US1173910A - Semi-automatic firearm. - Google Patents

Description

J. -W. C. YOUNG'. SEMLAUTOMATIC FIREARM.

APPLICAUON FILED JULY 27, 1914.

Patented Feb. 29, 1916.

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JOHN W. C. YOUNG, 0F SACO, MAINE- ASSIGNOB. T0 THE J'. C. YONG FIRE ARMS COMPANY, 0F SACO, MAINE, A CORPORATION 0F MAINE.

SEMI-AUTOMATIC FIEEARM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application led July 27, 1214. Serial No. 853,256.

arms, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to fire arms, and refers especially to guns of the type known as magazine rifles.

One of the objects of the invention is to provide a semi-automatic fire arm with interengaging hammer and breech bolt whereby each holds or locks the other against action.

Another object is to provide improved means for preventing the location of a car- I tridge in the iiring chamber until the breech bolt is released, the hammer being slightly raised to full cocked position to effect such release.'- Another object is to provide an improved structure of breech bolt which will prevent premature discharge.

Another object is to provide improved mechanism for preventing the firing pin from bruising the end of the chamber of the barrel, if the hammer is released when no cartridge is in place.

With these and other objects in view, my

invention consists in the improvements which I shall now proceed to describe and claim.

Of the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 represents a partial side elevation and longitudinal vertical section through so much of a magazine rifle embodying my improvements as is necessary to an understanding thereof. Fig. 2 represents a top plan view, partly broken out and in section, of a portion of the barrel and the breech bolt. Fig. 3 is a view similar to a portion of Fig. 1, but showing the breech-bolt and hammer in the inter-locked positions which they occupy as the result of the coil of the breech bolt. Figs. 4, 5 and 6 represent sections on lines 4 4, 5-5 and 6-6 respectively of Fig. 1.

Similar reference characters indicate similar parts in all of the views.

The barrel 10 is in one piece, and has near its rear end a lug 11 bored and threaded to receive a bolt or screw 12 by which the barrel is secured to the frame 13,'said lug fitting an opening in the frame as shown by comparing Figs. 1 and 6. The rear portion of the. barrel isbored to form a chamber 14 in which the breech bolt l5 is fitted to slide, the rear end of said bolt sliding through a knurled collar 16 suitably secured as by screw threads, in the rear end of the barrel. The breech bolt has an extension 17 having Patented Feb. 29, 1916.

a diameter slightly less than that of chamber 18 of the barrel, said chamber 18 having two openings, one 19 for the entrance of a cartridge from the magazine 20, and the other one 21 for the passage of an ejected shell. As the magazine may be of any preferred type, no detail description thereof is necessary.

The portion of the barrel at the rear of chamber 18 forms a stop shoulder 22 against which the front endA of the larger portion'of the breech bolt abuts when thrown forward,` said shoulder being so located as to prevent the breech bolt from being 'shot forward far enough to cause a premature discharge or jamming of the cartridgev that is pushed by it into the position shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The breech bolt is shot forward by a spring 23 coiled around it and under suflicient compression between a shoulder 24 of said bolt and the collar 16.

To prevent the breech bolt from rotating while permitting it to slide it is formed with a longitudinal groove 25 into which a guide pin 26 projects from the wall of chamber 18. A second pin 27 acts to facilitate the ejection of a shell. Secured to the opposite side of the extension 17 is a spring hook 28 adapted to snap over the rim of a cartridge as shown in Fig. 2. The extentA of recoil of the breech bolt is such that just before it reaches its eXtreme rearmost position, the rim of the shell which is being drawn back by the hook 28 contacts with pin 27 while the slight final rearward movement of the bolt causes the hook 28 to act on the opposite side of the shell rim and swing it, forcibly out through the side opening 21.

