US1177058A - Furnace. - Google Patents

Description

W. S. ROCKWELL.

FURNACE.

APPLlcAloN man JuLYzs, 1915.

1 17'?,O58. Patented Mar. 28, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2- iik @Oky @ha na'rnnr nnirnn eiserne' WALTER S. ROCKWELL, F NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO V7. S. ROCKWELL CMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., .A COREORATI-GN OF NEVI JERSEY.

FURNACE.

- chamber receives the heated annealing,

4Specication of Letters Patent.

' Patented ar. 255, lllil.

Application led July 28, 1915. Serial lilo. 42,2270.

To all vw/wm t may concern.'

Be it known that l, WALTER S. RocnwnLL, a citizen of the United States, residing at 300 lVest One Hundred and Sixth street, New York, county of New York, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Furnaces, fully described and represented in thev following specification and the accompanying drawings, forming a part of the same.

Thisinvention relates to that class of furnaces employed in heating objects of any desired character, as in the operations of hardening, coloring, tempering, 1'eheating, forging, dac., and the improvements consist in the construction hereinafter described and claimed. In such furnaces, the charge of material or articles to be treated is placed upon the working-Hoor of a chamber in which the heat is `applied to the objects, and which will be called the heating-chamlier herein. Such heatinggases from a chamber in whichsolid, liquid or gaseous fuel is burned, and this latter chamber is termed the combustion-chamber herein.

The passages for the entrance of the heated gases, and the escape of the waste gases, are located at the side of the heating-chamber; and an additional advantage is secured by forming a ledge at one or each side of the heating-chamber, through the top of which such passages are extended, as such ledges provide a space at the edge or edges of the working-floor for the circulation of the heated gases at the side or sides of the charge. lVith escape outlets near the floor level, the constant inflow of heated gases forces. the burnt gases to move gradually downward from the roof of the .heatingchamber to the floor of the same before they can escape from the heating-chamber. Both sides of heating-chamber are formed with a series or plurality of inlet and outlet-passages so that both edges of the charge upon the working floor of the chamber are equally heated. The forced downward movement of the gases brings them positively into contact with the charge and causes them to thoroughly heat the same in all parts alike as they pass to' the outlet-passages adjacent to the edges of the working floor. The openings of the inlet and outlet passages are arranged alternately in the length of the ledge, so thatthe currents of heated gaseswhich rise from the inlet-passages are more or lessfmixed with the descending body ofl burnt gases moving toward the outletpassages in the same ledge. The location of the inlet-passages inthe top surface of the ledges causes the heated gases to move upward as they enter the heating-chamber, and thus prevents their overheating the edges of the charge upon the working-floor.

The location of the outlet passages in the edges of the floor avoids the formation of so-callcd short-circuits of gases in the heating-chamber, which arise when the heated gases are admitted in the lower part of the chamberand are wasted by discharge into the air from the upper part, as in such case the hot gases naturally tend to rise without stratification and escape from the upper -outlet without effectively heating the charge 'uponl the working-floor.

rlhe completeness with which the gases are `mixed in the present construction, and their retention in the chamber and upon the charge 'as they move downwardly and enter the outlet passages, operates to utilize the heat in the mostetcient manner. A greater effect or penetration of the heat is produced by the pressure of the accumulated gases in the 'heating-chamber., which thus operate uniformly upon the heated charge.

The invention will .be understood by reference to the annexed drawing, in which-.- Figure l is a longitudinal vertical section at the middle of the furnace; 2 is a plan in section on line 2--2 in l; 3 is a section online 3-3 in Fig. 2; and Fig. d; is an elevation of the furnace at the end having the door; Fig. 5 a section on line 5-5 in Fig. G. Fig. G is a plan of an alternative construction partly in section.

In Figs. l to 3 a designates the .side-walls of the furnace, the rear Walhand c the front-Wall having the onor-open. t; d provided with door A door opening is y shown' at one-end of the heating-chamber,

but the door-openings-may be made in both ends of the furnace if desired, andare prefera-bly niade' narrower than the space between its"sidelwal1s, which contains .the chamber-floor. The oor of 'the heatingehamber is shown provided with ledges e next the side-walls, between which ledges the space' may be considered asthe worki11g-floo1",as the charge 'is confined `to such space by -the upward projection of the ledges.

