US1178468A

US1178468A - Firearm.

Info

Publication number: US1178468A
Application number: US84817914A
Authority: US
Inventors: Thomas F Hartigan
Original assignee: JOHN C BERNINGER
Current assignee: JOHN C BERNINGER
Priority date: 1914-06-30
Filing date: 1914-06-30
Publication date: 1916-04-04
Anticipated expiration: 1933-04-04

Description

T.' F. HARTIGAN.

FIREARM APPLCATION FILED JUNE 30,1914.

IN V NTOR.

/uqw A ORNEY.

WITNESSES: WL M1 I.v F. IIARIIGAIII.

FIREARM.

APPLICATION FILED IuNE 3o. I9I4.

Patented Apr. 4, 1916.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

l T. F. HARTIGN.

FIREARM.

APPLICATION F1LED1uNE30.1914.

` moms r. nnnrremfor enana, New Yo .assrenon or ONE- IBERNINGER, 0F GHENT, NEW YORK.

Hammam.k y

' Be it known that I, THOMAS F.. HARTIGAN,

val citizen of the United States, residing at Ghent, in the county of Columbia -and State of New York, 'have invented' a new y and Improved Firearm, of which the folllowing is a specification.`

My -invention relates more especially to that class of firearms in which the cartridge is automatically y placed 'inl iiring position and in which the shell Ais automatically ejected, and an object of my invention, among others, i's toproduce a fire arm of this class that shall be extremely durable and particularly eiicient in its method of operation.

One `form of firearm embodyingmy in'- ventio'n and in the constructionand usev of i Awhich tlie objectsv hereinv set. out, as well as others, may be attained, is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in' which-'- Figure 1 is a view in. side elevation .of a firearml embodying my invention. Fig. 2` is View in lengthwise central section through a portion of the device (scale enlarged) and illustrating the operating mechanism. Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2, looking in the opposite direction, with someof `the parts shown in section in that igure illustrated in full, and the automatic safety' being removed'. Fig. 4' is a'top` View of the firearm i. as illustrated *iny Figs. 2 and 3, with vparts :.broken away 'to showronstruction. Fig. V5.

., a portion of is a view -in cross sectionl on plane denoted by dotted line 5-5' of Fig.vv 2. Fig. 6 is a similar lview on plane denoted by dotted line p -Gof Fig. 2. Fig-7 is a similarview on plane denoted by dotted linev7.-7 of Fig.'2. Fig. 8 is a similar view on plane denoted by dotted line 8-'8 o'Fig.' 2. Fig. 9 is a detail A.

bottomlview of the breech-bolt carrier 'and Abarrel support.y Fig. 10'is a view in longitudinal section on plane denoted by dotted line 10h-10 of Fig: 3. Fig. 11. is' a detailv View showing the means for en aging the v swinging member of the breech lock with v the barrel support; Fig. 12 isa side view of the gun with parts broken away .A

to show construction, the breech-bolt being moved' backwardly to nearly its rearward position. Fig. 13 is 'a detail perspective 1 view showing the breech-bolt carrier and.

carrier bolt. 14 is a vdetail perspective view of the breech-bolt.l Fig..15 is a' detail.

perspective .view of the' magazinel spring.

Sipeoicaton Avof Letters Patent.

16, islocate l' said cavity, the stop being normally spaced Pateateaapaa, 1ere.

` Application mea :une so,- 1914. sel-mino. 848,179.-

. invention herein, but I ldo not limit my invention to its presence inl a firearm of the partlcular lpattern herein shown.

.Inthe accompanying drawings the numeral 12 denotes vthestock4 and 13 the frame or receiver of my improved firearm or gun that may be secured together in any suitable manner, as by means of tangsli, the nd of the stock being located between lthe tangs and securedthereto as by screws or other fastening means. The frame or rel751 ceiver 13, composed 'of any suitable metal,

fextends from the stock for a suitable distance to afford a supportfor the barrel 15 and other appurtenant'parts of the gun, and

side at its forward end. Y l

- A barrel Vsupport 17 is located in the i a recess 16 eXtends lengthwise in the frame vand from 1ts top to a'point near its under sol upper part of the recess 16 and is removably.

secured to the frame, :ribs 18` extending lengthwise along the sides of said support land in grooves in the side walls ofthe recess 16. The barrel 15` is rigidly securedto its support in any suitable manner, as bymeans of interengaging. screw threaded parts, or

they maybe formed of asingle piece. A stop 19 projecting-from the under side of the barrel sucpport into a cavity in the. recess to engage an end wall 20 of a slight distance away from said end wall, thus permittingl the barrel-support to have a limlted sliding. movement uponthe frame for a purpose to be hereinafter described.

,Ayholding'catch 21, spring pressed' in one direction, 'is pivotally mounted in the frame ieo `with one end normally located'to securethe barrel support in place and prevent its un' A intentional removalfrom the frame.

A. breech-holt carrier 22 is .supported v by thel frame, being removably secured within the sidewalls of said frame' and l0- cated underneath the barrel support, whichtwo parts rest preferabl one against the other, and are nearly` o the same length. A projection 23 from the-.bottom at the .front end of said carrier has a hole to receive a springv supporting rod 24 that is ing against shoulders27 formedat the inner endV of vthe recess 16. Abreechbolt-closing spring49 is supported on the rod 24; I

lAvbreech-bolt- 29 is pivotally secured near. the rear end of the breech-bolt carrier, and' a carrier bolt 28 is formedl rigid and prefer` .to ride upthe breech-bolt openingcam 43,

ably integral with the carrier and is located `back of the breech-bolt, said bolts beinglo# Vcated in a breech-'bolt :chamber .30.. This chamber extends through the 'barrelsupport l 'and breech-bolt carrier, :and apin Sliforms f the pivotal support for. the breech-bolt.` Ay j'. ring piny 32, springl pressed ,backwardly,'

isloca'ted in the breech-'bolt,fand. a 'striker-33 is movably mounted in the carrier lbolt 28.5 An ejector 34 is slida-bly .mountedin the lower part of the breech-bolt, andhas slots/ -l Q 3 5-36, the former receiving the pivot'pinl of 'the' breech-bolt and the latter a pin form? ing a support for thev ejectorv vagainst which.- an ejector spring 37- presses, the opposite end 'of saidspring pressing against one end 'of the slot 36,@ This mechanism forces the-'ejecof the,

