US1180334A

US1180334A - Carbureter.

Info

Publication number: US1180334A
Application number: US81116714A
Authority: US
Inventors: Caleb E Summers
Original assignee: LAURA A SUMMERS
Current assignee: LAURA A SUMMERS
Priority date: 1914-01-09
Filing date: 1914-01-09
Publication date: 1916-04-25
Anticipated expiration: 1933-04-25

Description

C. E. SUIVIIVIERS. CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.9, i914. www@ 5 SHEETS*SHEET I.

Patented Apr. 25, 1916.

C. E. SUIVIIVIERS.

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED IAN. 9, 1914.

Patented Apr. 25, 1916.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

M//T/I/ESSES C. E. SUMMERS.

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED IAII.9, 1914.

Patented Apr. 25, 1916.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

'1" Tra/mfr Patented Apr. 25, 1916r 5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

C. E. SUMMERS. CARBURETEH. lAPPLICATION FILI-:D IAN.9, 1914.

C. E. SUIVIlVEHS. CARBURETER. APPLICATION FILED IAN.9, I9I4.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5- IIIIIIIIII Patented Apr. 25, 1916.

" i l a CLEB E. SUMMERS, OF KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI, .ASSIGNOR TO LAURA A. SUIVIIVIERS, F OAKTOWN, INDIANA.

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Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 25, IFI@ appiieation flied January e, 1914..' serial No. 811,167.

A use the same, reference being hadto the accompanying drawings, and tothe letters and figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this speciicatlon.

has for its principal object to provide a carbureter for use'in multiple cylinder engines of the explosion type, whereby balanced and measured charges of vfuel vapor may be delivered to the various cylinders in proper sequence.

It is also an object of the invention, to provide a carbureter whereinfuel liquids of different specific gravity may be used, and

. details of structure, the preferred forms of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure I is a side elevation of an explosion engine equippedwith a carbureter containing my improvements. Fig. II is a'plan view of the same. Fig. III is an enlarged side elevation of the carbureter. Fig. 'IV is a central, vertical section of the same on the lineIV-IV, Fig. V. Fig. V is a plan view of the carbureter detached from the engine. Fig. VI is a plan view of the measuring elements of the carbureter; the aux iliary valve chamber and measuring piston cylmder being removed. Fig. VII is a crosssection of the p iston cylinder on the line vii-vii, Fig. in, showing the slotted.

portion overlying the vacuum conduit. Fig. VIII is a transverse section of the measuring elements of the carbureter on the line VIII-'VIIL Fig. III.V Fig. IX is a vertical section of the liquid fuel measuring elements and their actuating mechanism on the line IX-IX, Fig. VI. Fig. X is a vertical section of the fuel selecting valve and part of the float mechanism on the line X-X,

. Fig. III. Fig. XI is a central vertical sec- My invention relates to carbureter's, and

tion of the selective valve for delivering vapor to the various cylinders of the engine in proper sequence. Fig. XII is an inverted plan view of the valve seat. Fig. XIII is a detail perspective view of the valve plug. Fig. XIV is an enlarged vertical section of the cylinder intake valve, showing a part of the manifold conduit and the vapor delivery pipe. Fig. XV is an enlarged elevation of the fuel heater; a part being broken away for better illustration. v

Referring more in detail to the parts--l designates the crank case, 2 the cylinders, 3 an intake manifold having branches 4 leading to independent cylinders, and 5 exhaust manifolds leading from the engine cylinders 2; all of such p'arts being of ordinary and common construction.

Mounted on the intake manifold 3 is an auxiliary valve case plate 7, and suspended from the plate 7 is a valve casing 8 containling an automatic valve 9 0f the type common in use as the auxiliary air valve of a carbureter, and which is adapted to lift against the tension of ya spring 10 to admit air to the intake manifold of the engine when the suction stroke of the piston creates a vacuum in the manifold and valve case sufficient to overcome the tension of the spring 10.

