US1173437A - Governor. - Google Patents

Description

L. M. KARNASCH.

GOVERNOR.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 6, I9I5.

Patented Feb. 29, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

INVENTOR. 6- /7- /sfR/v/yscf/ B Y M @wv/7L ATTORNEYS.

WITNESS THE COLUMBIA PLANDGRAPII cu., WASHINGTON, D. c.

L. M. KARNASCH.

. GOVERNOR.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 6. 1915.

Patented Feb. 29,1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

WITNESS /Q/LMM.

'r1-IE COLUMBIA PLANUGRAPH 120,P wASHxNG'roN, D. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. i

LEOPOLD M. KARNASCH, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE PELTON WATER WHEEL COMPANY, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, A CORPORATION 0F CALIFORNIA.

GOVERNOR.

Application filed May 6, 1915.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, LEOPOLD IWI. KAR- NAsoi-r, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city and county of San Francisco, State of California, have invented a new and useful Governor, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to speed control governors for moving parts of apparatus or prime movers which control the speed of the apparatus or prime mover and which parts require considerable power for their operation.

An object of the inventionv is to provide a governor of the class described which is simple in construction and operation.

Another object of the invention is to provide a governor of the class described, which going, will be set forth at length in the following description where I shall Voutline in full that form of the invention which I have selected for illustration in the drawings accompanying and forming part of the present specification.

In the drawings I have shown only one specific form of my generic invention, but it is to be understood' that I do not limit myself to such form because my invention vmay be embodied in a multiplicity of forms,

desire to cover the invention in whatever Y form it may be embodied.

ernor is particularly applicable to theA speed Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 29, 191e.

Serial No. 26,293.

control of hydraulic apparatus, such as water-wheels and turbines, in which instances it may operate to move the control valve to vary the amount of water flowing or to move the nozzle to vary the amount of water projected against the wheel.

In the drawings, for the purpose of illustration, I have shown the governor connected to the needle valve of a tangential water wheel, but this is only one of the uses to which the governor may be put. Y

Referring to said drawings: Figurel is an end view of the governor, partly in section. Fig. 2. is a vertical section of a portion of the governor, taken at right angles to Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a side view of the lower portion of the governor. Fig. a is a section of the lower portion of the governor taken at right angles to Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is an elevation showing the governor connected to a tangential water wheel.

The governor comprises in general, a centrifugal governor,.a regulating valve operated by the centrifugal governor, a neutralizing or return mechanism, a power cylinder with its associated pistons to which the flow of the operative pressure fluid is controlled by the regulating valve, means carried by the pistons for operating the return mechanism and afpower shaft connected to the pistons.

The governor comprises a suitable casing 2 in which the power operating and controlling devices are arranged. Mounted on the casing is the speed controlled or centrifugal governor 3, which is provided with a pulley el, which is connected by the belt 5 with the prime mover or other apparatus to be governed. The centrifugal governor may be of any Ydesired form and its particular construction does not form a part of this invention. The top head 6 of the governor 3 is movable vertically due to variations in the centrifugal force of the governor balls due to variations in speed. vThe present speed governor is constructed so that an increase in speed causes the top head 6 to be depressed and a decrease in speed when the governor is running allows the top headv to rise. Means are also provided in the centrifugal'governor for adjusting the tension on Vthe governor balls, so that different positions of the balls may be secured for the same speed.

Secured to the top head 6 of the centrifusleeve 14 which is provided with ports' uhich are Controlled. .by the Piston valve- The sleevel 14y isl slidable vertically in the chambered cylinder 15 and is .pressed downward by vthe spring 16. The piston valve 8 and .the A apertifnjed sleeve form, in combina- '.tion', a valve for controlling the flow of ifinlid under vpressure to' the .po-Wer' operated mechanism: A movement of the piston valve relative .the sleeve, in the ypresent construction,y opens ythe valve and a move- Y nient of the slee-'ve with relation-*to the pisval-ve closesthe Valve. rPhe two parts, the' piston valve' and the sleeve', thereby cooperate to form lthe control valve.

Formed in the casing are two opposed cylinders172318 which are respectively conneoted by suitable passages 21--22 with chambers 231-24 in the cylinder 15. Disposed in the cylinders are pistons 25 26 which are" connected together by the shank forming a single, double-ended piston. shank off the piston is inclined to the axis of ,the cylinders, preferably being formedslightly conical in shape for reasons which will hereinafter be set forth. Means are provided for transferring the Inovement the piston to .the shaft 28, which projects from Ithe casing andwhich is connected in any suitable manner to thespeed controlling' means of the lapparatus or prime mover to be governed. In the present construction the shaft A28 is provided with crank varms 2.9 which are pivotally attached to a yoke. 31, partly surrounding the shank 27 of the piston and engaging the piston heads .The shaft 28, in Fig. 5, is connected to the stem of the needle valve through y the crank 33 and link 34 and the movement of the shaft is accompanied by a movement of the needle, thereby varying the amount of Wil-tei' projected from the nozzle 35 against the wapenen se, by Whieh the een 5 is drijven.