torv normally forward and against ,av cartridge -38 vin the cartridgefchamber 39;' -j 'An extractor .40 .is pivotallym'ounted at the topf breech-bolt: 29, a lspring. normally Aorcingthe vlip-4101i theeXtractor into con- I tactwith the flange on thecar'tridge shell. l `f An -opening'from the breech-bolt chamber 3() isformed. th-'rnighjthe` top of the frame,

extending preferably'to the forwardlend I f thereof, .a4 breech-bolt opening cam'43 being formed at the side'of the vframe on an edge ofsaid opening to receive a breech-bolt o ening'stud 44extending fromV theside o the breech-bolt, this stud being-preferably 'vextended, as shown in.Fi-g.`4, slightly beyond'- the side of the frame to form a handle for the manual operation of the breech-bolt.` A

slot 42 extends from said opening to receive v the stop 45, striking against the upper'wall .of this recess, acting to limit the pivotal movement of thebreechbolt v29.A A lip on the lower edge of this' projection extends be' yond the endvof'the firing pin in position to lengagethe beveled" vforward. end of the,y striker and so position Rit that it cannot strikethe fringpin byH reason of the swing- B0- Aing movement of the breech-bolt and-thus' accidentally explode vav cartridge.

. The operation of the parts thus far described is as follows, it being noted that by pressing the thumb piece of the catch 21 in? ward, the `barrel support and breech-bolt Al stop 45 projects from the lower rear part of the breech-bolt into a. vbreech-bolt recess 46 rin'the carrier loolt'28,I

carrier be removed from the frame, a' cam 47 on the side of the frame causing thestud- 44 to automatically rise and thus not simultaneously.v backward until the-stop`19 strikes the end Wall-20 of the cavity in the xframe, whenthis movement is arrested,

Thismovement causes the breech-bolt stud the movement of thebreech-bolt, during this time, having been retarded by reason of its having been securelylocked against backward movement independently ofV the' barrel support `by reason of the stud 44 engaging the] shoulders 48l `constituting breech-bolt holders' on said support.` This operation 11nlocks the breech-bolt that is now free 'to be *forced backwardly by the explosion of gases within thebarrel. ThE breech-bolt. and its carrier'l now move backwardly, compressing tthe breech-bolt closingv spring, vt-he breechbolt stud '44. passing along the groove 42.

The extractor '40 4pulls theshell from the cartridge chamber, and as soon as the shell isout of the chamber the ejector spring 37 forces the ejector forwardand snaps the jshell out through the opening toV the'breechbolt'jchamber.A As soon as-the backward spring 49' returns the breech-bolt carrier and pivoted breech-bolt'inthis movement striking' thebarrel support and thus returning it toits normal position-.- It will be noted that in order to openthe. breech-bolt chamber the breech-bolt 29 must move upwardly, thus -4 placing the vfiring 'pin out'of line with the Astriker 33 sot-hat it vwill be impossiblefor a Amovement .of the -`parts 4is completed' then cartridge to be explodedby a movement of.l

said striker, as by accidental- `-operation of the hammeror otherwise, when the breechbolt-chamber is open.

A magazinev chamber 50is lformed'in'- the l i l' frame V13 vimmediately underneath. the'v vbreechilpolt'fchamber, this'magazine chamber s being lof a"size[t o receive the cartridgesBS,

preferably located 4in; two rows, .as shown'fin Fig. .6 5 ofthe drawings; `A cover 51- '(prefer-k ably pivoted) closestthe lower end of' 'themagazine chamber, and maybe held in place as by vai: spring f catch 521; The Imovable fol- 'lower4 53 "of the vmagazine chamber, upon.

which'glthe "cartridges rest, isv pressed up# wardly .by a follower spring 54ofr'peculiar.

construction that vcausesfthefollower 531to always'maintain a position most v:favorable to accurate feed of the cartrid es to the car- -when in the magazine chamber. This spring consists of bottom and top supports 55 joinedy 0 pin.

ing bent at angles and passed into the open-V ings formed by the coils-57. When. one or more arms are employed, the supports will be formed as above described and the several4 'arms will be joined by coils ina manner that will vbe readily understood from the above description. The operation of these parts of the magazine will be readilyimderstood by those skilled in the art.

An indicator to denote the number of cartridges in the magazine consists of an indicator slide 79 mounted in the side of the frame and having numerals arranged to show through an opening 80. An indicator pin projecting from the side ofthe follower of the magazine, in a manner similar to that shown and described with respectv to the lever actuating pin 76 hereinafter mentioned, engages this slidemoving it upwardly as the follower moves upward, thus displaying a numeral that will denote the number of cartri'dges inthe magazine. In the .construction herein shown the magazine is illustrated as formed directly in the frame, but, it will be understood that with slight vmodification the magazine chamber 50 may be constructed tov receive a removable magazine in a manner common to guns of this class. I

A hammer 58 is pivotally'mounted in a vchamber59Y formed in the frame, `this hammer beingvlocatedto strike the end of the striker 33 .and force it against thef1ring A vhammer actuator 65, as l,herein shown in the formk of `a lever, is pivotally mounted in the chamber 59, one end engaging the hammer and its opposite end passing into an opening-in a. trigger frame 60 mounted upon a pivot 61 in the chamber 59, as clearly shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings, a. trigger 62 extending from 'the lower end of the trigger frame and within a trigger guard 63.

A detent 64 is pivotally mounted in the trigger frame, its lower end having'a nose adapted to underlie one end of the hammer actuator65, the latter being forced in a direction to move the hammer into firing position by a hammer spring 66, one end of which rests against the lever 65 and the other end against a compressing lever A67 pivotally mounted in the 'trigger frame.

