissioner of latentl,

Washington, I). 0." v