.l-"he piston is operated by Huid, preferably oil, under pressure which drawn from 4the' reservoir located at the bottom of the casing'2. .The reservoir is provided with a filling hopper 37 which also serves as agage so that the level of the oil inthe rcservoir may be observed. From the reservoirv Athe oil is drawn through the pipe 38 to the gear pump 39 which is preferably driven by the apparatus or prime mover being governed. 1 From .the pump 39 the oil is vforced throfugh the pipe 41 into the chamber 42 in the' casing, which .chamber surrounds the 'sleeve .14.y AMeans are provided y for by-passing the oil fromthe chamber 42 to the rcsrvoir 3.6, .when vthe oil is being supplied at and uncovering'the ports 47 and 48.

a higher rate than it is being employed to operate the piston. Adjacent chamber 42 is a conduit 43 which opens into the reserbackward, opening the port 44 and allowing the oil to pass directly into the reservoir.

4The sleeve 14 is provided with ports 46 registeringwith chamber 42 through which they oil passes into the annular space between the sleeve and the body of the pistonvalve `8',- this space being closed on .the top and bottom bythe piston heads 1.2 and 13.

The sleeve is also .provided .with ports 47 connecting the champ-:er 24 with the interior of the sleeve and .ports 48 connecting the chamber' 23 with the interior of .the sleeve. The opening and closing of .the ports 47 and is controlled by the piston heads 12 and 13 on the piston valve .8.I The sleeve is also provided with discharge ports 51-52 which establish communication between the interior Iof the sleeve and the reservoir 36. .Secured to the lower end of the sleeve 14 is a pin 53 which engagesl the inclined surface of the shank 27, thereby causing a movement of the pistons v25+,26 to cause 4or permit a movement of the sleeve 14. In Fig. 2, the piston valve is shown in the neutral position, that is, the ports 47 and 48 are closed by the piston heads 12 and 13 so that no oil is flowing to or from the cylinders 17-418. ris .the speed ofthe prime mover increases, the governor head Y6 is drawn down, depressing .the piston valv) 8 il under pressure then flows from vthe chamber 42 into chamber 23 and thence through conduit 21 to cylinder 17 moving the piston 25"-'26 to ,the right, and the oil in cylinder 18 displaced by movement of the piston flows through conduit 22, chamber 24, ports 47 and 52 tothe reservoir. The movement of the piston 2(5*26 to the right rotates the shaft 28 andthereby reduces the speed of the prime mover and atthe same time allows the sleeve 14 to be depressed by the spring 16 to bring the ports 47 and 48 into alinement with the piston heads 12 and 13,

In .the application of the governor shown in 3' v decrease the speed of the water wheel and a movement of the piston to the left opens vthe needle and thereby increases the speed.

At starting, it is necessary to adjust the position' of the controlling element of the prime mover, in this instance the needle, by hand until the wheel is brought up to speed, and when the hand control is employed the valve 54 on the pipe 38 should be closed to prevent oil from being forced into the governor. A by-pass valve 57 operated by the hand wheel 58 is provided to establish communication between thecylinders 17 and 18 when the shaft is to be rotated by hand. Secured to theshaft 28 is a hand lever crank 68 in which the hand lever 59 is inserted. The hand lever crank is provided with a slot 61 concentric with the shaft 28, through which passes a bolt 62 secured to the casing and the bolt is provided with a hand wheel 63 by which the hand lever crank may be clamped in position when starting. After the prime mover and the oil pump are in operation, the valve 54 is opened and the bypass valve 57 is closed and the governor automatically controlls the speed of the prime mover. In the water wheel unit shown in Fig. 5, when the wheel is not running, the hand lever crank is clamped in position with the needle closing the nozzle. To start the wheel, the clamp is released and the nozzle gradually opened by the hand lever until the wheel comes up to speed, and then the governor is thrown into operation.

I claim:

1. In a governor, a piston adapted to be moved by fluid under pressure,a valve controlling the flow of such fluid to the piston, means independent of the piston for opening said valve and means on the piston for closing said valve.

2. In agovernor, a piston adapted to be moved by fluid under pressure, a valve controlling the flow of such fluid to the piston, means operative by variations in speed of the apparatus being governed to open said valve whereby the piston is moved and means on the piston engaging said valve whereby the movement of the piston closes the valve.

3. In a governor, a piston adapted to be i valve parts to open the valve whereby the piston is moved, and means integral w1th the piston engaging the other valve part whereby the movement of the piston closesl the valve.

5. In a governor, a piston adapted to be moved by fluid under pressure, a two part valve controlling the flow of such fluid to the piston, means for moving one of said valve parts to open the valve whereby the piston is moved and means on the piston comprising a surface inclined to the aXis of the piston engaging the other valve part, whereby a movement of the piston closes the valve.