Theend of the lever 67 opposite th'e spring, presses against the detent 64 and causes it to be forced into contact with the hammer actuating lever 65. It will be'noted from this construction that the spring 66 serves the double purpose of a hammer spring and 35 of a spring to hold the detent in engagement with the hammer actuating lever. A trip lever 68 is pivotally mounted in the trigger frame, one end of the lever being pressed upwardly, as by a spring, into engagement with the actuator lever 65. This trip lever has a trip 69 positioned to engage the nose on the detent 64 and remove it from engagement with the lever. 65, thereby allowing the latter to swing under the iniuence of the hammer spring 66.

An automatic -safety 70 is pivotally mounted in the frame with a nose 7l located in the path of movement ofthe trip lever 68. A grip projection 72 from this safety extends above the stock in position to be engaged by the thumb of the user of the gun to ope-rate the safety to permit the trigger to be moved. ln the operation of this mechanism, the trigger frame being swung on the pivot 61, all the parts mounted on said frame are moved in a circular path with said pivot as a center. The hammer actuating lever 65 being engaged at one end with the detent 64, such movement of the compressing lever 67 and hammer spring 66 compresses said spring thus putting the lever 65 under tension, and the continued movement increases 'the tension of said spring. This movement carries'the trip 69 aga-inst the nose of the detent 64 finally disengaging the latter fromY the lever 6,5.which at this moment-has been placed underenough tension to cause the hammer to hit theA striker with a force suiicient to explode 4a cartridge. Another function for the spring 66 is now seen, and that is, its pressure.. upon the compressing lever 67 secured to the trigger frame, causes said frame, andthe trigger 62, to be moved back to their normal positions', in which movement a cooking pm 73 secured tothe trigger frame engages the lever 65 and moves it and the hammer to their cocked positions. It will. thus be seen that the spring 66 serves many purposes, not the least of which are its functions to throw the hammer forwardand also, through the action of the trigger frame, to recock the hammer. It will lbe seen that the arrangement of this mecha- `msm 1s such as to prevent a. repeat or second immediate and unintentional discharge of the gun should thetrigger not be instantaneously released. At the time the trip 69 disengages the 'nose of the detent 64 from the hammer actuating lever' 65 a space has been created between said detent-and lever. Upon such disengagement the action ofthe hammer spring 66, forcing the rear end of the lever downward, causes said lever to force the trip lever 68 downward and move the trip 69 below and out of engagement with' the nose of the detent 64. The lower end-of said detent now immediately swings forward under the influence of the compressing lever 67 and hammer spring 66, over the top ofthe trip 69,l that is thus held by the nose of the detent from] movingin front of it. Should thetrigger.

be held in this position, the movement of y the breech-bolt will cause the hammer 58 to- 'Y @be thrown backward and the rear end ofthe v lever 65 upward into position to permit the.

nose of the detent 64 to rengage the lever arid thus hold it in its cocked position. l

A breech-bolt retaining and carrier locking. lever' 74 is pivotally mounted in the frame at its forward end, a spring 75 at this end ofthe lever forcing its rear end normally downward. A lockingI lever actuating pin 76 is secured to the o of the magazine chamber in position to engage the-lever 74 upon the last cartridge in -`the magazine being place'd in the cartridge chamber y39. This causes said locking lever to be forced upwardly at its rear end, to place it in the path 'of movement-of a shoulder 77 on 'the breech-bolt carrier. As the breechbolt carrier moves backward at f this time under the force of the exploded cartridge the spring 'underneath the follower of the magazine chamber will permit the carrier -locking lever to yield -sufficiently to allow 'such movement, said spring 54, however,

immediately returningthe lever into the path, of movementof the shoulder 77 on the breech-bolt carrier whichis thus held at the backward limit of its play, and the breech-boltchamber is thus opened. lThis enables one to instantly determine when the last4 cartridge has vbeen removed from the magazine and whether or not it has been fired,as a glance at the locking lever opv erati'ng pin 78' projecting through the side of or locking'andcocking lever `81 pivotally mounted in the side part of the frame and extending 'over the Ahammer actuating lever 65, that, when pressed down upon said lever, prevents the latterfrom rising to operate the hammer. -A safety rod 82 projects lengthwise Within the frame and has a cam. -83 on its end adapted to operate against the end of the breech-bolt retaining and carrier locking lever 74 to raise it. whenever the.

safety rod isrotated in one direction and to permit said lever to fall when the safety rod is rotated 'in the opposite direction. In the construction of cam-herein shown vthe-end of the safety rod, which is round, is cut,- away forming a lat'surface against which v the grip projection llower 53V the carrier locking lever rests. A safety rod, and when its end is swung downwardly it is interposed in the-path of movement of 72 on the safety 70, preventing 'the gun from bein fired. It 'willbe noted that t is placing of the safety lock in front of said safety has caused the safety rod 82 to be rotated to raise the carrierl locking lever, and thus lock lock 84 is secured to the end of the safety Y accidentally v the. breech-bolt carrier against opening movement, this by reason of engagement of a shoulder 85 o-n the end of said lever with a locking shoulder 86 in the rear end of the breech-bolt carrier.4 The safety rod 82 is cut-away on one side as at 87 within which recess thus formed the'c'ocking and locking lever 81 may rest to permit movement o f the hammer actuating lever 65. As the safety rod is rotated however, to bring its full portion against the safety bar the latter is pressed downward against` the hammer ac-y tuating lever, thus preventing its movement.

' .The shoulder 85 and shoulder 86 at the end of the breech-bolt carrier are beveled sufficiently to permit such parts to disengage when they areheld only under the force of the follower spring 54 of the magazine, the construction, however, being suiiicient to lock the breech-bolt carrierI against `movement when said lever is locked. When the carrier iocking lever 74 is forced upward by the follower spring 54, as the breech-bolt carrier is moved backward, the end of this lever is forcedinto a recess 88 in the breech.

bolt carrier and thus into the path of movement of the shoulder 77 formed at one end o f said recess.