Two combustion-chambers lg, g areishown 'beneath the floor of tlie"heatingchamber 'and supplied with burners it, 71,', for gas or '4 oil. Any other suitable fuel may beused,

as coal burned upon a grate. These combustion-chambers are used snnultaneously and'not reversibly, Any outlet-flue z' for the A'heating-chamber, as indicated 'by the ar-l waste gases is extended lengthwise of the furnace 'under the. combustion-chambers, and outlet-passages 's are shown extended through'the ledges and through the floor into connection with the outlet-flue as per arrows n. Inlet-passages Z extend from the combustion chambers upward-through the lmain floor and the ledges, and introduce the heated. gases into the lower side ofthe rows a.

Holes fm, are shown extended through the arches (over the combustion-chambers) which formthe working-floor of the heating chamber, to distribute a proportion of the heated gases to the bottom of the charge when the nature of the charge requires. The entire space between the side-walls of the heating-chamber, which includes the working-floor and the space occupied by the ledges, may be termed the main-Hoorlof the heating-chamber through which the heated gases are introduced, and the spent gases escape.

r1 he working-Hoor is shown in Figi 8 having the usual iron T-bars a artly sunken in the material of the floor to support the pans, ingots or other charge a little above they Hoor, .so as to permit the access of tl ie gases through '1 the holes fm., and their ci rc 1lat` ion beneath the charge, when the heat' ng chamber is. charged'. 1

A damper lf:dl in the form cf a; slidin gate is shown applied to the outlet flue to regulate lcombustion chambers, the heated gases of"- combustion rise upwardly through the holes the discharge of the spent gases.

The-'operation ofl the furnace is asffollows z-Combustion being effected in the fm. and the inlet passages Z to generate the desired temperature in the heating chamber.

The heated gase'snaturally 'rise to the top f of the heating chamber, where their accumulation forces the gases downward in strate toward the working-Hoor .e until the gases-reach such floor, and the charge upon it, and are forced into the outlet passages k. As the inlet-passages introduce the heated an equal temperature is produced upon both edges of the charge upon the working floor, The location of the-outlet passages close to the looi'level compels such downward move-1 ment of the heated gases and their pressure upon the charge before they can escape. Any accumulatlon of soot or dirtin such passages can be readily cleaned out through apertures c in the side wall of the furnace, which apertures are closed by plugs 7a2. g

It will be noted that the passages 7c and Z in Figs. l' to 3 are notl formed in the sidefet gases at both sides Iof the heating-chamber,

walls of the furnace, and do not therefore weaken the side-walls, asis common inmany priorconstructions; but the inlet-passages are formed solely through the main-floor of Y the heating-chamber and the ledgesup'on it;

'and the outlet-passages are p conducted through the ledgesto the outlet-line.

Such

outlet-passages are shown extended through the edges ofthe main-floor, 'to reach the outlet-flue e'. When properly heated, the floor is charged with the material to be treated, the temperature being regulated by the damper cwhich is operated to control the flow ofspent gases from the heating-chamber as may be Yrequired.

An alternative is shown 1n Figs. 5 and 6,

to illustrate a construction for the outlet- I passages, where the flue for waste-gases low the l'eifel ofthe working-floor e, to per- 1 ilo mit 'the extension of a lateral passage kafto connect with an uptake p in the side-wall of the'furnaee. 'The upper edgeof the passage la is represented slightly below the level of l the working-floor e, so that the gases cannot escape to the uptake?)l until-saflicient pres'- sureis developed` in' the heating-chamber to force the waste-'gases downward to thelevel of the working-floor. This seeuresa heating of the working-floor or anyfcharge `laid uponit, while it' permits the waste-gases to be discharged later-ally or upwardly from the lateral passages k3; A damper csmay be applied to each o'f the 'uptakes, as shown.