The case 8 contains the usual throttle valve 12, which is operable by a rod (not shown) that may extend to a convenient position for the operator of the engine. Preferably cast integral with the valve case 8 and suspended therewith from the plate 7 is a cylinder 14 containing a piston 15, the

lower end ofwhich contains a slot 16 that is adapted to register with the mouth 17 of a channel 18 leading through the wall 19, sepai l to draw the piston downwardly toward the lower head of the cylinder and against the tension of a spring 21, which is connected with alever arm 22 that is anchored at its outer end to a rod 23 adjustably mounted in an arm 24 on the cylinder, and has a hook 25 at its opposite end adapted for application' to one y'of a plurality of apertures 26 in thelever arm 22, that is pivotally mounted' tin the cylinder and connected withthe piston 15 byv alink 28.

The lower head of the cylinder 14 has a rod bearing 31, andrslidably mounted in said bearing is a rod 32, the upper end of which has ball and socket mounting 33 in the piston 15, and the lower end of which projects into the measuring chamber 35 o f a case 36that is suspended from the cylinder The measuring chamber 35 communicates with a float chamber 39 containingal float' 40, whereby a level of liquid fuelV withinthe oat and measuring chambers may be maintained .throughr a valve mechanism comprising a lever 42, which ispivotally mounted ina bracket 43 on the bottom of-the float chamber and has one end 44 adapted for enl gagement bythe oat, and its oppositer end 45sadapted for engagement with the lower end of a valve stem 46, which projects through a bore 47 that communicates with a chamber 48Y containing a valve 4 9, which is adapted for movement to and from a valve seat 50 in thebase of the chamber, under v tension of the spring 51, but for movement against the tension of said spring to open the portf'and admit-liquid fuel to the float and measuring'chambers.- 'Opening into the valve chamber 48 is a channel 53, that is pered bore 56 inan ferent lspecific gravities, which we will designate as kerosene and gasle'ie, as they are preferred liquids for use in explosion engines. Y.

The valve plug 55 also contains a channel 63,- which 'is adapted for communication with a' bleeding port 64 opening from the bottom of the float chamber and adapted for communication with said port whenl the channel 54 is out of communication with both of the

supply conduits

58 and 59; the particular object of the bleeding port being to drain the float and measuring chambers.

.The valve plug 55 has a grip 65 on its upper end and carries a nut 66 on its lower end, A against which a spring 67 bears to yieldingly retain the valve plug in its seat.

Opening from the measuring chamber 35, through `a boss 70, is a 4channel 71 (Figs. VIII and IX), and opening from said channel` are

separate branches

72 and 73; the branch 72 having a conduit 75 leading to a heater 76, consisting of an inclosed cage mounted on and surrounding a pipe 77 on one of the exhaust manifolds, and preferably opening into the upper portion ofthe cage.

A conduit 78 leads from the branch 73 to a selective valve 79 through which fluid fuel is distributed from the carbureter to the various cylinders of the engine, and the preferred arrangement being that wherein the conduit 78 opens into a pipe 80 leading from the lower end of the heater 76 to the valve; it being apparent that, with this arrangement, the fuel may be delivered to the valve directly, or after being diverted through the heater.

To control the path of the Huid, I provide a valve 82 comprising a plug having a socket 83 in its inner end communicating with the channel 71 and having a port 84 adapted for communication with either of the

branches

72 or 73; the end of the plug being projected through the end of theA boss and provided with a handle 85, whereby the valve may be turned to either position.

Interposed in the channel 71 is a throttle valve 87 having a lever S8 connected with the piston lever 22 by a rod 89, so that when the piston is lowered by vacuum in the intake manifold of the engine, the throttle valve in the fuel supply conduit is actuated to cut off and retard the otherwise too violent rush of air through the measuring dev1ce.

Referring now to the measuring device, 91 designates a seat in the upper portion of the case 36 above the measuring chamber 35,

and 92 a plate supported on said seat and provided lwith a bearing 93. Revolubly mounted within the bearing 93, isa tubular shaft 94, which projects above and below the plate 92 and into a bearing socket 95 in the lower head of the cylinder 14; the disk and tubular lshaft being concentric with the head bearing and inclosing the piston rod 32, which is adapted for free reciprocation within the shaft..

medusa Fixed on the tubular shaft between' the plate 92 and head 30 is a gear wheel 97 having a hub bearing within the socket in the cylinder head, and having peripheral teeth 98 meshing with a pinion 99 (Fig. Vl), that is revolubly mounted in a recess 100 in a boss 101 on the cylinder, and xed to a shaft 102 having bearing in said boss and projecting above and below the carbureter; the upper end of the shaft being extended intov the valve case 79` and operatively connected with the valve therein, as will presently be described.