A safety tail 89 upon the trip .lever 68 is located back of the detent 64 to prevent its accidental disengagement from the hammer actuating lever 65. This tail is s uliciently long to be carried against an upper wall of the chamber 59 by the trigger :frame in its pivotal movement, this .engagement of the' tail with the wall ofthe chamber insuring' the disengagement of the trip from the detent to enable the latter to move over the top cof thev trip in position to instantly; reengage the'. hammer actuating lever should this disengagement of the detent and trip said actuating lever.

lIn order to insure the retention of the breech-b01tinl place and prevent its being forced vout by the expanding. gases, lugs 90 are formed on'its opposite sides to engagegrooves 491 formed in theside walls of the breech-boltv chamber in the barrel support, these lugs beingproperly curved on their upper and; under surfaces to. engage f the not have 4been caused'by the operation of upper andund'er' walls of said grooves in any position in' which the vbreech-bolt may -be placed by movement vupon'its pivot. My improved firearm hasspecijal advam rimessa tage in those features that enable it to be.

may be required by reason of misiire or hangl fire due to defective primers or otherl causes. It will be noted that this result may be accomplished in diderent ways. 'ln one method -of operation, the hammer being down and consequently held against for- `ward movement action of the spring 66 upon the hammer actuating lever 65 will be in a reverse direction from its action in firing and this will move the hammer to its cocked position and'in 'this operation the detent 64C performs an active part, its nose engaging the beveled lower rear end of said actuating lever to impart an initialaccelerating movement thereto. thus acts in a double capacity in this operation; by pressing directly upon the actuating lever that resists this pressure, it imparts movement through the compressing lever 67 -to the detent for the purpose described. It

will be understood that this function of the detent, in the recocking operation, is in addition to that hereinbefore described with respect to-the cooking pin' 78 that is moved against the actuating lever in the swinging movement of the trigger. method 0f operation pressure of the locking and cooking lever 8l will recock the harnmer, and'this may be effected manually by direct pressure upon the lever 8l in different ways, one of which, as shown herein may be by actuating the safety lock 84 through the safety rod 82, when said safety lock is turned to the safety position, the rod pressing the safety bar downward, as hereinbe.- fore described, and this movement forces the hammer .actuating lever downwardly and recocks the hammer. These methods of cooking the hammer are of special advantage in that it is not necessary to open the breech by manual operation of the breechbolt to accomplish the purpose.l

lt will be noted that the rotation o f the safety rod to its safety position prevents accidental discharge of the firearm in several different ways. By pressing the locking and cooking lever 8l against the hammer actuating lever 65 said lever is pressed downward. recocking the hammer, as hereinbefore described, and said lever is held in this position and prevented from operation should the trigger be intentionally or accidentally moved. y In addition to holding the locking and cooking lever, the operation of the safety lock Se also presses the carrier locking lever 74 into the recess in the breech-bolt carrier thus locking the breechbolt against movement. and this operation of the safety lock also moves the nose 7l on the locking lever into engagement with the trip lever 68 thus preventing move- The vspring 66.

ln another.

ment of the trigger frame and its component parts.

In order to obtain uniform expansion and contraction of the different parts, and especially as to the barrel`support, breech-bolt carrier and frame, by guarding against an uneven heating of said parts, I provide for the circulation of air for the` purpose of reducing the temperature and thus retard the heating of parts, and especially the barrel support and said carrier. ln the construction herein shown a set of corrugations 92 are formed between the barrel support and the frame, extending lengthwise of the structure and another set of corrugations 93 are formed between said parts, extending I crosswise, some of the corrugations of one set opening into some of the corrugations of the other set. Likewise aset of lengthwise corrugations 94 and a set of crosswise corrugations 95 are formed between the breechbolt carrier andthe barrel support, the corruga-tions .of one set opening into the corrugations of another set and also the corrugations between the barrel support and' frame, ,in some instances, communicating Y with those between the breech-bolt carrier and barrel'support. These corrugations are alsol formed to open into that part of the recess 16 containing the breech-boltireturning spring. In the action of the parts this recess .will be reduced in area as the ,pro-

jection 28 movesbackwardly ywith the breech-bolt carrier, with a result that the heated air will be'eXpelled from this-recess,

and as said projection moves forward the areav of ythe recess will be increased and' early part of its backward movement, means for locking the breech-bolt to said retarding means, means for pivotally moving `.the breech-bolt to release it-from said retarding means to permit it to complete its backward movement, and means forreturning the breech-bolt to its closed position.

2. A- irearm including a frame, a pivotally mounted breech-bolt otherwise movably supported by the frame to be actuated by the explosive forces, a member interposed `directly in the path of backward movement of a part of the breech-bolt. (turing the early period of such movement, means for locking the breech-bolt to said interposed member, means for pivotally moving the breechbolt to disengage it from said memberto permit it to complete its backward movement,.and means for returning the breechy y thereon by the forces of explosion, an obstruction interposed in the path of backward bolt to its closed position.

3. A firearm including a frame, a member movably mountedv on the frame to: be actuated' by the recoil forces, a Apivotally mounted breech-bolt operatively connected with said member, lmeans for locking the breech-bolt against backward movement in dependently of other parts of the fire'arm, means influenced. by the backward movement of said movable member .to-pivotally operate lthe breech-bolt to l*unlock it, and

means for returning the forward position.

4. -A firearm including a framea member movably mounted on the frame, a carrier,

breech-bolt to its a breech-bolt pivotally-mounted on said c arrier and operatively connected with vsaid member, means for locking the -breech-bolt against backward movement independently of said member, means influenced by the Y backward movement of'said movablel member` to pivotally move the breech-bolt to unlock it, and means for returning the carrier and breech-bolt to its closed position.l 5.. A firearm including a frame, a member movably mounted onv the frame, a pivotally mounted breech-bolt otherwise movably mountedwith said member, the,latter having a part interposed directly across the path ,of movement ofa part of the breechbolt to' obstruct its backwardv movement,

means iniuenced by said member in its backward movement to pivotally move the breech-bolt and thus .remove said member as 'an obstruction to the backward movement ofthe breech-bolt, and means forl returning the breech-bolt to its closed position.l

6. A firearm including a frame, 'a movably mounted member on the frame, a pivotally mounted breech-bolt'otherwise movably mounted with said member, the latter having a part interposed directly in the pathv of movement of a part of the breech-bolt to obstruct its backward movement independently of-said member, means influenced by said member in its backward movement to pivotally move the breech-bolt to remove 'it from such obstruction and permit backward movement of the breech-bolt independently of saidmember, and means for returning the breech-bolt to its closed position.

