US11560456B2 - Single-shaft extruder and use of a single-shaft extruder, and method for altering morphology of a superabsorbent polymer, specifically an SAP polymer gel, using a single-shaft extruder - Google Patents

Single-shaft extruder and use of a single-shaft extruder, and method for altering morphology of a superabsorbent polymer, specifically an SAP polymer gel, using a single-shaft extruder Download PDF

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US11560456B2
US11560456B2 US16/470,270 US201716470270A US11560456B2 US 11560456 B2 US11560456 B2 US 11560456B2 US 201716470270 A US201716470270 A US 201716470270A US 11560456 B2 US11560456 B2 US 11560456B2
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screw
channel
screw extruder
polymer gel
sap
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US20190330426A1 (en
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Monica Haag
Stephan Deuerlein
Roland Krauss
Volker Klock
Holger Barthel
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BASF SE
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
    • C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
    • C08J3/075—Macromolecular gels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/40—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft
    • B29B7/42—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with screw or helix
    • B29B7/422—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with screw or helix with screw sections co-operating, e.g. intermeshing, with elements on the wall of the surrounding casing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/40—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft
    • B29B7/42—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with screw or helix
    • B29B7/428—Parts or accessories, e.g. casings, feeding or discharging means
    • B29B7/429—Screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/82—Heating or cooling
    • B29B7/826—Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/397—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using a single screw
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/53—Screws having a varying channel depth, e.g. varying the diameter of the longitudinal screw trunk
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/625—Screws characterised by the ratio of the threaded length of the screw to its outside diameter [L/D ratio]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/68—Barrels or cylinders
    • B29C48/681—Barrels or cylinders for single screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/68—Barrels or cylinders
    • B29C48/685—Barrels or cylinders characterised by their inner surfaces, e.g. having grooves, projections or threads
    • B29C48/687—Barrels or cylinders characterised by their inner surfaces, e.g. having grooves, projections or threads having projections with a short length in the barrel direction, e.g. pins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/04—Particle-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/345—Extrusion nozzles comprising two or more adjacently arranged ports, for simultaneously extruding multiple strands, e.g. for pelletising
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/535—Screws with thread pitch varying along the longitudinal axis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2333/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of acids; Metal or ammonium salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/24—Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
    • C08J3/245—Differential crosslinking of one polymer with one crosslinking type, e.g. surface crosslinking

Definitions

  • the specific mechanical energy (SME) introduced during extrusion can be influenced by way of example via the ratio of internal length to internal diameter of the extruder (L/D).
  • the specific mechanical energy (SME) is the power delivered by the extruder motor in kW divided by the throughput of polymer gel in t/h. It is advantageous to use short extruders. Excessive pressures during extrusion are thus avoided.
  • the polymer gel is forced through the perforations of a perforated plate.
  • the properties of water-absorbent polymer particles can be improved by additional extrusion, at relatively high temperatures, of polymer gels which have been produced in the polymerization reactor with at least two shafts rotating around parallel axes and which have a relatively high degree of crosslinking.
  • Such single-screw extruders are well known from the prior art and serve inter alia for conveying solid or high-viscosity liquid compositions by using the functional principle of a screw conveyor, and for shaping of the composition.
  • JP 2002-177807 A reveals a screw extruder for the processing of a hydrogel with a barrel, a feed aperture, a screw, a rotary cutter and a porous plate.
  • Raw material is introduced into the barrel by way of the feed aperture.
  • the raw material is conveyed along the barrel with the aid of the screw.
  • the rotary cutter is arranged at the end of the screw, between the latter and the porous plate; the raw material can thus be cut and forced out through said plate.
  • SME mechanical energy usage
  • a single-screw extruder for changing a morphology of superabsorbent polymer gel (SAP polymer gel); said extruder has an input aperture, a channel, a screw and an output aperture.
  • the input aperture is configured for the introduction of SAP polymer gel.
  • the channel has connection to the input aperture.
  • the screw is arranged in the channel and is configured for conveying, and changing the morphology of, the SAP polymer gel.
  • the output aperture has connection to the channel, preferably for changing the morphology, for the discharge of the SAP polymer gel with changed morphology.
  • the invention provides that the screw has a first pitch value of a pitch of the screw flights along the conveying zone of the channel and, following in conveying direction, has a second pitch value of the pitch of the screw flights along the conveying zone of the channel, and where the second pitch value is smaller in the invention than the first pitch value.
  • the invention includes the discovery that it is advantageous to adjust the geometry of the screw of the single-screw extruder in a manner that is appropriate for the SAP polymer gel which is to be conveyed, and the morphology of which is to be changed, and in a manner that minimizes the required specific mechanical energy usage.
