US1152624A - Pneumatic tool. - Google Patents

Description

G. H. GILVIAN.

PNEUMATIC TOOL. APPLICATION .FILED IAN. 2. 190B.

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G. H'. Gun/IAN. PNEUMATIC TOOL.

APPLICATION FILED IAN-2,1908.- L.,

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II I! 68 III IIl III IIIIIIII I I f IIL we w mzmm' @Www-m, @M @GMM Patented Sept. 7, 1915.

y G. H. GILIVIAN.

PNEUMATlc TooL,

APPLICATION FILED JAN.2. 1908. 1,159,62@ Patentedsept. 7,1915.

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PNEuM/mc roof.

I APPLICATION F|LED H\N.2, 1908. 1,152,624., l l PatentedSept. 7, 1915.

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GEORGE H. GILMAN, CLAREMONT NEW HAMPSHIRE, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN- MENTS, T SULLIVAN MACHINERY COMPANY, 0F.' BOSTON, SSACH'USETTS, A COB- FQRATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.

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Patented Sept.. '3, 1915.

Application led January 2, 1908. Serial No. 408,877.

To all whom it may concern.' l

Be it known that l, GEORGE H. GILMAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Claremont, in the county of Sullivan, State of New Ham shire, have invented anA Improvement in neumatic Tools, of which the V'following description, .in connection with which may be made of my invention,

' and valve block on the line the accompanying drawings, isa specification, like letters on the drawings representingv like parts. l My invention relates to pneumatic or other pressure -lluid actuated tools, being more particularly intended to provide a tool having two Vor more tool-actuating units together with suitable means for controlling or regulating the operation of said units.

While my invention in its broader aspects may be embodied in constructions other than the one herein shown, in the illustrated embodiment thereof the same is disclosed as applied to a duplex tool of thedpneumatic piston-hammer type.

I have also shown the same as more particularly intended for -employment in con.- nection with the surfacing vor dressing of stone, but this is merely one ap licatiorii an the latter is in no broad sense restricted to this particular use.

My reference to the following description when taken in connection with the accompanying illustration of one specific .embodiment thereof, while its-scope will be more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

1n the drawings: Figure 1 is a central, sectional elevation taken through the working cylinders and controlling valve of a duplex hammer-tool'embodylng one orm of my invention; Fig. 2 is a similar section taken in a plane at right-angles to the view shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a detailv showing the regulating valve ina posltion diiierent from that in Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is another 'detail showing the regulating valve in a third position; Fig. 5 is a plan in section taken on the line 5-'5 in Fig. 1; Fig. 6\is a section in plan taken through the working cylinders on the line 6-6 in Figs. 1 and 2; Fig. 7 is a sectional elevation taken through the valve 7-7 in Figs. 1 and 5; Fig. 8 is a. detail showing the regulating valve witha portlon of the valve stem attached; Fig. 9 is a section on the line 9-'9 invention will be best understood by' in Fig. 8; Fig. 10 is a section on.v the line l0-1() in Fig. 8; Fig. 11 is a section -on the llne 11-11 in Fig. 8; Fig. v12 is a generalv diagrammatic view showing a developmentl of the pressure passages relatively to thev 4controlling and regulating valves; Fig. 13

shows the controlling valve in a reverse position from that shown in Fig. 12; Fig. 14- shows the regulating valve in adiil'erent position from that shown in Fig. '12 and corresponding to the position shown Lin Fig. 41;'l Fig. 15 shows the regulating valve'in a third position and lcorresponding to the position shown in Fig.- 3; Fig. 16 is a partial side elevation of ythe duplex tool shown in Fig. 1 showing the regulating valve handle; Fig. 17 is a sectional elevation taken through the swivel support for the hammer tool; and F1g..18 shows the disposition of the tool relatively to the support when employed upon a stone surfacing machine..

