US1174034A - Surveying instrument. - Google Patents

Description

J. S. ADAMS.

SURVEYING INSTRUMENT.

APPLICATION man APR.28, 1915.

1,174,034. Patented Mar. 7, 1916.

JAMES s. ADAMS, FI-1ASLAM,'TEXAS.

sunvnvme, INSTRUMENT.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented. Egan '7 1916,

, Application filed Atrn 28, 1915. Serial no. 24,51o'.

To all whom at mag/concern:

Be it known thatI," JAMES S; ADAMS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Haslam,in the county of Shelby and State of Texas, have invented certain new and use ful Improvements in Surveying Instruments, of which the following is, a specification. w

This invention relates to precisioninstruments and more particularly relates to an instrument of this character which may be em ployed by surveyors in calculating the dis- .tance between the point ofsetting up and the target, without the use of the usual-lin ear chain, I f I As a principal object it is contemplated to provide a surveying transit bearing a pair of pivoted telescopes, one of which is employed to find the elevation of the target by reference to a guide scale while .the other telescope coacts with the one first mentioned in automatically registering the distance between the point of set-up andthe target.

More specifically it is aimed to provide a base plate which may be fitted upon the ordinary tripod, such plate to have pivotally mounted thereon an elevational telescope for there is illustrated the preferred embodi-f ment of this invention, as it is reduced to practice and throughout the several views of which like characters of reference designate similar parts: Figure 1 is a plan view of the transit provided by this invention, Fig. 2 is an elevational view of the subjectmatter of Fig. 1, Fig. 3 is a sectional detail of the adjusting means for the distance telescope, and Fig. 4 is a side elevational view of the adjusting means for the elevation telescope.

There is employed in the transit ofthe,

present invention a base plate 5 which is i earns PATEN WEE,

substantially rectangular but havingone of itsends 6 prolonged to meet the diagonal member, 7 in forming an extended corner from which projectsthearm 8, parallelto the sides of the plate 5. This arm is formed with a slot 9 in which there is slidably accommodated a blocklO, such block being" adjustably movable longitudinally of the slot by means of the screw 11, oneterminal of which is fitted with the knurled cap 12 while the opposite end is cut away at the point denoted 18 to accommodate in the cut away portiona screw 14, which a reference to Fig. 3 will show as permitting rotation ofthe screw without longitudinal movement thereof. 5

I At some suitable" point of the base plate which may be symmetrically determined in accordance withthe weight of the telescopes mounted upon said plate, there may be provided the removable pivot screw 15 which rotatably mounts the base plate 5 upon a hub 16 carried upon the upper platel? of a tripod designated 18 as an entirety. This tripod has a lower plate 19 vertically spaced from the mentioned upper plate 17 and adjustably maintaining the same through the medium of the customaryscrews 20 where by leveling of the base plate 5 is attained in accordancewith spirit levels 21 which may be inset into the plate5 at'right angles to each other. supported'upon this base plate for turning respectively through vertical and horizontal angles. The elevation telescope 22 is pivoted to one of the forward corners of the plate through the medium of a yoke 23 and is provided rearwardly with the lateral extension 24 which may be threaded to; re- I ceive at its extremity the adjusting friction cap 25 which will maintain the telescope in set position with reference to the arcuately slotted guide 26 through which the extension 24: projects. This guide isprovided with a scale denoted 27 with which a pointer 28 carried by the telescope is adapted to co,-

act in determining degrees of angular 'ele vation ofa target. Acompass '29 may also be supported by the base plate at some suitable point.

The distance" registering telescope 30 s also mounted for passing through vertical v, angles through the medium of the pivoting. yoke 31, itself swivelly mounted upon the base plate 5. Rearwardly this instrument is Two telescopes are pivotally 1 supported by the ring 32 secured at the upper extremity of an adjusting rod 33, this latter being threaded for vertical movement;

through the block 10 previously described as slidable in the slotted projection. 8. A nut 3a controls 'vertical adjustment of this rod and a pointer 35 is carried by the block 10 to coact with the scale 36 engraved on one upon by adjusting opposite screws 20 in the usual manner. The elevation telescope 22 is then trained upon the target which must be brought to the exact center of vision in the field afforded by the, cross hairs of the telescope. The elevation may then be read off upon the scale 27 the latter being suitably laid oil in both directions from the zero point which the pointer 28 normally indicates when the telescope is level, those readings on the portion of the scale designated A being plus elevations while the upper portion 13 of the scale is read for the minus elevations, or depressions from the horizontal line of sightthrough this telescope. WVhen the elevation has been thus determined both the telescope 22 and the base plate 5 are clamped in their positions while the target is then located through the distance tele-' scope 30 so that the line of sight now taken intersects the line of sight of the elevation telescope at the target itself. A reading is then taken upon the scale 36, the graduations of which are especially calibrated for each transit. It will thus be seen that means have been provided whereby the objects previously presented may be readily attained by this novel embodiment of transit. Aside from surveying the distance across impassable bodies such as quicksand, wide rivers and the like and in otherwise dispensing with the use of the usual chain, this invention provides a precision instrument which may be most readily adapted for use as a range-finder. 7

While in the foregoing however, there has i thus been illustrated in the drawings and described in the specification such combination and arrangement of elements-as constitute thepreferred embodiment of this invention, it is desired to emphasize the fact that such minor changes in the matters of proportion and degree may be made in later adaptations of this device as shall not alter the spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is: v

1. A surveying instrument including a-rotatable base plate, means for leveling and holding said plateagainst rotation, yokes mounted on opposite sides of said plate, a telescope pivotally supported in each yoke for movement through vertical angles, an arcuate scale frictionally supporting the rear of 0116015 said telescopes,a pointer carried by the latter to coact with said scale, a vertically adjustable rod supporting the other of said telescopes, and means for turning said rod through horizontal angles.

2. A surveying instrument including a rotatable base plate, means for leveling said plate and holdingthe same against rotation, yokes carried by said plate and one thereof swivelly connected thereto, a telescope pivof said telescopes for movement through both vertical and horizontal angles.

3. A surveying instrument including a rotatable base plate, means as customary for leveling said plate and holding the same against rotation,a pivoting yoke carried by said plate, a swiveled pivoting yoke also carsupporting the free extremity of the other ried thereby, an arcuately slotted guide secured to said plate, a telescope mounted in first said yoke for movement through vertical'angles, an extension upon said telescope for projection through said guide, said guide having a scale marked thereon, a pointer carried by said telescope, means for :tric'tionally clamping said telescope to said guide, a slotted extension formed on one corner of said plate, a block slidable horizontally in said extension, a telescope mounted in said second yoke for horizontal movement, an adjustable rod passing through said block and also supporting second said telescope, said slotted extension having a scale marked thereon, and a pointer carried by said block to coact with said scale.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

- JAMES s. ADAMS. Witnesses C. M. SAroN, W'. P. MoGEE.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. c.

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