  • the single-screw extruder is intended for producing a desired morphology which improves water absorption without thereby introducing a large quantity of specific mechanical energy (SME) into the SAP polymer gel.
  • SME specific mechanical energy
  • Another aspect of the invention is that it permits high throughput of SAP polymer gel.
  • the invention moreover permits production of durable SAP polymer gel.
  • the invention can improve the properties of the SAP polymer gel in respect of conveying along the channel.
  • SAP dried in the drying process can be ground in a grinding process with the aid of a mill, thus giving SAP particles with various sizes. These can then by way of example be sieved with the aid of sieves with various pore apertures; SAP particles with various sizes can thus be separated. The SAP particles of various sizes thus separated can then by way of example be remixed in accordance with desired size mixtures in order to obtain an SAP particle mixture with desired properties, for example with a particular particle size distribution (PSD). Other process steps can then also be carried out for further improvement of the properties of the SAP particle mixture, an example being surface-postcrosslinking or surface crosslinking (SXL). During SXL, other substances are applied to the surface of each SAP particle.
  • SXL surface-postcrosslinking or surface crosslinking
  • the pitch can also therefore initially increase and then in turn decrease, or can initially decrease and then in turn increase.
  • the screw can by way of example also have four different pitch values along the channel, e.g. two different pitch values along the input zone and two different pitch values along the conveying zone, i.e. a first pitch value in the input zone can be larger than a second pitch value that follows in conveying direction.
  • the screw can also have different pitch values in the output zone; in particular, a first pitch value in the output zone can also be larger than a second pitch value that follows in conveying direction.
  • the pitch of the screw flights of the screw changes at least twice along the conveying zone of the channel.
  • the pitch of the screw flights decreases continuously along the conveying zone of the channel. This permits continuous increase of the pressure acting on the SAP polymer gel along the conveying zone between input aperture and output aperture. A continuous pressure change permits more homogeneity of the SAP polymer gel production and can improve conveying performance.
  • the channel has at least two pins arranged along the channel in the conveying direction and separated from one another by a mixing-element separation.
  • a value of the mixing-element separation is preferably adjusted appropriately for a pitch value of the pitch of the screw flights.
  • the manner of adjustment of the mixing-element separation to be appropriate for the pitch is preferably such that a larger value of the mixing-element separation is provided when a smaller pitch value is provided, and a smaller value of the mixing-element separation is provided when a larger pitch value is provided.
  • a plurality of pins are arranged around the periphery of a shank in a manner that forms a channel chamber in the space between the two respectively separately arranged pins.
  • Diameters of the perforations can by way of example be between 4 mm and 12 mm.
  • the diameter of the perforations is preferably 8 mm. It is preferable that 10% of the area of the die is open, i.e. that areas of open passages or of perforations provide 10% of said area.
  • the single-screw extruder is configured to generate a maximal pressure of 50 bar.
  • the single-screw extruder can be configured to produce a throughput of 30 t per hour.
  • the single-screw extruder can moreover be configured to absorb a specific mechanical energy of up to 60 kWh per metric ton.
  • FIG. 7 preferred variants of pin arrangements in views (A 1 , A 2 ), (B 1 , B 2 ) and (C), with pins, for a mixing-element arrangement shown in FIG. 6 ;
  • the temperature of the SAP polymer gel 24 directly after the output aperture 30 is in turn lower as a consequence of cooling: between 78° C. and 110° C., preferably between 90° C. and 110° C.
  • the output aperture 30 has connection to the internal space 17 of the channel 16 , and is adjacent to the output zone 28 .
  • the output aperture 30 has a perforated plate 32 and a die 34 arranged downstream of the perforated plate 32 .
  • the output aperture 30 serves to change the morphology of the SAP polymer gel 24 and to discharge the SAP polymer gel 44 with changed morphology.
  • SAP polymer gel 24 is forced by pressure through the perforated plate 32 and through the die 34 with the aid of the conveying mechanism provided by the screw flights 14 and the wall of the channel 16 .
  • each perforation is 8 mm.
  • the diameter of the perforations can also be between 4 mm and 12 mm.
  • about 66% of the area of the die 34 is open.
  • 10% of the area of the die is open (not shown).
  • the value of the flight land width e of the screw flights 14 in this working example of the laboratory-scale version of the single-screw extruder 10 is constant at 6 mm, and for the production-scale version of the single-screw extruder 10 it is constant at 40 mm.
  • the flight land width of the screw flights 14 can also alternatively by way of example have values between 4 mm and 80 mm, and can change along the channel 16 , for example can increase.