Referring to the drawings and 'to the illustrated embodiment of my invention, I- have` shown the same as applied to a pneumatic"A tool of the piston-hammer type provided with a pair of working cylinders with their coperating andv contained hammer-pistons arranged side by side. Any desired arrangement or construction'of the cylinders and pistons may be employed, but in the drawings (Fig. 1) the cylinder chambers 1 and 2 are shown as formed within a single cylinder casting 3, the'l tter being provided with the upper head 4 e osng the upper or l lhead-end of the cylinder and the lower head 5 secured to thelower .end thereof. The pistons 6 and 7, which may be of any desired construction, are shown as provided with reduced striking or hammer ends which, as they reciprocate, are adapted to strike the ends of independent and separate tools 8 and 9, looselyheld within the bushsuch tool is td be employed as a hand tool,

it is desirable toreduce the shock to be sustained by the tool structure, which shock would ordinarily be increased with the number of tool-actuating units, were the latter toA reciprocate instep and strike their tools simultaneously.

By the present invention l have arranged the hammer-pistons to reciprocate nonsynchronously or out of step so as to reduce versa, so that the resultant operation of the duplex4 tool is accompanied by even less v1- bration andy shock than the'operation of the single tool.

While separatevalves may be employed for the two tool units, or any other suitable arrangement of controlling device provided, as the' simplest and most effective way of controlling the movements of the pistonhammers, I preferably provide valve means common to the two working cylinders, the operation of such valve means providing for a movement of one hammerpiston in one direction as the other, simultaneously executes a movement in the opposite direction. Any suitable construction of valve may be used, but as shown there is employed a diEerential pressure-actuated valve located within the valve block 12, the latter formed in the upper part of the cylinder head 4, and, in turn, surmounted by the endpiece 13, the latter containing the pressure fluid admission passage 14 and the inaoV terconnecting exhaust passages 15 (Figs. 1 and 2).

Thewaflve v16 maybe of any suitable form but""herein the same is of the piston type having alternating spaced or circumferential grooves or shoulders, the said grooves being adapted, according to the position of the valve, to connect as desired the various pressure passages of the tool. ,The valve l16 works within the suitably apertued valve bushing 17, the end of which is closed by the threaded valve cap 18, the latter having the plug or stem 19 entering'the hollow. or tubular interior of the valve and acting as a guide and support upon which the valve is adapted reciprocatively to slide. The valve has a reduced closed end`-working within a constant pressure chamber 20, the latter connected by the passage 21 (Figs. 1 and 5) with the admission passage 14, so that the valve is constantly pressed toward the cap 18, but may be intermittently moved in the opposite direction and to the position shown in Fig. 1 by. the intermittent admission of the pressure-fluid'to the larger pressure receiving area at the opposite end of the valve between the same and the cap 18, which admission takes place under the control of one or the other of the two hammer-pistons through one or the other of the intermittent pressure-ports 22 and 23 (Figs. 2' and 5).

yIn one position of the valve pressure is admitted to the, head e'nd of one cylinder and the tool or forward end of the other cylinder, while, at' the vsame time, the head end of the second cylinder and the tool end of the first cylinder are simultaneously opened to the exhaust. On reverse movement of the valve, which movement is efected by the Vconnection of one of theintermittent pressure ports 22 or 23 with a live or constant pressure passage, reverse connections between the admission and exhaus't and the respective ends of the cylinders are effected which simultaneously reverse the movements of the two pistons.

For the admission of pressure to and its` exhaust from the head end of the cylinders, the cylinder 1 is provided with the passage 24 leading to the head end of the cylinder and controlled by the controlling valve 16, and the cylinder 2 is provided with a like passage 25. The passage 24 leads into an annular groove 26 (see Figs. 1 and 7) in the valve bushing 17, and the passage 25 to a similar annular groove 27, and the valve is also provided with coperating circumferential grooves 28 and 29 through which the said passages are adapted alternately to be placed in communication with the pressure admission passage 14 as the valve is alternately moved from one position to the other. Next adjacent the grooves 26 and 27 respectivelyy the valve bushing 17 is also provided with grooves 30 and 31, which, as shown in Fig, 1, connect directly and constantly with the exhaust passage 15, so that, with the valve in the pos1tion shown in Fig. 1, when pressure is being admitted to the head end of the cylinder 1, it is being simul` -from the opposite or tool-end of the cylinders 1 and 2 is controlled through the toolend pressure passages 32 and 33 respectively which, as represented in Figs. 2, 5 and 6, extend longitudinally in the walls of the cylinder casting between the piston chambers and enter their respective cylinders through the ports 34 and 35 at the lower ends thereof. The tool- end pressure passages 32 and 33 extend upward through the cylinder head and valve block (see Figs. 2, 5 and 7) where they have direct connection with the annular grooves 27 and 26 respectively by one or more'horizontal passages 36 and 37 (see Figs. 5 and 7), so that, when the-passage 24 is opened to the admission passage 14 by the valve 16, the tool-end pressure passage 33 for the tool-end of the other cylinder is simultaneously opened to the admission, and, when the passage 24 is opened to the exhaust, pressure fluid is simultaneously exhausted from the tool-end scribed,