'lihe lower end of the shaft 102 has a beveled gear wheel 103 fixed thereon and meshing with a beveled gear wheel 10d on a shaft 105, whichis revolubly mounted in bearings 106 on the carbureter and crank case5 and provided with a sprocket wheel 107 having a chain 108 operatively connected. with the crank shaft .109, so that the measuring mechanism and selective valve may be driven positively from the crank shaft, and thereby insure synchronism in the measurement and distribution of fuel, and synchronism between such parts and the other parts operable from the crank llhe rod 32 and tubular shaft 911 (lfigs, lll/v, Vllil and 1X) project into a rectangular socket 1'10 in a drum 111, which is located in the measuring chamber 35 and fits snugly in a seat 1 12 therein, within which the channel 71 communicates; the mouth of the channel being flared to increase its receiving area, and having a bypass 111- leading up through the boss 70 to Vatmosphere; the by-pass being tapered from the channel to its mouth, in order to concentrate the intake of air therethrough in order to facilitate the suction of liquid fuel from the measuring element when the parts are in operation. l

The drum 111 is circular in cross section and revolves within the concave seat 112 and its periphery is provided with equallyv vspaced longitudinal grooves 115 forming 119 on the side of the case 35; the head soclret containing a spring 120, which bears against the head and against a plug 121 that normally closes the neck 119u lin order to revolve-the drum- =111, 1 provide the tubular shaft 911 with arms 123, 'which extend into the ends of the socket 110 and are provided with rollers 113, so"V that when the tubular shaft is revolved by the gear drive, heretofore mentioned, the drum is revolved to carry fuel to the supply conduits; the rollers, however, being adapted for easy travel over the 'sides of the socket, so that the revoluble movement will not interfere with vertical reciprocation of the drum.

By reference to Fig. 1X, it will be noted that the length of the longitudinal pocket in the drum is slightly greater than the depth of the mouth of the olf-take conduit, but that the reciprocation of the drum is sufficient to carry the'upper ends of the pockets below the top of the off-take mouth, and thereby decrease the area of registration and consequently the amount of fuel withdrawn from the pockets, for the reason, that while the fuel located in the upper portions of the pockets will dow down into the od-talre mouth, when the pockets are brought into registration with the mouth, suction in the mouth will not lift the liquid from the bottoms of the pockets as there is no intake for air to the lower ends of the pockets.

With this construction it is, therefore, possible to regulate the delivery of fuel liquid to the off-take conduits by reciprocating the piston, and for this purpose l connect the piston rod 32 with the measuring drum by attaching its lower end to a disk 124, that is fixed in the bottom of said drum by means of the nuts 125, so that when the piston is drawn downwardly by vacuum in the intake manifold of the engine, the measuring drum is drawn downwardly to cut o1 the supply of fuel liquid, and when the vacuum is relieved and the piston raised under tension of the spring 22, the measuring drum rises to l supply the full volume of fuel.

Referring now to the preferred construction of the distributing valve, whereby the various cylinders of the engine are served from a common supply pipe, 126 designates a valve case having outlet connections 127 corresponding in number to the number of cylinders in the engine; the present drawings illustrating four cylinders and their outlets.

rllhe case 126 is of inverted cup shape and has a boss 128 to Vwhich the supply pipe 80 is secured and having a central bore 129 for re ceiving fluid from the pipe 80, and delivering same to the interior of the case; the lower end of the case being covered by a plate 130, within which the shank 131 of a i frusto-conical seat 135, the top of which.

communicates with the intake bore 129. 'llhe plug 132 is also frusto-conical and tits snugly against the seat 135, and is provided Y with 4a single bore 137 having a vertical leg 138 constantly registering with the bore 129 and a horizontal leg 14() adapted for registration with either of the outlet'necks 127.