  • FIG. 3 depicts a detail of an example of a laboratory-scale version of a single-screw extruder 10 .
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of a screw 12 with a shank 13 and screw flights 14 .
  • the screw flights 14 in this example have a constant pitch G along the conveying direction 20 .
  • the ratio d/D therefore also increases from 0.445 to 0.577.
  • the screws 12 differ in their dimensions; in particular, the large production-scale version of the screw 12 is configured for throughput up to 30 t/h (metric tons per hour), whereas the laboratory-scale version of the screw 12 is configured only for throughput up to 340 kg/h (kilograms per hour).
  • the ratio d/D therefore also increases from 0.445 to 0.577 for the laboratory-scale version of the screw 12 and from 0.52 to 0.58 for the production-scale version of the screw 12 .
  • the ratio d/D of shank diameter d to external screw flight diameter D therefore increases along the channel 16 in this working example.
  • FIG. 5 shows a detail of a single-screw extruder 10 with a second working example of a screw 12 in accordance with the concept of the invention. Again, this can be dimensioned for a laboratory-scale version of the screw 12 and for a production-scale version of the screw 12 .
  • the screw 12 has a shank 13 and screw flights 14 . In this working example, the screw flights 14 have decreasing pitch G.
  • the morphology of the SAP polymer gel is changed; in particular, the porosity of the surface of the particles of the SAP polymer gel is increased.
  • the SAP polymer gel is forced through the perforated plate 32 and the die 34 , depicted diagrammatically, and the morphology is further changed in a manner that produces an SAP polymer gel 44 with changed morphology.
  • the SAP polymer gel 44 with changed morphology is then introduced into a drying process 46 .
  • Other processes for the treatment of the SAP polymer gel 44 can then follow after the drying process 46 , for example grinding and/or sieving (not shown).
  • the channel chambers that follow in conveying direction 20 are formed in the conveying zone 18 between the respective pin rings of a further pin arrangement 48 , which can be seen but is not described in any great detail, consisting of further pins 48 . 1 , 48 . 2 which can be seen but are not described in any great detail; said chambers have the values K 2 , K 3 and K 4 .
  • the channel chamber at the output zone 28 of the channel 16 is formed between the final pin arrangement 48 in conveying direction 20 and the perforated plate 32 .
  • the pins 48 . 1 , 48 . 2 of a pin arrangement 48 and the cutouts 50 serve for mixing and shear of the SAP polymer gel 24 . Improved mixing and increased shear is apparent in particular in the case of a production-scale version of the single-screw extruder 10 , i.e. a version with relatively large dimensions.
  • the mixing-element arrangement 49 has less effect in the case of a laboratory-scale version with smaller dimensions.
  • the lowest value of a shank diameter d 1 along the channel 16 is about 32% of the highest value of the shank diameter d 2 or d 3 along the channel 16 .
  • the lowest value of the shank diameter d along the channel 16 can also be at most between 20% and 80% of a highest value of a shank diameter along the channel 16 .
  • the value of the external screw flight diameter D is constant along the channel 16 and is 650 mm. The ratio d/D of shank diameter d to external screw flight diameter D therefore changes from 0.52 to 0.58 along the conveying zone 18 of the channel 16 .
  • the lowest pitch value along the channel can also be at most between 20% and 80% of the highest pitch value along the channel.
  • this situation can be continued through the shank segments W 4 and W 5 (not shown) or (as here) accentuated in shank segments W 4 and W 5 by further increase of the shank diameter d (to d 2 and then d 3 ) and further reduction of the pitch G (to G 4 and then G 5 ).
  • the values of the mixing-element separation K 2 , K 3 , K 4 and K 5 in this working example have been adjusted to be appropriate for the pitch values G 2 , G 3 , G 4 and G 5 of the pitch G of the screw flights 14 . While the values of the pin separations decrease from K 2 to K 5 , the pitch values also decrease from G 2 to G 5 .
  • the direction of change of the mixing-element separation K is therefore the same as that of the change of the pitch G. This leads to comparatively large introduction of pressure and shear forces as a consequence of the pressure increase and transport volume decrease, and to improved mixing and increased shear in conveying direction 20 toward the output zone 28 of the single-screw extruder 10 .
  • Table 3 below collates the parameters of the example of a laboratory-scale version of a screw 12 by analogy with FIG. 3 , and the parameters of the working examples of a laboratory-scale version of the screw 12 by analogy with FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 , and also the parameters of the working example of a production-scale version of the screw by analogy with FIG. 6 .