arrasar of the opposite cylinder. lin other words, the pressure controlling passage for the toolend of each cylinder is so associated with1 ment of the two hammer pistons Vin opposed step.

ln the operation of a tool of this typev it may frequently become desirable,for reasons which in one specific c'ase are hereinafter more fully referred to, to throw out of operation one of the two hammer-tools while continuing to operate the remaining one. 'llo provide such a control for the disclosed device l have shownthe same equipped with suitable regulatingmeans, hereinin the form of a regulating valve 38, which is interposed btween the controlling valve 16 and the two cylinders to control the several passages deand thereby control the relative operation of the two tools. The details of this regulating valve will be more. fully de scribed, but its relation to the valve-reversvat ing passages must now be referred to. `Any desired meansmay be employed for -con necting the intermittent pressure passages with a source of live pressure so as periodically to reverse the controlling valve, but in the present instance I have provided constant pressure passages 39 and 40 for the cylinders 1 and 2 respectively, which is each similar in arrangement tothe constant pressure passage ordinarily employed in single piston tools of this type. That is to say, the constant pressure assage 39 opens into the cylinder 1 throng a port 41 (Figs. 2 and 6), and the passage 40 into thecylinder 2 through a port 42, the ports 41 and 42 being locatedl respectively at or about the same position lenghtwise the cylinders as the two ports 43 and 44 which open from the intermittent pressure passages 22 and 23 into the cylinders land 2 respectively. The

pistons 6 and 7 4being provided with the respective necked-down or reduced portions 45 and 46 the intermittent pressure port 43 would ordinarily'be opened to live pressurev through the constant pressure passage 41 when the piston 6 approaches the limit of its downward movement in the cylinder 1, and, -on the other hand, the intermittent pressure port. 44 would be placed in'communication with the constant pressure port 43 when the other piston 7 approaches the limit of its downward movement.

When the cutting units are operated together as described the constant pressure and intermittent vpressure passagesof one cylinder are preferably closed by means of the regulating valve 38 as will more fully appear, and the reversal of the controlling valve 16 is effected by pressure received operatlon of' the instrument, thereby insuring -the'movey spectively,

through the constant sure passages of the other cylinder,-heren the passages 23V and 40 of the cylinder 2, although the passages of the otherv cylinder might be employed.- equally well if desired. In order to exhaust the pressure from the larger differential area of the valve to reverse .the latter, any suitable means may be employed, but-herein', las is usual in tools of this class, the intermittent pressure passages, in addition to the ports 43 and 44,' lare also provided respectively with ports 47 and 48 .(Fig. 2) opening into their respective cylinders Vat a point or level below or in advance of the ports 43 land 44, and also herein-with additional ports 49 and 50 respectively still farther advanced.

Considering the simultaneous operation of the tools under the conditions referred to,