One advantage of the use of the ledges-,is

'that the hoor cannot be so loaded as toprevent the circulationfof the gases' between the side-walls and the -material charged upon the working-floor.

i 1 .te

of the articles. Such outlet-passagesalso The. discharge, by the outlet-passages, be-

4 low or at the level of the working-11001' produces a gas-pressure upon the floor and upon the articles which may be disposed upon the floor, thus insuring a more uniform heatingl maintain. the required heat nearthe door of the chamber, by reason of the gas-pressure which is generated and maintained therein.

They also admit of a stronger structure, with heating of the chamberV and the charge theref in, the heated gases. are introduced through"y `a series of inlet-passages at both sides of the chamber, and at or close to the floorlevel; and it Will be understood that these inlet-passages operate to continuously and simultaneously deliver the heated gases tovboth sides of the chamber, While the outletpassages operate to continuously removethe spent gases therefrom. l l

In my construction, the heated gases are continuously introduced through theV same passages, and the same outlet-passages also serve continuously to discharge the spent gases from the chamber.

It Will be observed that the inletand the outlet-passages are arranged alternately along the sides of the working-floor (in the ledges), and produce a plenum or pressure of the gases Within the chamber. Such plenum is a necessary result of the gas-outletsvbeing vat the bottom of the heatingchamber, as the gases Would not pass from the out-lets in such a location until a gaspressure Was generatedin the chamber and upon the charge.

It Will be understood that as the incoming heated gases are lighter' than the outgoing gases partly cooled, they' force themselves upward through the `descending body of gases in the chamber, and thussecure a very even distribution of the heat. thorough mixing is produced by the travel of the gases from the bottom of the chamber to the top and back again, and a perfectly uniform/pressure, in the chamber is also produced 'because no outlet exists intermediate to the topand bottom to relieve the pressure above the level of the Workingloor.

A series or plurality of inlet and outletpassages along both the side-Walls of the chamber `is desirable in the present invention, to diifuse the heated gases throughout the chamber as'they-ienter the same, and. also to Withdraw Waste gases from numer- Such dra of the heated gases toany particular. point. Y.

The location of the outlet passages at substantially the level of theworking floor, and their arrangement alternately with the'inlet passages, gives them such a relation tol the inlet passages and to the Working floor as ous'ipoints in thechamber so as to avoid any Ato produce a' satisfactory action of the heat upon the charge, which is greatly alfect'ed i by theheated gases being forced or built downwardly instrata from the roof of the -heating chamber into contact With the charge.

The movement of the gases upward and downward between the floor and the roof of i the heating chamber, secures a most effective circulation of the gases adjacent tothe sides of the charge upon the floor, and secures an equal heating of the charge, Which would be' less effective with a charge lying close to the side Walls of a furnace Without such ledges and passages.

[It has been found byv experience that slight changes in the disposition of the inlet and outlet-passages make a very material' dilerenc'e in the operation of a furnace, and many furnaces operate ineflciently beicause the-heat is not properly distributed.

My disposition of the inlet and outlet-pas-V sages has been found in practice to produce a most uniform eifect of the heat upon the charge, and to secure a rapidheating of the charge in the heating-chamber and -a maintenance of the heat in an economical manner.

Having thus set forth the naturel of the invention what is claimed herein is:

l. A furnace having a heating-chamber with a ledge along the Wall upon at least one side of the chamber, a combustionchamber with a series of inlet-passages for supplying heated gases from the same'to the heating-chamber through the said ledge and a series of outlet-passages extended from the heating-chamber through the same ledge, whereby inlet and outlet-passages in the same ledge operate respectively to simultaneously introduce the heated gases to and l remove the spent gases through the saine ledge in the vheating-chamber.

2. A furnace having a heating-chamber with ledges disposed upon the floor of the heating-chamber along its Walls, means for supplying heated gases simultaneously through inlets in the said ledges, and a plurality of outlet-fines in the ledges operated continuously and simultaneously to remove the spent gases'from the heating-chamber.

outlet-passages extended through the said.

. ledges and disposed alternately therein with the inlet-pz`1ssages, the inlets and outlets operating respectively to continuously and simultaneously deliver the heated gases' to and emove the spent gases :7mm the heat# ing-chamhen ln tesilmony Whereo .ll have heljelmto sel; my hand in the presence o two subscmbmg 10 WitnessesT www@ e., Reewmhh

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