US1166038A - Method of lining tubes. - Google Patents

Description

W. BURHNGHAM'. METHOD OF LINING TUBES. APPLICATION mad MAR. 23. 1915.

Llfififlao Y Patented 15% 28, 1915.

Lam

WITNESSES INVENTO m iwwaw k x PM 1 I i l t. Ill.

WILLIAM BURLINGHAM, F NEWPQB a N8, -VII&QEFNIA, ASSIGNOB; GE ONE-IZ-llhlldi E li:

JOSEPH BRIGGS WEAVER, 0h HEW/PORT NEWS,

METHOD O13 LINING TUBES.

wanna-ammo Application filed March 328, 1915.

'heretofore employed, it has been generally the practice to effect the union of the lining with the outer tube by means of a mandrel or cylindrical or conical block, which is drawn 0r dragged through said lining, expanding the same and forcing it into contact with the tube, fluid pressure being in some instances thereafter employed to complete the expansion of the lining member and it being also sometimes necessary to employ tracks, drums and Winding and supporting apparatus for the expanding device, all of which are dispensed with in my device. These methods and devices of the prior art are unsatisfactory, for the reason that the contiguous surfaces of the lining member and the outer tube are not in practice intimately pressed into contact with each other, so that all the interstices on the inner periphery of the outer tube are completely filled and engaged by the outer surfaces of the lining member, and furthermore, the lead lining is at times drawn apart by the friction of the mandrel during its progression therethrough. In ad dition, the expanding mandrel of the prior art is frequently of such dimensions or shape that it is very difficult in practice to employ the same to line a curved pipe. In addition, it has heretofore been generally deemed impractical to line a tube With material other than lead pipe, but by my novel method, I am enabled to line an outer tube with any malleable metal lining desired, my invention furthemore being applicable to linings of any desired diameter. M

For the purpose of obviating the cusadvantages ofthe prior art hereinbefore' enumerated, I have devised my novel method of lining tubes, which in its broad aspects can be carried out in the desired manner by various mechanisms, the lining member after having been placed in position Within the outer tube having every portion of the outer surface thereof hammered into close and intimate Contact with. the con tiguous surface of the outer pipe by ham- Specification of Letters Patent.

lPa'tented Dec. 2%, Haiti,

Serial no. 18,063.

mering blows impacting thereon at substantially a right angle to the axis of the tube, as contradistinguished from being merely outwardly pressed against the inner periphery of the tube, as in the prior art, whereby all the depressions, cavities and interstices of said outer pipe are fully and com pletely filled bythe outer molecules of the inner malleable lining member, said molecules being hannnered into intimate relation and engagement with the contiguous surface of the outer tube, as distinguished. from prior devices wherein the lining member is merely pressed against the outer tube by the progression of a conical or other shaped block or mandrel.

my invention, various types of mechanism may be employed, but 1 preferably employ a plurality of expanding heads or hammer- In carrying out the broad features of ing members, which are vibrated with great rapidity by a reciprocating piston, and which may be advanced or retracted or reciprocated step by step and step b, step expanded or spread apart Within t e entire. length of the tube to be lined, so that by the successive, advancing reciprocations and successive-impacts of the hammering devices, the latter will rapidly, progressively and simultaneously expand. and smoothly hammer out the lining within and throughout the entire length of the tube, so that the contiguous surfaces of the latter and said lining will be pressed into intimate contact with each other and all cavities, depressions and interstices on the inner surface of the outer tube will be completely filled by the lining member.

F or the purpose of illustrating my invention, i have shown herein certain forms thereof which are at present preferred by and the lining therefor. Fig. 2 represents a central, longitudinal, sectional elevation of" the tool represented in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 represents an end elevation of the hammer head' of the' tool of 'Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. represents'in perspective, one of the vibratory hammer heads the tool removed there Similar numerals. of'reference indicate corresponding parts in the figures.

In carrying out the broad steps of my invention, it will be apparent that various forms of mechanism may be employed, as stated, and I do not desire to be limited to any particular type of apparatus or pneumatic percussive tool for this purpose. I

i have, however, devised a pneumatic percussie implement having hammering members and their adjuncts of a novel construc tion, wherein thesteps of my novel process can be satisfactorily and eiliciently carriedout, the detailed description and manner of operation hf which 1s as follows Referring to the first three figures of the drawingm-l designates the casing', cylinder, body or barrel pr" a pneumatic percus sion tool, preferably formed with a series of outer longitudinal grooves 2, which on tend radially inward in its preferably cylindrical wall. 3 is an enlarged threaded bore, which forms the inner chamber of the'casing.