, that is to say, with the passages 23 and 40 open and the passages 22 and 39 closed, pressure would be `admitted through the intermittent pressure port 44 to the larger differential area of the valve near the end of the forward movement of the piston 7 (as represented in Fig. 1), thereby reversing the valve and reversin the movement of the piston in each tool. n rearward movement of the piston 7 the port 48 in the intermittent pressure passage 23 is soonuncovered and the forward end ofthe cylinder 2, at that time being open to the exhaust (as will be exand intermittent presi plained) the pressure will be exhausted from the differential area of the valve and the latter reversed to reverse the movements of the two pistons. The additional ports 1,49 and 50 opening from the intermittent. pressure passages, of which ports there may be a still greater number, provide means for varying the length of the hammer stroke by varying the instant when, during the backward stroke of the piston, the intermittent pressure assag'e is openf to the exhaust. 1n place of t is arrangement of auxiliary ports any suitable means may be utilized for this purpose, and, in conjunction vwith the described ports, any means for controlling the same may be used. In the present instance have shown short slide rods 51 and 52 arranged within an extension of the intermittent pressure passages 22 and 23 rewith their upper ends adapted to act in the capacity of valves to. open or close the intermittent pressure ports' and thereby render the ports 49 and 50 effective or ineffective at will. When the hammers are worked together, if' the slide rod 52 is lowered to uncover the port 50 the stroke of the tools is shortened, since the valve is reversed early in the stroke. To adjust the slide rods,

. the latter are encircled bylspring clips 53 cylinder 2.

' '5 may be exhausted in any suitable way, but

herein, as is customary in'this type of tool, theffor'ward cylinder ends are open to the exhaust throughl the uncovering by their respective pistons of an appropriately located exhaust'port or ports. The cylinder l is provided with a pair of exhaust ports 57,

andthe cylinder 2wit`h ports 58, the former connected to exhaust passages 59 and thelatter to exhaust passages 60, which passages extend lengthwise the cylinder casting 3 and the valve block but outside of the control of the regulating valve 38 and the controlling valves 16. At their upper ends these exhaust passages connect through grooves 61 and 62 (see Fig. 1) in the top of the valve block with the exhaust passages 15.

Since the arrangement of the various pressure passages relatively to the valve chamber and the cylinders for obvious constructionalv reasons are not completely shown in any one,of the constructional views (Figs. 1-11 inclusive), a there is shown in Figs. 12-15 a diagrammatic arrangement of these passages in the form of a development thereof', without attempting to portray accurately the mechanical construction which, however, is faithfully shown in the preceding figures referred to.

The operation of the described tool in the` light `of the description already given will be clear from a consideration of Figs. 12-15. When it is desired to operate the tools simultaneously the regulating valve 38 is positioned as depicted in Fig. l12 closing the intermittent pressure passage 22 and the constant pressure passage 39 leading to the cylinder 1, while leavingopen the head end pressure passages 24 and 25 and the tool-end passages 32 and'33 for well as the intermittent pressure passage 23 and the constant pressure passage 40 for the AUnder the conditions represented in Fig. 12 the piston 7 is at the forl. ward endof its strokehaving`delivered its blow to the tool 9. The reduced piston portion 46 has already opened the intermittent pressure port 44 to the constant pressure port 42 and the resultant access of pressure to the larger differential area of the valve through the passage 23 has reversed the p; sition of the valve. This has caused the opening of the head end ofthe cylinder 2 to the exhaust passage 15 through the passage 25, the opening of the forward end of the cylinder 2 through 'the port 35 and the passage 33 to the admission passage 14, and, in the cylinder 1, the opening of the head end passage 24 to the admission and the tool-end passage 32 through its port 34 to the exhaust,

6o' the direction of transference of pressure y the intermittent the two cylinders, as