The shank 131 on the valve plug 132 has a socket 142 in its lower end, within which is keyed the upper end of the shaft 102, that drives the measuring drum as heretofore described; the rotation of the valve plug being facilitated by an anti-friction bearing comprising a ring 144, which is fixed to the valve plug and provided with a concaved outer face and a ring 145, which is mounted on a spring plate 146 on the cover plate 130 and has a concaved inner face; the parts being so arranged that the concaved rings are spaced to carry the balls 147, and the spring plate or base being provided to yieldingly tension the valve plug to its seat.

In order to secure the highest efliciency with the carbureter, I preferably provide the intake valve for each cylinder with a perforated cage 150 (Fig. XIV), which depends from the valve seat into the manifold tube, and project the vapor supply pipe through the cage at such an angle that when the valve lifts, the vapor may be discharged directly from the supply pipe through the space between the valve and its seat, Ito inject the vapor .directly into the cylinder without contacting with the valve head.

I also prefer to provide the fuel delivery pipe or nozzle'151 with apertures 152, which are also inclined inwardly toward the valve,

so that air contained within the manifold is drawn into the vapor tube and mixed therewith before the vapor is delivered into the cage where it is mixed with the greater supply of air.

It is apparent that, with this arrangement vacuum created within the cylinder will act to draw vapor through the supply pipe and nozzle. at a point directly adjacent the valve,

-thereby securing a more direct feed and Amore equal distribution.

In using the carbureter, presuming .the

parts to be constructed and assembled as de` scribed, when the engine is first started the throttle 12 is opened andthe piston 15 held toits upper limit by the spring 21, so that the pockets in the measuring drum present their'full capacity tothe out-take, -through which fuel is delivered from the measuring chamber tothe' cylinders. When starting with a cold engine,`the valve `82 is turned to connect with the gasolene tank, so that' j the float and measuring chambers are filled with gasolene. When the engine is started the pistons are reciprocatedin the cylinders creating vacuum in the manifolds and-in the supply conduit, the mouth ofwhich is adapted to register with the pocketsl in the measurcarry same tothe mouth of the out-take conduit, at which point vacuum in the conduit assisted by the free intake of air through the by-pass, draws the liquid fuel out of the pockets the measuring drum and conducts same through the pipe 78 to the distributing valve. i

As the distributing valve is operatively connected with the crank shaft, it also revolves synchronously with the loperation of the other parts, so that its single channel constantly communicates with the supply pipe and with the pipes 127 leading tothe various cylinders in proper sequence, so that at the instant a valve in the cylinder is opened by vacuum created by descending pistons the distributing valve establishes communication between the pipe 127 from that cylinder andthe single supply pipe 80, and a charge of liquid fuel is pulled out of the pocket in the measuring disk, drawn up through the distributing valve and into the l 'cut off the supply of gasolene and establish communication between the kerosene tank and the float and measuring chambers, so that the heavier fuel may be used; the engine continuing to operate without interruption and without being affected by the change ofv fuel, for the reason that the heavier oil bein turned into the lower portion of the cham er carries the lighter liquid on top, until the latter is consumed.

. When the valve 55 is turned to establish communication with the kerosene sup ly, the valve 82 is also turned to direct the uel liquid through the heater that surrounds the manifold pipe 77, so that a vacuum in the cylinders will draw the fluid fuel from the measuring chamber through the heater to the distributing valve, instead of directly from the measuring chamber to the distribu- `Kerosene drawn from the measuring chamberis vaporized in the heater, so that it reaches the distributing valve in the same or better condition for mixing with, air in the manifold than the gasolene drawn from the measuring chamber; the operation of the engine, except for the variation in fuel be? 1ng`the same, however, for either the light or relatively heavy liquid.