'lhroughout a portion and preferably about midway of its length, the casing is enlarged to" form a circumferential internal chamber l, which terminates forwardly at a shoulder 8, beyond which and at about its outer end, the bore of the cylinder is con-; tracted to form the outer chamber 6, which conforms to the external diameter of the piston or plunger 7, the internal end of which plunger is formed with a circumferential outwardly extending piston '5 adapted in the outward reciprocation of the plunger to encounter the shoulder 8 of the casing chamber 4: and limit the forward stroke of the plunger.

contains three chambers of different diameters, the inner chamber 3, which 13 merely a convenient enlargement of the bore, the

middle chamber 4; and the outer chamber 6,

Within the two latter of which the plunger is containedand reciprocates, and, subject to the limit imposed by the shoulder or piston 5 and stop 8, has its outward movement.

Within the inner chamber 3 of the casing is a threaded head 9, the front face of which is preferably formed with a cup or recess 10 facing toward the hollow interior 11 of the plunger, and which forms a stop to limit the inward movement of the said plunger.

iaeaoee pipe and is clamped against the inner end 7 of the casing by a nut 14: upon the threaded inlet pipe. The head 6 is formed with an. external. peripheral groove or channel 15, which by means of radial channels 17, dommunicates with the hollow bore 16 of the inlet pipe 12.

18 designates a longitudinally extending port formed in the casing, leading from the circumferential channel 15" of the head 9 forwardly to the circumferential inlet 19 of the casing, and opening into the middle chamber 4i within the casing and between it and the plunger, into the hollow interior 11 of which it communicates by ports 20, so that compressed fluid entering the inlet'pipe will pass into the hollow interior of the plun 'er to cause its propulsion forward from the head 9 to-the limit of movement which the shoulder 5 and stop 8 permit.

Within the walls of the longitudinal grooves 2 in the outer periphery of the casdug in the-construction represented in Figs.

a compact spheroidal external surf-ace wilL.

be readily understood from Figs. 1 and 3, and their dimensions and general contour may be varied or modified so long as their assemblage retains a substantially conical form whlch facilitates the introduction and passage of the implement into and through the, tube lining.

The hammer heads 22 are formed with I j conver 'in inner wals 24 which coact with It Wlll now be understood that the casing D b l the outer or forward tapered end 25 of the plunger, the impact of the latter on said walls imparting arapid vibratory movement'to said hammering heads. The form of the resilient shanks of a given hammer head is not essential, although I prefer'to make them of suflicient proportions to fit within the longitudinal external groove 2 of the casing. These grooves. however, may be dispensed with and in Fig. 5, I have shown another construction in which the shanks merely contact with the exterior of the casing, the longitudinal grooves being. dispensed with, said shanlzsbeing; solely dependent for their proper positioning upon and with respect to the casing upon the devices by which in l'ioth constructions 1 pro for to connect them with the tool and which are conveniently the following-26 are of? sets, or inwardly bent inner ends of the shanks, which are extended rearwardly longitudinal tonaues $271, the outer faces of which may be convex and located within a flanged cap 28 threaded upon the inlet pipe and secured by an outer nut 29, which clamps the oii set portions of said shanks against an inner nut on the inlet pipe.

31 designates the tuhe to be lined, and 32 the lining therein.

The pneumatic percussion tool illustrated and described oi the well-known Choteau val eless type, but may he of any other convenient construction in" which the hammering piston or plunger is not only, in the manipulation or movement oi the tool itself, rapidly step by step advanced, but also rapidly reciprocated.

In its operation the motive fluid flows through the inlet pipe and the ports or. channels in the tl'u'eaded head to the ports or channels which ultimately open into the plunger. so as to cause the latter to reciprocats with great rapidity, and-cause its conical outer end to strike the inner converying surfaces of the hammer heads to expand the latter with great rapidityand almost instantaneous successiveness against the lining within the tube 31, to beat or hammer it outwardly radially or at substantially a,

right angle to the axis of the tube and thereby hammer every portion of the outer periphery of the lining into all the cavities. depressions and interstices of the contiguous inner wall of the tube to be lined.

When. the ports in the plunger are uncovered at the. extremity of its outward stroke, the fluid behind and within the plunpgcr will exhaust between the hammer heads and escape through the tube and the pressure of the motive liuid against the shoulder of the piston 5 will cause the return stroke of the plunger, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

The spring shanks 21 of the, vibrating hammers 23 being of sul'ricientresiliency, will cause the hammer heads to'spring in wardly toward the axis of thetool, when the tapering outward end of the rapidly reciprocating plunger recedes frdm between their converging inner surfaces, and, as explained, the rapidly repeated impacts of the tapering end of the plunger will cause the hammer heads to vibrate with great rapidity, their external conical surface-s striking hard hammering blows against the lining.