Huid being represented by arrow heads appearingin the said figure. On the subsequent and resulting upward stroke of the v plston 7, which is accompanied by a simultaneousdownward stroke of the piston 6, the exhaust port 58 is soon uncovered and followed directly afterward by the opening of pressure port 48, thereby exhausting pressure from the larger differential area of the valve, causing the constant pressure at the opposite end of the valve to reverse the same, as represented in Fig. 13, when pressure is admitted to the head end of the cylinder 2 and to the tool end of the cylinder 1, as depicted in Fig. 13, acting to drive the piston down and the piston 6. up. It will be seen that this arrangement enforces the non-synchronous and out-of-step operation ofthe two tool units, causing each to counteract to some extentrthe shock or impact of the other with reference to its effect upon the contained casing, although, of course, without in any way affecting or decreasing the effectiveness of the hammer blow of each tool. If it is desired to throw both cutting units out of operation, the regulating valve 38 may be turned to the position represented in Fig. 14 where the intermittent pressure passage 23 and the constant pressure passage 40 of the cylinder 2 are closed, as is also the pressure passage 25 and the tool end pressure passage 33 for the cylinder 2. In this position of the regulating valve, the controlling valve 16 will move to the position shown in Fig. 12 and there remain, for the hammer 6 after concluding its forward stroke will then admit pressure iuid through the intermittent pressure passage 22 to the large area of the controlling valve maintaining the latter in the position assumed (Fig. 12) and stopping further movement of both pistons until the regulating valve is again turned'back. On the other hand, if it is desired to operate-the hammer piston 7 alone the regulating valve 38 may then be Aturned to provide for the conditions represented in Fig. 15, where the several pressure passages 22, 39, 24 and 32 leading to the cylinder are closed, while the corresponding passages leading to the cylinder 2 are held open, thereby throwing out of operation the piston 6 within the cylinder 1, while causing the Vsole operation of the piston 7 within the cylinder 2 as a single tool. Under such conditions the valve 16 is moved `to the positioxr shown in Fig. 12 by admisin Fig.l9, the shape of -'llhe regulating valve 438 may be of any suitable construction and located in any selected position on the toolfbut herein I have constructed the same as represented in Figs. 8-11 and arranged the same transversely the tool beneath the valve 16 as represented. in Fig. 2. The valve as shown is provided with two piston or barrel portions 63 and 64 connected by an intermediate flat portion 65. The latter lies adjacent the passages 24 and 25 in the valve block, as best shown in Figs. 1-4, so that in one position the said passages are bothleft free and open (Fig. 1), in another the passage 24 maintained closed and passage 25 open (Fig. 3) and in the third position the passage 25 closed and the passage 24 open. The barrel portion 63 is provided with apertures 66, 67; and 68 which, with the valve in'position., alinewith the passages 23, 32 and 39 respectively. The barrel portion 64 likewise is provided with apertures 69, 70 and 71, which with the valve in position, are adapted to aline with the passages22, 33 and 40 respectively. ,The shape of the apertures 66 and 71 is shown the .aperture 70 in Fig. 10, and the shape of the apertures 67, 68 and 69 in Fig. 11. This valve Jormed as disclosed provides for the desired regulation of the pressure passages, which has been described with reference to Figs. 12, 14 and 15. rl`he end of the barrel portion of the valve 64 is provided with a projection 72 (Figs.

2 and 8), which' is embraced by the. forked end of the valve stem 73, the latter passing through anl aperture in the threaded cap 74 (Figs. 2 and 16), and provided with the external regulating lever 75. The lever is provided with a thumb or linger piece 76 carrying a sliding spring-pressed pin adapted to engage with any one of three notches formed inthe exterior face of the valve'block (Fig. 16), whereby it may be moved to a central position represented in' Figs. 2 and 12, or to a position against the stop -7 8 to throw out of operation both cylinders (Fig. 14), or againstthe .oppositely disposed `,stop 79 to throw out of operation the cylinder 1 (Fig. 15), the spring-pressed pin acting to Vretain it in its assigned position.

scribed and particularly in conjunction .with

the control which provides Afor the joint or intensa 7 be controlled To better understand theV utility oil-the' Thisapplication of the tool is illussole operation of these tools at will, it mayoftentimes be desirable to turn the tool freely and at will, thereby to .direct the ac tion of either individual tool accurately and eiiectively with reference to the work. For example, in its application to a stone surfacing machine,lwhere the tool is sup orted.-

trol the action of the then operative units.

In order that the tool-actuating device described may be readily 4turned within its holder to suitably adjust or aline the cutting tools, I have provided the instrument'with a `swivel support in its holder, which latter herein is represented (Fig. 17 by the adjustable tool carriage 80 of a stone working machine. For this swivel sup ort I have provided the end piece 13 with a tubular extension 81 which is supported for rotatable movement within the sleeve 82 formed upon the carriage and`preferably upon the ball bearings 83, whereby the instrument may be turned at will during its operation.