en the engine is running, increased vacuum inthe manifold due to closing of the throttle or rapid reciprocation of the pistons incassa in their cylinders, is by-passed from the auxiliary valve chamber tothe cylinders 14 beneath the piston l and tends to draw the piston down against the tension of the spring 22. This lowering of the piston has two edects, the first being that the measuring drum is loweredl throughthe lowering of the rod 32, thereby moving the bottom line of the measuringY pockets below the bottom line of the mouth of the out-take conduit. so that as the pockets of the measuring drum are successively brought into registration with the mouth of the out-take conduit, a less quantity of fuel liquid is withdrawn therefrom, for the reason, that as the lower'ends ofthe pockets are closed, vacuum in the out-take conduit cannot draw liquid therefrom Vand the supply is thereby limited to the volume of liquid contained in the pockets above. the level of the mouth of-the v out-take conduit; this reduction in the supply of fuel obviating the tendency to flood the carbureter while the engine is running at high speed; itbeing apparent that the sunply of liquid is governed directly by the vacuum in the cylinders. Yllhe other result, following the lowering of the piston l5, is that as the piston lowers the rod 89 connecting the lever with the fuel throttle valve 87, the raised end turns the valve across the outtake conduit, thereby shutting old the supply of air from the ley-pass lill, and serving as a baffle to retard and spray the liquid fuel as it istaken into the out-take conduit under the strong vacuum that is generated in the cylinders when the engine is traveling at high speed.,

"When the engine is stopped after being run on kerosene, it may be started again' on the same fuel, if the parts have not had sulfcient time to cool, but with a cold engine it is preferable to rst drain the float and measuring chambers of the kerosene and then start on the lighter fuel.

lt is apparent that the present construction not only provides a simple and efficient vce apparatus for utilizing kerosene as fuel, but also provides means for regulating the supply of liquid to meet the varying requirements of the motor.

Having thus described my invention what l claim as new therein, and desire to secure by Letters-Patent, is

l. rllhe combination with an engine comprising a plurality of cylinders, an exhaust manifold communicating with said cylinders and`having a pipe leading therefrom, an inclosed cage surrounding the pipe, a distributing valve having individual conduits leading to the separate cylinders, a conduit leading from the bottom of said cage to the valve, a fuel measuring device, and a conduitleading from the measuring device to the top. of said cage, substantially as setv distributing valve having individual conduits leading to the separate cylinders, a conduit leading from the bottom of the cage to the valve, a fuel measuring device, a conduit leading from the measuring device to the top of said cage, a separate conduit leading from the measuring device to the valve' connection, 'and means for directing flow from the supply pipe through either of said conduits.

3. 'lhe combination with an engine comprising a plurality of cylinders, of a manifold having branches leading to each of the cylinders, a single air valve on the manifold, fuel supply conduitsopening into each ofsaid branches, adjacent their respective cylinders and a distributing valve communicating with said fuel supply conduits. V

fl. The combination with a multiple cylinder engine, of an intake manifold leading to all of the cylinders, an air valve in said intake manifold common to all of the cylinders, a fuel measuring device, conduits opening into said manifold adjacent each of said cylinders, and a distributing valve communicating with said measuring device and said conduits for delivering measured quantities of fuel to each cylinder.

5. The combination with a multiple cylinder engine, of an intake manifold having branches leading to each of the cylinders, an air valve for regulating the absolute pressure in said manifold, a distributing valve, conduits leading from the distribut- I branches leading to each of the cylinders an automatic valve for regulating the abso-' lute pressure in said manifold, a fuel meas uring device, and a distributing valve for successively connecting the several manifold branches with said measuring device.

7. The combination with a multiple cylinder engine, of an intake manifold having branches leading to each of the cylinders,-

an automatic valve for regulating the absolute pressure in the intake manifold, a fuel measuring device, a distributing valve, conduits connecting said measuring device and distributing valve and manifold branches,

' and `means vfor actuating said distributing vlsively openedto the absolute pressure in' the g valve, whereby said conduits are succesintake manifldfand to said measuring de- 8'. The combination with a lmultiple, c ylinder engine, of an intake manifold havlng g branches leading to each of the cylinders,

Y connecting" said measuring device with lsaid a' distributing valve, conduits leading the distributing valve to each of the manifold branches, a measuring device for measuring predetermined quantities of fuel,- a tube for reducngthe absolutepressure in said intake manifold to draw said measured charges of fuel successively into the manifold vbranches as determined by said fdistributing valve.

In testimony whereof I aHiX my signature inpresence of two witnesses. l e

' CALEBv E. sUMMERs. Witnesses:

R. F. THOMAS, L. IE. CoA'rs.