7. A firearm including a frame', a pivotally mounted breech-bolt supported by theframe andv otherwise movable thereon, an obstruction movably mounted on the frame and interposed in the path of backward movement of a part of the breech-bolt tc prevent such movement independently of such obstruction, means to pivotally move the, breech-bolt to pass said obstruction, and

movement of the breech-bolt to prevent such movement independently of such obstruc- 1 tion, said bolt being constructed to engage said cam to swingit pivotally to pass said obstruction, and means for returning the `breech-bolt to its closed position.

9. A firearm including a frame, a member movably mounted on the frame to be actuafted byA the recoil forces, a pivotally mounted breech-bolt supported by the frame v and otherwise movable by the explosive forces, an obstruction interposed directly across the path of backward movement of.

the breech-bolt but movable therewith, means for pivotally swinging the breech-bolt to l'cause it to pass said obstrjuctiomand means for returning the breech-bolt to its forward position.

l0. A firearm including a frame, a memvber movably mounted lon the frame to be acf -tuated by the recoil forces, a breech-bolt pivotally mounted on said member to be actuated by the explosive forces, said member being. interposed in the path of backward movement ofthe breech `bolt and movable therewith, means to swing the breech-bolt v 'on its pivot to'remove it from engagement erated by the 'recoilforces, a breech-bolt piv- .otally `mounted on said member to be actuated by the explosive forces, meansto limitthe backward' movement of, said member, means to -pivotally move said breech-bolt to disengage it vfrom said member, and means for returning the breech-bolt to its closed position. v

12. A irearm'including a lframe, a member movably mounted on the frame for movement by recoil forces, means for limiting the backward movement of said member, a breech-bolt .pivotally mounted on said -vmember, means for preventing backward movement of the breech-bolt independently of said member, said frame having a cam interposed in the path of movement of the breech-bolt to pivotally move it to release it from engagement with said member, and means for returning the breech-bolt to its closed position. v

. 13. A firearm including av frame, a breechbolt-pivotally supported by the frame to be operated by the explosive forces, means actuated by the recoil forces to otherwise move the breech-bolt, holding means for the 'l breech-bolt, movably mounted means for support movably mounted on the frame to be actuated by the recoil forces, a breech-bolt carrier movably mpunted in the frame., a breech-bolt movably mounted on the carrier, said support having a part interposed as an obstruction to the path or" backward movement of the breech-bolt, means for releasing the breech-bolt from said obstruction to permit its backward movement and that of the carrier, and means for returning the carrier and breech-bolt'to their normal positions.

15. A firearm including a frame, a barrel support movably mounted on the frame to be actuated by the recoil forces, a breechbolt carrier movably mounted on the frame, said support having a part interposed as an obstruction to the backward movement of the breech-bolt, means for releasing the breech-bolt from said obstruction, and a single means for returning the breech-bolt to y its closed position and said support to its forward position.

16. A firearm including a frame, a barrel support removably secured to the frame and movable thereon 'by the recoil forces, a breech-bolt pivotally mounted and movable by said support, the latter .having a part interposed as an obstruction to the backward movement of the breech-boltindependently thereof, means coperating with the support in its backward movement to render said obstruction ineffective, and means for returnp ing the breech-bolt to its closed position.

17. A firearm including a frame, a barrel support removably secured to the frame. a breech-bolt carrier movably mounted on said support and attached thereto, a breech-bolt movably mounted on the carrier, said sup- ,port having an obstruction located in the path of movement of the breech-bolt to prevent its backward movement independently of the support, means to -move thel breechbolt to permit it to `pass said obstruction, and means for returning the breech-bolt to its closed position.

18. .A fire arm including a frame, a barrel support movably mounted on the frame to be actuated by the recoil forces, means for limiting the backward movement of said support, 'a breech-bolt carrier mounted on the support, a breech-bolt pivotally mounted on the carrier, said support having an ob- .struction interposed in the path of backward mov'emerit of the breech-bolt.independently of the support, means for moving the breechbolt to permit it to pass said obstruction, and

'i the other,

a single means for returning the breech-bolt to its closed position and the support to its forward position.

19. A firearm including a frame, a barrel Support movably mounted on the frame to be actuated by the recoil forces, a breech-bolt pivotally mounted and movable by said support, the latter having an obstruction interposed in the path of backward movement of' the breech-bolt independently thereof, means coperating with said support in its backward movement to render said obstruction ineffective, means to return the breech-boltA to its closed position, and a member on the support to receive the force of the returning means to'move the support to its forward position.

-tion ineffective, a spring to return the carrier to its forward position, and means upon the barrel support to receive the thrust of said carrier to return said support to its forward position. A

21. A firearm including a frame, a carrier bolt and a breech-bolt movably mounted on the frame and one movable independently of means movable simultaneously with said movable bolt to retard the back-' ward movement of the breech-bolt, means to move one bolt independently of the other to disengage itfrom said retarding means, and means for returning the breech-bolt to its closed position.

22. A firearm including a frame, a carrier bolt and a'breech-bolt movably mounted on the frame, one of said bolts being also pivotally supported, means movable simultaneously with the breech bolt for retarding its movement, meansv for swinging the pivoted section to disengage it from said retarding means, and means for moving the bolt to its closed position.

V23. A firearm including a'frame, a breechbolt carrier-movably mounted on the frame, said carrier including al carrier bolt afHXed thereto, a breech-bolt pivotally mounted on the carrier, means to retard the backward movement of the carrier, means to swing the breech-bolt to disengage-it from said retarding means, and means for returning the cai'- rier to its forward position.