Should the hammer heads, their shanks or their oil-set tongues, break or the shanks lose their elasticity, the rear nut 29 can be, unscrewed and the cap 28 he removed from.

-pneu1natic tools and other means oi actuathe tongues c the that any or all oil: the res-i. i i can be readily removed and replace out dismantling; or disturbing any oi. meat of the tool.

It will he apparent from the s view in Fig. ,6, that the result pacts of the han'miering blows which exerted upor the lining member 352 rad or suhstai iallya right am thereof, will be to force eve the molecules of the outer peiip lining member 32 into close and ii 'a contact with the inner wall the outer 31, indicated at 33, so that a tube by my process and apparatus will no far greater advantages than can be by any of the methods or apparatus p rior art, wherein the lining member is simply pressed outwardly against the contigjious surface of the tool.

it will further be apparent that by invention, any malleable lining can mered in position in a quick and cite of any diameter can be readily uuiclrly lined by the application thereto of ef method and apparatus, my invention he equally capable of adaptation to our tub-es, which have heretofore been great di'lliculty, By the employment of steps of my method and my novel implem herein described, and by manually or or wise ad amine: and retracting the implement during the hammering operation incident to lining a tube, every portion of the outer periphery of the lining member will be hammered into close and intimate con-- tact with the contiguous inner wall of the tube, as is evident.

It will be apparent that tie exact contour of the han'unering heads may be slightly changed without departing! from the spirit of my inention, and the precise ma or of securing the inner ends of the resilient shanks iii position may be varied, according to requiiiunents,and that other types of ing the hanunering piston may be employs and while I have shown my present .inren tion as adopted to a. yal'veless pneumatic tool, the same may be employed with equal facility in a pneumatic tool wherein one or more distribution Valves are employed.

It will further be apparent that in carrying out the broad principles of my invention, it is not necessary for. the resilient shanks 21 to be located within longitudinal grooves in the body of the implement, as the same canbe merely placed around the outer periphery of said body, it being, however, preferable in every instance that the ham mering' heads 22 when in their closed or shaped outer hammering surfaces assume as nearly as possible the cylindrical, conical or acornsubstantially as contour, shown, so as to efiectually hammer the iming member in position.

J l. preferably provide the hammering heads 22 with inwardly convergii'ig-,'walls ill, as will be understood from- 3, but the shape and configuration of said inwardly converging walls .can obviously be slightly de artedfrom, if desired.

y: invention is differentiated from devices which have been employed to expand the ends of-tubes or lines into a tube sheet,

sinccsuch devices are applicable only to the endiof the tube, whereas one salient feature of my device is the capability of the inn odily to and fro within the tube to be lined, throughout the entire length thereof, simultaneously with the vibration of the hammering heads against the lining member, whereby the intimatecontact of the lining with theout'er tube is effected.

So far as am aware, I am the first in the art to devise a pneumatic percussive tool lining implement having the characteristics aforesaid, which is capable of being advanced and retracted within the lining member so as to hammer every portion of the latter throughout its length into close and intimate contact with the inner, con

vantage enumerated as desirable in the statemerit of the invei'ition and the above de- 'scripticn, and while I have, in the present instance, shown and described preferred embodin'ients thereof which will be found in practice to give satisfactory and reliable results, it is to be understood that thesame is susceptible of modification 111 variou's'particulurs without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention or sacrificing any of its advantages.

Element to be manually or otherwise moved Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

the inner surface of the'tube by a succession I,

of impact blows thereon..- The herein described method of lining a tube, which consists in progressively expanding the lining radially outward against the inner surface of said tube by a succession of rapid impact blows thereon, radially and progressively imparted to the lining throughout its entire length, whereby an intimate union iseifected between the contiguous surfaces of "the tube and lining.

The herein described method of lining a tube, which consists in progressively expanding the lining radially outward against the inner surface of the tube by a succession of impact blows thereon, delivered simultaneously upon substantially every portion of the innercircumferential contour of said lining.

4. The herein described method of lining a tube, by expanding a tube lining within and throughout the length of the tube, which consist in progressively expanding the lining radially outward against the inner surface of the tube, by a succession of impact blows thereon delivered simultaneously in opposite directions upon substantially every portion of the inner circumferential contour of said lining throughout the length of said lining.

5. The herein described process of lining 'a .tube, which consists in. causing a plurality ofimpact blows to be simultaneously and progressively imparted in opposite directions to the inner surface of theflining throughout its, length, at substantially a right angle to its'aX-is, whereby an intimate union is effected betweent-he contiguous surfaces of the outer and inner members.

WII'JLIAM BURLINGHAM.

Witnesses:

H. LARKIN, K. C. Siiirson.

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