6. In a governor, a piston adapted to be moved by fluid under pressure, a valve controlling the flow of such fluid to the piston,

means for opening said valve whereby the piston is moved and a cone on the piston engaging said valve, whereby the movement of the piston closes the valve.

7. In a governor, a piston adapted to be moved by fluid under pressure, a valve controlling the flow of such fluid to the piston, means operative by' variations in speed of the apparatus being governed for operating said valve whereby the piston is moved and means on the piston coperating with said valve whereby the movement of the piston operates to return the valve to its former condition.

8. In a governor, a piston adapted to be moved by fluid under pressure, a valve controlling the flow of such fluid to the piston,

means operative by variations in speed of the apparatus being governed for operating said valve, whereby the piston is moved and a surface on the piston inclined to the axis thereof engaging said valve, whereby the movement of the piston operates to ret-urn the valve to its former condition.

9. In a governor, the combination of a movable ported sleeve, a valve arranged.

within the sleeve adapted to be moved relatively thereto by variations in the speed of the appara-tus being governed, a piston arranged to be moved by pressure fluid whose flow is' controlled by said valve, and mea-ns on the piston intermediate its ends for causing the sleeve to move relatively to the valve.

10. In a governor, a piston adapted to be moved by fluid under pressure, a valve comprising a piston valve and an apertured sleeve for controlling the flow of said fluid to said piston, means operative by variations in speed of the apparatus being governed for moving said piston valve relatively to the sleeve to open the valve whereby the piston is moved, and an inclined surface on the piston engaging said sleeve whereby the movement of the piston causes a movement of the sleeve relative to the piston valve.

11. In a governor, a piston adapted to be moved by fluid under pressure, a valve for iic controlling the flow of yfluid to Vsaid piston and means -.on the piston for `operating said valve, any movement lof vsaid piston causing ,a corresponding movement of said valve.

12.111 a governor, a piston adapted tobe moved by fluid under pressure, a valve for ,controllingfthe flow of theV fluid to said pisposed .cylinders formed therein, pistons in said cylinders, an element having a surface inclined to the axis of the cylinders arranged between yand connecting said pistons and a valve for controlling the lioW of fluid Y to said cylinders engaging said element.

i v15. In a governor, a casing having opposed cylinders formed therein, pistons in fsa/id cylinders, `a conical element arranged between andconnecting lsaid pistons, a valve for controlling the vflow of fluid to said cylinders, meansv for opening said valve and means engaging said conical element for returning the valve to the closed position.

16. ka governor, a casing having opposed ,cylinders formed therein, rigidly con- 'nected v'pistons disposed in said cylinders, a valve for controlling the fioW of fluid under pressure to-'and from said cylinders, vmeans for manually movingsaid pistons and means for liv-passing the fluid from one cylinder tothe other' around the valve. y 17. In a governor, a cylinder, a piston in said cylinder adapted to be operated by'fluid under pressure, a valve for controlling the flow of said fluid to the cylinder, a chamber surrounding said valve and connected to the source of pressure fluid and av pressure operated relief valve for controlling the pressure of the luidin said chamber.

l18,. 'ln a governor, a casing having opposed cylinders formed therein, pistons in said cylinders, a ,conical element arranged between and connecting said pistons, a shaft connected to lsaid pistons andto the appa- .tare-137 yratus to bev governed, a valve insaid casing for controlling .theflow .of y,fluid under pressure to said cylinders, means operative. by variations in speed of .the apparatus being governed for opening said valve, whereby thepistons'and shaft are moved,.and means connecting the yvalve With the conical element whereby the movement ofthe pistons rclose said valve.

by the'connected pistons are moved, andV means on the sleeve engaging said conical element whereby movement of the pistons moves the sleeve to close the inlet and discharge apertures to and from the cylinders.

20. In aA governor, a :casing having opposed cyl'inders therein, pistons `in said cyl- 'inders, `a conical element varranged between and connecting said pistons, an apertured sleeve engaging said conical element, chainbers in the 'casing' surrounding lthe sleeve and communicating With the cylinders, a chamber in the casing and surrounding the sleeve, communicating with a lsource of fluid under pressure, each of said chambers registering with apertures in the sleeve, a piston valve arranged Within the sleeve and adapted to be moved by variations in the speed ofthe apparatusbeing governed to uncover the apertures in the sleeve whereby fluid under pressure is directed to one cylinder and the fluid in the other cylinder discharges, causing a `movement of the pistons and vconical element, the movement of the conical element serving' to move the sleeve to .cause the piston valve to close the apertures therein.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand at San `Francisco, lCalifornia, this 30th'day of April, 1915. y

- LEOPOLD M. KARNASCH.

In presence of- -H. Gr. PRos'r.

Copies of this patent inay be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington,-D. C.

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