24. A firearm including a frame, a barrel support movably mpuntedon the frame, a breech-bolt carrier movably mounted on the frame, a carrier bolt rigidly secured to the carrier, a breech bolt section pivotally mounted on'the` carrier, said support having 'an obstruction to the backward movement of llO y'the vrb'reeclbbolt,I ,meansy iniiuenced byy the backward movement of they barrel support vto operate the pivoted breech-bolt to .pass

said obstruction, and v means vfor returning the breech-bolt to its forward position.y

' 25. A'irearm including a frame having a cam', a barrel supporttmovably mounted on to and having a part to engage said cam,

f said support vbowing an obstruction'k to backward movement of the breech-bolt, connec' tions vbetween the breech-bolt and said supporty to' mover the 'formera into vengagement with the cam to permit'it to pass saidfolo-r struction, and means for returning th breech-bolttor its closedv position.vr v f v f v f 26. A firearm includinga frame, a carrier vboltv and a breech-bolt mounted in the frame,

one of said bolts beingy mounted ifor pivotal; t movement independently of the other, a ir-r t ing'pin mountedvin the :breech-bolt anda striker mounted in the 'carrie-rfbolt, -means'v iniuenced by the breech-bolt in' its backward f movement tor vswing yit von v,itsv pivot, a nam-l v mer, and means for operating the hammer. t v. 27. A firearm including a frame, a carrier bolt and a breechoolt mounted vin the rame, one of said bolts being mounted for pivotal vrnovenrlent independentlyof the other, a firing pin mounted inthe 'breech-bolt, a'fham-vv mer, means for operating the hammer, fand' means vini-lfuencedy bythe backward movement of the breech bolt vto sw'ingiton'itsv yt pivot.

28. "A irearm including a lframe, a striker jsupported for longitudinal movement by the" frame, a breech-bolt movable transversely to said striker, and also 'constructed to be moved longitudinally in the frame under the forces of the explosive gases, a tiring pin mounted in the breech-bolt, a hammer to engage said striker, means for operating the hammer, and means influenced by the backward movement of the breech-bolt to swing it on its pivot.

29. A frame, a carrier bolt mounted for longitudinal movement in the frame, a striker mounted in the carrier bolt, a breechbolt 'mounted for longitudinal movement in the frame and also having a movement transverse to the longitudinal movement of the carrier bolt, a firing pin mounted in the breech-bolt, a hammer to operate the striker, means for operating the hammer, and means iniiuenced by the backward movement of the breech-bolt to impart said transverse movement thereto.

30. A firearm including a frame, a breechbolt pivotally mounted at its front end in the frame, means for raising the back end of the breech bolt during the early part ofits backward movement, a firing pin mounted in thebreech-bolt, a hammer to operate the v 33, vAgrearm including a support removablyr located vin the yframe and v Vhaving lugs.y engagingy grooves in theside 'ofi the frame, a breech-bolt carrier, a breech# bolt vmounted'r on said carrier, av rreturningv inra-ees tiring pin, and means for operating the hammer.,v f, t

- 3l. A firearm including a frame,v iring f mechanism mounted in the frame and infrom the forward end of the breech-bolt,

ejector having slots therein, pins pro- ]ecting through said'slotsto' hold theejector f v v in place, and a spring located in one of said i ilgotsfansl rressingaeainstone Ofvsaid Pills and against thev ejector to vnormallyy press its 1 t l v t end out of theforward end of the breech- 32. A ir'earm including a. frame, a barrel y support 4.removably mounted in the frame vrand having guide'lugs engaging ygrooves vin ,t t

the side part of the frame, a breech-bolt car-r ricr, afbreech-bolt located on said carrier, ifmeansffor operating'the'breechfboluanda:

manuallyoperated latch accessible 'from out' side :ofthe frame withv its end disposed to hold saidl support in place. i

frame, a barrel spring acting against the carrier, means for ing the barrel support in the frame,

y v34. A firearmfincluding a frame, a barrel support ,movably mounted in the frame, a breech-bolt carrier, a breech-bolt mounted on .the carrier in position to engage the support, a returnlng' spring acting against the barrel support, means forl transferring the force of said spring to said frame, and means for locking said support within the frame.

35. A irearm including a frame, a barrel support removably mounted in the frame a breech-bolt carrier, a breech-bolt mounted on said carrier in position to engage the support, a stop projecting from the barrel support into a cavity in the frame to engage the end wall thereof, a base resting against said stop and adapted to engage shoulders on the said hammer, a spring 1n engagement with said member, a trigger, means coperating with the trigger to place tension upon said spring as the trigger is moved, a detent to hold said member, and a trip connected with the detent to release said member to permit the hammer to operate under the influence of said spring.

ytransmitting the force of said spring against said frame, and means for removably hold,r u

37. A firearm including a frame and a firing mechanism including a hammer mounted in the frame, a lever mounted in the frame with one end in engagement with the hammer, a spring engaging the opposite end of' the lever, a trigger, means connected with the trigger to increase the tension of' the spring as the trigger is pulled, a detent for holding said lever, and a trip operated by the trigger to release the detent and permit the lever to throw the hammer forward.

38. A firearm including a frame, a hammer mounted in the frame, a member engaging the hammer to operate it, a spring in engagement with said member, a trigger pivotally mounted in the frame, a compressing lever in engagement with said spring, said lever being pivotally mounted on the trigger to compress the spring as the trigger is moved, a detent for holding said member, and means connected with the trigger to release said detent and permit said member to operate the hammer.

39. A firearm including aframe and a firing mechanism including a hammer mounted in the frame, an actuating member for said hammer, a spring compressed against said member, a trigger pivotally mounted in the frame, a compressing member operatively connected with the trigger to compress said spring in the movement of the trigger, a detent, and means connecting the detent with the trigger to operate the latter to release said actuating member to operate the hammer.

40. A firearm including a frame, a hammer movably mounted in the frame, an actuating member mounted in the frame, a spring for said actuating member, acompressing member, a trigger pivotally mounted in the frame, means connecting the trigger and compressing member to operate the latter to compress the spring, a detent to engage, the actuating member to hold it against movement, and a trip pivotally mounted on the trigger to engage the detent to release it from said actuating member.

41. A firearm including a frame and a firing mechanism including a hammer movably mounted in the frame, an actuating member pivotally mounted in the frame, a trigger pivotally mounted in the frame, a

spring in engagement with said actuatingmember, a compressing member pivotally mounted on the trigger to engage said spring, a detent pivotally mounted on the trigger to engage said actuating member, a trip, and a connection between the trip and trigger to operate the trip to release said detent.