-The upper end of the tubular member 81 has suitable connection through the nipple 84 with the source. of fluid pressure `rsupply (the .latter not shown) and interposed between the latter and the nipple is provided a suitable" form of throttle valve 85 (Fig. 18) by which the admission of pressure may and the operation of both toolactuating units stopped at any desired time. The end piece 13 is provided with lugs 86 through which pass the bolts87, the latter at their opposite ends also passing through' the lower end piece 5 and acting to clamp between the latter andthe end piece 13 the venient means for locking in the threaded valve cap 18 )the head of the latter (Figs. 1 and 5) is cut with a plurality of transverse grooves 88 within one of which the adjacent bolt 87 is adapted to lie when the parts are assembled. rllhis obviously prevents the turning of the valve cap until thebolts are taken out and the parts separated, when the valvecap may be again turned.

In order to provide means for turning the instrument about its swiveled support the former is provided with a handle 89 (Fig. 5) which (Fig. 1) encircles and is bolted at either side of the lower end of the cylinder casting to a plate 90, the latter fitting into a recess-formed in the casting.

ln the particular application of the instrument toa stone surfacing machine as v cylinder casting and valve block. As a con-l any suitable means. Inits operation, there-- z closed duplex hammer tool in detail with' represented in Figs. 17 and 18, the toolholding carriage 80 is .provided with suitable rollers 91 adapted to travel along the radial supporting arm 92, the latter comprising'a pair of suitably joined track-forming members, the handle 93 being provided on the carriage to adjust the tool-holding carriage along the arm. The arm 92 receives support from ,a central carrier or holder 94, the latter being slidably mounted upon the upright supporting standard 95 as lby the barrel piece 96 shown, so that the carrier may be adjusted vertically to any desired height. The vertical adjustment 'of the carrier may be effected in any suitable way as by the rope or cable 97 whichpasses upward over the overhead sheaves 98, thence downward to a position where it is accessible to the operator. The carrier 96 has swivel attachment to the column so that the operator by moving the carriage may swing the latter with its arm through the arc of a circle, and, in addition to the radial adjustment of the tool carriage itself'along the arm, thev latter may beadj'usted longitudinally with- ,in the carrier and upon the rollers 99 and clampedor held in its adjusted position kby fore, the tool uponits carriage may be moved v to any position over the surface of the underlying block of stone and the instrument turned radially upon its axis, wh11e,at the same time, the regulating valve, as de-y scribed, may be utilized to so govern the action of the instrument as to actuate the tool-actuating units either jointly or solely.

I'have described the action of the disreference to its use upon a stone surfacing machine in order that the mode of operation may be more fully understood and the coordination between the various elements of control more easily comprehended. My in- -vention as herein described and hereinafter more broadly claimed is limited to no particular application or use.

It will be obvious that a duplex or other multiplex -tool may be employed, wherein the reciprocal 'or non-synchronous movement of the tool-actuating devices may bef secured while employing more than a single valve-controlling means, and that with such a construction regulating means either simi- 'lar to those described or other regulating Apriate cylinder,

to the particular form herein disclosed or to the details of construction which, for the sake of explicitness are herein fully described and illustrated, but that extensive modications and deviations from the illustrated construction may be made without departing from the true spirit of the invention.

Claims:

l. A pneumatic impact tool or hammer having a pair of piston-hammer members adapted to reciprocate each within its approsuitably held tools adapted each to receive the impact of one of said hammer members, a single controlling valve for said hammer members having differential pressure areas, means for maintaining the smaller dierential area of the valve constantly exposed to pressure fluid to press the valve constantly toward one position, suitable admission and exhaust passages, pressure-fluid passages controlled by the valve and leading to opposite ends of each cylinder, the valve. in one position being adapted to connect the head end of one cylinder and the tool end of the other to lthe admission, and the tool end of the frstvcylinder and the head end of the other cylinder to the exhaust, and in its reverse position to eifect reverse connections, said cylinders being each provided with a constant pressure passage and an intermittent pressure passage having ports opening into the cylinder at `or about the same point and adapted to be placed in communication with each other on forward piston movement, thereby to admit pressure to the larger differential area of the valve, an exhaust port for the forward endl of each cylinder adapted to be uncovered on rearward piston movement, a second port connecting each cylinder with its intermittent pressure passage and adapted to be uncovered by the rearward piston movement, thereby to exhaust the pressure-Huid from the larger differenti al area of the valve and to reverse the lattermand a regulating valve adapted to control the' pressure passages of the two cylinders, said valve in one position being adapted to close the intermittent pressure passage and constant pressure passage of one cylinder, while leaving open .the intermittent pressure passage and constant pressure passage of the othercylinder and also leaving open the pressure passages leading to the opposite ends of both cylinders, in another position additionally to close the pressure-Huid passages leading to the opposite ends of the first-mentioned cyl- Ainders and in still another position to open the intermittent pressure passage, constant pressure passa e and cylinder pressure passages for said rst-mentionedcylinder while closing the corresponding passages for said other cylinder.