  • the pin arrangements 48 .A 1 and 48 .A 2 differ in the orientation of the diametral axis, the pins 481 , 482 respectively being at a 12 o'clock position and 6 o'clock position (view A 1 ) or the pins 481 , 482 respectively being at a 3 o'clock position and 9 o'clock position (view A 2 ).
  • the pin arrangements 48 .B 1 and 48 .B 2 in each case have four pins 481 , 482 and 483 , 484 arranged in opposite pairs on a first and second diametral axis A 1 , A 2 .
  • the pin arrangements 48 .B 1 and 48 .B 2 differ in the orientation of the diametral axis A 1 , A 2 , the pins 481 , 482 , 483 , 484 respectively being at a 12 o'clock position and 6 o'clock position, and also 3 o'clock position and 9 o'clock position (view B 1 ) or the pins 481 , 482 , 483 , 484 respectively being at a 2 o'clock position and 8 o'clock position, and also 5 o'clock position and 11 o'clock position (view B 2 ).
  • the pin arrangement 48 .C has eight pins 481 , 482 and 483 , 484 , and also 485 , 486 and 487 , 488 , arranged in opposite pairs; in practical terms, this is a superimposition of the pin arrangements 48 .B 1 and 48 .B 2 .
  • This pin arrangement 48 .C can also be combined with the pin arrangements 48 .B 1 and 48 .B 2 and/or pin arrangements 48 .A 1 and 48 .A 2 for a mixing-element arrangement 49 along the conveying direction of the single-screw extruder 10 .
  • the drying temperature and drying time depend on the charge level.
  • This working example uses a drying temperature of 175° C. for 70 minutes with a charge level of 0.91 g/cm 2 .
  • the metal drying sheets in this working example comprise a sieve tray with 250 ⁇ m mesh apertures, so that the liquid can also escape through the sieve tray.
  • the sieve tray in this working example is composed of wires, the diameter of each wire being 130 ⁇ m.
  • the dried SAP is ground by a mill in the grinding process in step 400 , thus producing SAP particles with various sizes.
  • the ground SAP is sieved or classified in a manner that separates SAP particles with various sizes from one another.
  • Table 5 below states measured values for various parameters for the SAP particle mixtures produced by the process of the working example of FIG. 9 without step 700 . These parameters listed here in table 5 include swelling rate (FSR) and centrifuge retention capacity (CRC) and gel strength, assessed here at 0.3 psi as absorbency against pressure (AAP) of the polymer gel, and most importantly the specific mechanical energy (SME) introduced during extrusion.
  • FSR swelling rate
  • CRC centrifuge retention capacity
  • AAP absorbency against pressure
  • SME specific mechanical energy
  • a surface-crosslinking substance is applied to the surface of the SAP particles.
  • the surface-crosslinking substance in this working example was produced in accordance with the formulation shown in table 6 below:
  • the SAP particles wetted with surface-crosslinking substance are heated at a temperature of 185° C. in a manner that brings about surface crosslinking on the respective SAP particles.
  • the surface crosslinking allows the SAP particles to maintain their shape in the swollen state, i.e. when the SAP particles have absorbed liquid and take the form of polymer gel.
  • the surface crosslinking can increase retention capability for absorbed liquid under pressure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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US11560456B2 (en) * 2016-12-21 2023-01-24 Basf Se Single-shaft extruder and use of a single-shaft extruder, and method for altering morphology of a superabsorbent polymer, specifically an SAP polymer gel, using a single-shaft extruder
CN111633947B (zh) * 2019-03-01 2023-11-10 住友橡胶工业株式会社 橡胶挤出机以及橡胶挤出方法
CN110901016B (zh) * 2019-11-04 2021-09-03 大维塑料技术(南京)有限公司 一种挤塑机的螺杆
US20250041828A1 (en) 2021-09-27 2025-02-06 Basf Se Process for producing superabsorbent particles
CN115055114B (zh) * 2022-07-25 2024-01-16 安徽环态生物能源科技开发有限公司 一种用于颗粒成型机的断粒装置
CN115635667A (zh) * 2022-11-03 2023-01-24 天水铁路电缆有限责任公司 一种用于生产电线电缆外护的挤出机螺杆

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US20190330426A1 (en) 2019-10-31
WO2018114702A1 (de) 2018-06-28
KR102735281B1 (ko) 2024-11-28
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JP7136780B2 (ja) 2022-09-13
CN110312606A (zh) 2019-10-08
JP2020506979A (ja) 2020-03-05
KR20230049135A (ko) 2023-04-12
EP3558628A1 (de) 2019-10-30
CN110312606B (zh) 2022-07-22
KR20190099249A (ko) 2019-08-26

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