42. A firearm including a frame and a firing mechanism including a hammer pivotally mounted in the frame, an actuating lever pivotally mounted in thel frame with one ing said member, a pivotally mounted trigger, a compressing member pivotally mounted on the trigger," a detent pivotally mounted on the trigger to engage said compressing member to compress the spring as the trigger is moved, said detent also engaging said actuating member, and a trip operatively' connected with the trigger to release said detent.

44. A firearm including a `frame and liring mechanism mounted in the frame and including a pivotally mounted trigger, said firing mechanism also including operating parts pivotally mounted thereon and controlled in their operations by the pivotal movement of the trigger, a locking lever pivotally mounted in the frame to engage the `pivotally mounted parts on the trigger and prevent its movement, and a projection from said locking lever extendingbeyond the outer surface ofthe frame.

45. A firearm including a frame and firing mechanism including a hammer mounted inthe frame, a hammer actuating member, a locking and cooking lever pivotally supported at one end in the frame and projecting across said member, and means for pressing said lever into contact with said member to prevent its operation.

46. A firearm including a frame, a breechbolt movably mounted in the frame to be automatically operated by the forces of eX- plosion, a breech-bolt retaining lever, connections between said lever and breech-bolt to positively lock the latter in its closed position, and means for manually actuating said lever to unlock the breech-bolt.

47. A firearm including a frame, a breechbolt movably mounted in the frame, a breechbolt lever pivotally mounted in the frame, a magazine, connections between the floor of the magazine and said lever for actuating the latter, said connections being rendered effective upon the removal of the last cartridge from the magazine, and means upon said lever to loclrthe breech-bolt in its closed position and to engage said bolt to hold it in its open position.

48. A firearm including a frame, a breechbolt movably mounted in the frame, a breech-bolt lever pivotally mounted in the frame, a magazine, connections between the floor of the magazine and said lever for actuating the latter, said connections being rendered effective upon the removalof the last cartridge from the magazine, means vupon said lever to I position and to engage said bolt vto hold it in itsopen position, and meansfor manually operating said lever. i 49. A firearm including a frame, a breechbolt movably Vmounted in the frame, a breech-bolt retaining lever, connections between said lever and breech-bolt to held the latter in its closed position, a ring mechanism including a safety member, a safety lock to engage said safety member and prevent its movement, and connections between said lock and breech-bolt retaining lever to operate the latter.

50. A rearm including a frame, a breechbolt movably breech-bolt retaining lever to lock said breech-bolt in its closed position, `a hammer, an actuating member for the hammer, means for locking said actuating member, a safety member, a safety lock to prevent movement of said safety member, and connections between said lock and breech-bolt retaining lever to actuate the latter and also to prevent movement of the actuating member lock.

5l. A firearm including a frame, a firing mechanism including a hammer mounted in the frame, an actuating member therefor, a

' spring for said actuating member, a detent to hold said actuating member, a trip to engage said detent to release it from the actuating member, means for pressing the detent in engagement with the actuating member, means for releasing said trip from the detent immediately upon release of the latterirom said actuating member, and connections between said trip and trigger for operating the latter.

52. A firearm including a frame and firv ing mechanism mounted on the frame and including a hammer, an actuating member therefor, a spring for said actuating member, a compressing member for said spring, a detent engaging said compressing member to receive the force of said spring, said detent also engaging said actuator, a trip underlyingV the end of said actuating member to be moved thereby, a pivotally mount-- ed trigger, and connections between the trigger and trip to move the latter to release the detent.

53. A firearm including a frame and a firing mechanism including a hammer mounted in the frame, an actuating member for the hammer, a pivotally mounted trigger aspring to engage said actuating member, a compressing member connected with the trigger to compress the spring, a detent operatively connected with the trigger to actu-l ate said member, a trip operatively conmounted 1n the frame, a-

lock the breech-bolt in itsclosed v ating member,

lmounted in the frame,

nected with the trigger to release said detent, and a recocking pin operatively connected with the trigger to recock the mechanism.

54. A firearm including a frame and a firing mechanism mounted in the frame, an actuating member for the hammer, a pivotally mounted trigger, a detent to hold said actuating member, a trip operatively connected with the trigger to disengage said detent from said actuating member, and a projection on said trip positioned back of said detent to prevent its accidental disengagement from said' hammer actuating member. a 55. A rearmincluding a frame and a firing mechanism including a p hammer mounted in the'rame, an actuating member for the hammer, a pivotally V4mounted trigger, a detent to engage said hammer actuating member, and a trip pivotally mounted on the trigger and having a projection positioned to engage the frame to insure disengagement of the trip from the detent. v 56. A firearm including a frame and a firing mechanism an actuating member for the hammer, a pivotally mounted trigger,a detent to engage said hammer actuand a trip pivotally mounted on the trigger and having a projection positioned to-prevent accidental disengagement of the detent from the hammer actuating member and also to engage the frame 'to insure disengagement of the trip from the 57. A firearm including a frame, a breechbolt and ,a carrier bolt, one of said bolts being pivotally mounted, a firing pin mounted in the breech-bolt, a striker pin mounted in the carrier bolt, and a projection from the pivotally gage the pin in the other bolt to prevent engagement of the two pins in the pivotal movement of said pivoted bolt.

58. Al firearm including a frame, a'carrier bolt and a-breechbolt mounted in the frame, one of said bolts being pivotally mounted, a pin mounted in one of said bolts, a projection from said lpivotally mounted bolt extending beyond the'end of the pin therein, and a pin located in the other bolt and positioned to be engaged by said projection.

59. A rearm including a frame, a carrier bolt mounted therein, a breech-bolt pivotally supported by the frame, a firing pin mounted in the breech-bolt, a striker pin mounted in the carrier bolt, and a projection from the breech-bolt extending beyond the end of the firing pin in position to hit the striker 'pin in the pivotal movement of the breech-bolt and prevent contact of said ins. p 60. A firearm including'a frame. a barrel support movably inclosed Within the frame including a hammer` including a hammer.

mounted bolt positioned to en-l with intersecting lateral and longitudinal grooves formed in the meeting walls of said parts, said grooves opening at the surface of the frame to the atmosphere, and means for forcing a circulation of air through said grooves. v

61. A firearm including a frame, a barrel support movably-inclosed within the frame with a series of lateral grooves and a series ofy longitudinal grooves, each of said series being formed in 'one of the meeting walls of one of said parts, and means for-forcing a circulation of airthrough said grooves.