`2. A pneumatic impacttool or hammer imacat having a pair of piston-hammer -members adapted to reciprocate eachwithin its appropriate cylinder, a separate actuated. tool foreach hammer member, a single 'control, ling lvalve for, said hammer members having differential pressure areas, means for maintaining pressure fluid upon the smaller d'iferential area of the valve to press the latter constantly toward one -posit1on, Huidy supply passages controlledby said valve to supply pressure fluid for moving the hammer members in opposite directions '1n one position of the valve. and reversely in 1ts reverse position, an intermittent pressure passage leading to each cylinder and communicating with the larger diil'erentlal area of the valve, means for placing said passages incommuncation withva supply of pressure fluid on forward piston movement, and means at will for closing the intermittent pressure passage for one cylinder, thereby causing the joint operation of the hammer members in opposed step and the control of the valve through one hammer member or for cutting off the operative supply of pressure iuid to one cylinder at will, thereby to actuate a single hammer member only.

3. A pneumatic impact tool or hammer having a pair of piston-hammer members adapted to reciprocate each within its ap-^ propriate cylinder, separate actuated tools adapted to receive each the impact of one of said hammer members, a' single controlling valve for admitting pressure fluid to cause said hammer members to move in 0pposed step, pressure luid means for controlling the reversal of said valve through piston movement, and pressure fluid regulating means for withholding operative pressure lHuid from one cylinder while continuing to supply the other thereby to throw out of operation one of said piston-hammers at will while continuing the operation of the other.

4;. A pneumatic impact tool or hammerhaving a pair of piston-hammer members adapted to reciprocatey each within its appropriate cylinder,asingle controlling valve therefor, a pressure fluid passage Jfor each cylinder adapted to be controlled by its respective piston for the passage of pressure fluid to reverse the valve,'pressure fluid regulating means to close one of said pressure passages at will, and,at the same time, cut o the operative supply of pressure fluid to the corresponding cylinder, or to close one of said passages while maintaining the operative supply ofpressure fluid to each cylinder, thereby to eect the sole operation of one of said hammer members or joint opy eration of said hammermembers atwill.

5. A pneumatic impact tool or hammer having a pair of piston-hammers adapted to reciprocate each within its appropriate cylmder, a single pressure-actuated controlling valve to cause said piston-hammers normally to reciprocate in opposed step, and valve means for withholding eiec'tive power from one of said hammers while contmuing to supply the other thereby to throw out of operation one of said hammer ,members at will, while continui-ng the operation of the remaining one.

6. A pneumatic impact tool or hammer having a pair of piston-hammer members adapted to reciprocate each within its appropriate cylinder, a single valve for controlling said members and causing their re- ,ciprocation in opposed step, andvalve means for withholding effective power from one of saidmemberswhile continuing to supplythe other thereby to throw out of operation one of said hammer members at will while continuing the operation .of the remaining one.

7. A pneumatic impact tool or hammer having a pair of piston-hammer members adapted to reciprocate each within its appropriate cylinder, a single controlling valve, and valve means for withholding et'- fective power from one oi said members while continuing to supply the other thereby to 'throw out of operation one of said hammer members at will, while continuing the operation of the remaining'one.