The firing pin 29 is slightly longer than the breech bolt and is mounted to reciprocate in a groove therein. Its' rear end or head 30 normally projects slightly beyond a collar 31 which 1s rigidly secured to the contained, to prevent any such excessive movement of the firing pin relatively to theA breech bolt as to cause the tip of the firing pin to bruise or indent the end of the barrel chamber if there isno load in place. I do not limit myself however to this specific stop or Aarresting pin, as the shoulder 34 of the firing pin, by contacting with the shoulder 35 of the breech bolt, might serve the same purpose. The collar 31 may be formed with a thin shoulder 36 to prevent the firing pin from shifting too far rearwardly.

The hammer 37 pivoted at 38, and the trigger 39 pivoted at 40, are of well known' y the explosion of the charge to fire the proj ectile, but are not Such as to prevent the recoil rom forcing` both the breech bolt back and to act through the latter to force the hammer back a little beyond the position shown in Fig. 3. In otherwords, the collar 31 acts.

on the face of the hammer and swingsthe latter in opposition to its spring, until said collar slips over. thev top of the hammer as shown. This does not quite cock the hammer, and as soon as the collar passes the top of the hammer, owing to the latter moving in the are of a circle while the collar moves in a right line intersecting that arc, the

hammer spring causes the hammer to re turn slightly until its top bears against the under face of the breech bolt in front of the collar. Obviously the hammer can move no farther, and the breech bolt can not be advanced.` In the meantime, however, a fresh cartridge has been raised by the usual -magazine mechanism in front of the extension 17, but the hammer and the breech bolt'are so inter-engaged or locked, each by the other, that there is perfect safety althoughthe hammer is very nearly in position for firing. i

It will be observed that the shoulder 44 of the hammer is so located that when the collar 31 passes the top of the hammer, said l shoulder will not have quite reached the tip ofthe trigger, and the hammer spring prevents the hammer from being thrown far enough back by the recoil to cause said shoulder 44 to be engaged. It is so near, however, that a. vslight operation of the.

hammer by the thumb of the user will re- A spring The instant this release of the'breech bolt occurs, the spring 23 acts to ilide the bolt to the position shown in Fig. 1, and locate the fresh cartridge in position to be discharged.

I claim:

1. A firearm comprising a barrel having a' breech bolt chamber and a stop shoulder, a breech bolt having an intermediate portion sldingly fitting said barrel chamber and having a forward extension and a rear portion both of which are of lesserv size than the intermediate portion whereby front and rear shoulders are provided, the front shoulder beingA adaptedto contact with said stop shoulder of the barrel to prevent premature discharge, a collar at the rear end of the barrel, the rear portion of the breech bolt .extending through said collar, and a coiled around said rear portion of the breech lbolt and confined between said collar vand the rear shoulder of the breech bolt.

-2. A fire arm comprising'a barrel having a breech bolt chamber, a breech bolt having alarger intermediate portion directly engaging and slidingly fitting said chamber, a 'collar at the rear end of the barrel, the rear portion of the bolt extending through 4said collar, a firing pin slidingly mounted inthe bolt and projecting beyond the rear end thereof, and a collar mounted on .the

rear end ofthe breech bolthaving a. projection in the path of a portion of the firing pin to limit rearward movement of the lirlng pin relatively to said bolt.

3. A lire arm having a barrel provided with a chamber for a breech bolt, the rear end of said barrel being threaded, a collar engaged with the threaded end of the barrel, a breech bolt mounted to slide in the chamber of the barrel and also through said collar, the rear of the breech bolt having a projection, a ring pin carried by said bolt, a

pivoted hammer having a portion in the path of rearward movement of the breech bolt and firing pin, said hammer having a portion to interlock with the said projection of. the breech bolt, and a trigger, said trigr and hammer having portions adapted to .mterengage when the hammer has been shifted to a point rearwardly of the position to which it is carried by the recoil of the breech bolt In testimony whereof I have ailixed my signature, in 'presence of two witnesses.

JOHN W. C. YOUNG.

Witnesses:

RALPH' S. MARSH, DWIGHT HALL.

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