62. A firearm including a frame, a barrel support movably inclosed within the frame, said frame having a chamber extending for a substantial distance lengthwise thereof, said barrel support forming one wall of said chamber, a series of lengthwise and a series .of vcrosswise grooves intersecting one another and located in the meeting faces of the frame and barrel support and opening a't the surface of the frame to the atmosphere, and means within said chamber for forcing a circulation of air through said grooves.

63. A frame, parts movably supported by the frame, passages located between said movable parts and opening -to the outer surface of the structure to provide for a circulation of air, said frame having a chamber communicating with said passages, a

member movably located in said chamber, a

breech-bolt movably mounted on the frame, and operative connections between said movable member and breech-bolt;

' 64. A firearm including a frame having a chamber therein, parts movably supported on the frame and having passages located between them and opening to the atmosphere to provide for a circulation of air, a breech-bolt carrier, and a -member connected with said carrier and located in said chamber to forcev a circulation of air through said passages. 65. A firearm including a frame having a groove formed in its upper surface, a barrel support movably mountedon the frame and forming the upper wall of said groove thereby constituting a chamber for the compression of air, said parts having passages opening tothe atmosphere for the circulation of air, a breech-bolt movably mounted in the frame, a member constituting the end of said chamber, and means operatively connecting said member and the breech-bolt to cause a circulation of air through said passages.

66. A firearm including a frame having a groove in its upper surface, abarrel support movably mounted in the frame and forming the upper Wall of said groove, constituting a compression chamber, said. parts having passages between their meeting walls opening to the atmosphere and to said chamber for the circulation of air, a breechbolt 'movably mounted in the frame, a member constituting one wall of said chamber, a spring located in said chamber and thrusting against said wall, and operative connections between the breech-bolt and said member to cause movement of the latter.

67. A firearm including a. frame,a breechbolt carrier movably mounted in the frame, said parts being arranged with passages for the circulation of air between said parts.

68. A firearm including a frame, a barrel support movably mounted in the frame, a breech-bolt carrier movabli7 mounted in .the frame, said parts being arranged with passages for the circulation of air therearound.

'69. A firearm including a frame, a barrel support movably mounted in the frame, said parts having a recess and passages for the circulation of air into said recess, and means for increasing and decreasing the area of said recess.

70. A firearm including a frame, a barrel support movably mounted in the frame, a breech-bolt carrier movably mounted in the frame and independently7 of the barrel suplcocked position, said detent and actuating member bein-g formed to impart initial accelerating movement to the actuating member b v the detent.

72. A rearm including a frame, a 'firing mechanism mounted thereon and including a hammer, a hammer actuating member, a pivotall7 mounted trigger frame, a detent mounted on said frame to engage said actuating member, the engaging surfaces of the detent and actuating member beingformed to impart initial accelerating movement to said actuating member by the detent, means for forcing the actuating member into engagement with the detent, means for operating the trigger frame, and a cooking pin secured to said frame to engage said actuating member to cock the hammer.

73. A firearm including a frame, a firing mechanism mounted thereon and including a hammer, an actuating member in engagel Vof the hammer, cluded in said 'said spring to adapted to engage said actuating member to automatically place the hammer in cocked position.

74. A firearm including a frame, a firing mechanism mounted thereon and including a hammer, an actuating member for said hammer, and means connected with said trigger and said actuating means to automatically place the hammer in cocked position.

75. A firearm including a frame, a firing mechanism mounted thereon and including a hammer, an actuating member for said hammer, a trigger for operating Vsaid actuating member, means actuated by the trigger for forcing the actuating member to place the hammer in cocked position, a bar to engage `said actuating member to move it to place the hammer in.y cocked position, and means for actuating said bar.

76. A firearm including a frame, parts having a slidable bearing within the frame, and grooves formed in the slidable bearing surface to reduce the expansion in a direction laterally to that of the sliding movement of the parts. l

77. A firearm including a frame, parts having a slidable bearin within the frame, grooves formed in a sli able surface to reduce the expansion in a direction laterally to that of sliding movement of the parts, and means for introducing air into said grooves.

78. A firearm including a frame, parts slidably mounted in the frame and having crosswise and lengthwise grooves formed in a sliding surface to reduce expansion in a direction laterally to that of sliding movement of the parts, said grooves opening to ermit the entrance of air thereto and circulation therethrough.

79. A firearm including a frame and firing mechanism mounted therein and including a hammer, a spring to effect movement and self-acting means infiring mechanism'l to cause force the hammer into firing and to recock it. firearm including position 80. A a frame and firing mechanism mounted therein and including a hammer, a spring for effecting movement of the hammer, and self-acting means included in said firing mechanism for causing the spring to exert pressure at one end to force the hammer to firing position and at the other end to recock it.

8.1.. A firearm including a frame and liring mechanism mounted therein and including a hammer, a spring to effect operation of the hammer, and a connection between the hammer and spring and including a movable trigger frame and members mounted upon the frameV to cause the spring to force the hammer to firing position and also to recock it.

82. A firearm including a frame and firing mechanism mounted in the frame and including a hammer, an actuator for said hammer, a spring seated against said actuator, means for compressing the spring to force the hammer to firingposition, and means for transmitting thev force of the spring to move the hammer to cocked position.

83. A firearm including a frame, a breechbolt movably mounted in the frame, a breech-bolt retaining lever, connections between said lever and breech-bolt to lock the latter in its opened or in its closed positions, and means for manually actuating said lever to lock or unlock the breech-bolt.

84. A firearm including a frame, a breechbolt movably mounted in the frame, a breech-bolt retaining lever, connections between said lever and breech-bolt to lock the latter in its open or in its closed positions, means for manually actuating said lever to lock or unlock the breech-bolt, a magazine including a movable follower, and connections between saidr follower and said lever for actuating the latter upon the removal from the magazine of the last cartridge.

THOMAS F. HARTIGAN.

Witnesses A.VE. OBRIEN, ARTHUR B. JENKINS.