8. pressure-fluid tool-actuating device having a plurality of 4tool-actuating units adapted to reciprocate non-synchronously, a singlecontrolling valve for controlling the reciprocation of said units, and means for withholding effective power from one of said units while continuingto supply the other thereby to throw one of said units out of operation at will.

9. A `pressure-fluid tool-actuating device having a plurality of tool-actuating units, a single pressure-iiuid-controlled valve for controlling the recip'rocationa of said toolactuating' units, and valve means for directing the pressure Huid to one or the other of said units thereby to operate said units jointly or for throwing one out of operation at will, while continuing the operation'of the remaining one.

10. A pneumatic 'impact too'lor hammer having a plurality of hammer members,

means for applying power for operating.

' sides of each piston hammer member alternately with the live pressure fluid supply and the exhaust passages to cause reciprocal movement of said hammer members.

13. A pneumatic impact tool or'hammer having a plurality 'of piston hammer members and provided with a live pressure fluid supply source and exhaust passages and a single automatically-acting manually-com' trollable means for connecting opposite sides of each of said piston hammer members alternately with the -live pressure fluid supply and the exhaust passages for causing an out of step reciprocation of said hammer members.

14. A pneumatic impact tool or hammer having a plurality of hammer members, an actuated tool for each hammer member, means for applying power to both of said members thereby to provide for the operation of said hammer members -jointly, and means to withhold effective power from one while continuing to supply the other for the sole operation ofv one of said hammer members at will.

15. A pneumatic impact tool or hammer having a pair of piston-hammer members, separate actuated tools adapted to receive each the impact of one of said hammer' members, means for supplying. power to both of said members to cause their joint operation and means to withhold effective power from one while continuing to supply the other for throwing out of operation one of said hammer members at will.

16. A duplex pneumatic impact tool or hammer having a pair of cylinders and a pair of piston-hammer members, a differential pressure-actuated valve for controlling the same, an intermittent pressure passage opening into each cylinder and adapted to be placed in communication with pressure fluid on the forward movement of the piston to admit pressure thereto and thereby reverse the valve, an exhaust port adapted to be uncovered on rearward movement ofthe piston, a plurality of ports opening into said intermittent pressure passage and adapted to be placed one or another in communication with the said exhaust port on the rearward movement of the piston, and manually operable valve means for rendering one of said intermittent pressure ports eective or ineffective at will. l i

17. A pneumatic hammer having a valve chamber, a threaded plug closing the end'of said valve chamber, and a tie-rod for said hammer, said plug having a suitably recessed head adapted'whenvthe parts are assembled to be engaged by said rod and thereby locked in threaded engagement with the hammer.

18. A pneumatic hammer vhaving a valve chamber, a threaded plug closing the end thereof, an exteriorly grooved head for said plug, and a member upon said hammer adapted when the vparts are assembled to engage a groove in said head, thereby to lock said plug in position.

19. The combination with a pair of cylinders of reciprocatory tool actuating members, one in each cylinder, separate actuated tools adapted to be actuatedy each by one of said members, a single controlling valve for admitting pressure luid to move said members in opposed step, pressure fluid means for controlling the'reversal of said valve through piston movement and manually operable fluid regulating means for throwing out of operation one of said members at will while continuing the operation of the other.

20. The combination with a pair of piston members adapted to reciprocate each within its appropriate cylinder, a single valve for controlling said members and causing their reciprocation in opposed step and manually operable valve means for throwing out of operation one of said members at will while continuing the operation of the remaining one.

21. The combination with a'plurality of tool actuating units adapted to reciprocate non-synchronously, of a single controlling valve for controlling the reciprocation of said units and manually operable valve means for throwing one of said units out of operation at will.

22. The combination with a plurality of tool actuating units of a single pressure fluid controlled valve for controlling their reciprocation and manually operable valve means for operating said units jointly or for throwing one out of operation at will while continuing the operation of the remaining one.

23. The combination with a plurality of reciprocatory tool actuating Imembers of a single controlling valve for the same and means for withholding operative fluidfrom one while continuing to supply the other thereby to operate said members either together or one alone.

In testimony whereof, I have vsigned my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.-

GEORGE H. GILMAN. Witnesses:

J A. BRUCE, E. J. BRUCHARD.

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