US1148286A - Internal-combustion engine. - Google Patents

Description

C. F. BUSCHKE.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 1913.

Patented July 2?, 19115..

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

Imwemw'bw C. F. BUSCHKE.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED NOV-1, 191a.

2 SHEETS SHEET 2.

7 2 y m o a 6 t H G t aw P IINITEU @TATFN CHARLES F. BUSCHKE, 0F MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF T0 LEON F. SNYDER, OF HOME, WISCONSIN.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 2?, I915.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES F. BUSCHKE, a citizen of the United States,.residing at Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State of \Visconsin, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal- Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification. reference being had to the accompanying drawing, forming a part thereof.

The main objects of this invention are to prevent deposit of carbon on the working faces of the valves, and leakage and diminution of compression incident thereto; and generally to improve the construction and operation of engines of this class.

It consists in the construction, arrangement and combination of parts as hereinafter particularly described and pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawing like characters designate the same parts in the several figures.

Figure 1 is an axial section of a .vertical cylinder four-cycle engine embodying the invention, showing the piston valve in the position it occupies on the suction stroke of the piston; Fig. 2 is a similar sectional view of a portion of the engine showing the piston valve in the position it occupies on the firing and compression strokes of the piston; Fig. 3 is a like view showing the valve in the position it occupies on the exhaust stroke of the piston; Fig. 4 is an enlarged perspective view of one of the grid packing rings with which the piston valve is provided; and Fig. 5 is an axial section of the piston valve.

For the purposeof illustration the invention is shown and will be specifically described as embodied in a vertical cylinder four-cycle engine, specially designed for using crude or heavy oil which is injected directly into the engine cylinder on the suction strokes of the piston, air' being ad-.

mitted to the cylinder throu h a separate port,.controlled by another va ve independently of the oil supply, but certain features of the invention are applicable to internal combustion enginesof other types.

- Referring to the drawing and particularly Fig. 1, a designates the engine cylinder of the usual or any suitable water-j acketed construction, b the piston and c the crank with The cylinder is formed or provided on one side with a cylindrical valve case c, mounted with the cylinder as shown in the present instance, on a crank case f, which constitutes the base of the engine, and with which both the cylinder and the valve case are in open communication at their lower ends. The valve case is preferably wateracketed with the cylinder, as shown.

The valve case is connected with the upper end of the cylinder by a port g, and is provided on the opposite side with an exhaust port it below the port 9. The upper end of the valve case is closed by a head which is provided with an inlet port 5.

A reciprocative piston valve 7' is fitted in the case 6 and controls the ports 9 and h. This valve may be actuated by any suitable connection with the crank shaft of the en:

gine. In the present case a cam is is shown for this purpose. The cam is rotated in the direction indicated by the arrow at the rate of one revolution to every two revolutions of the crank shaft, and engages with a roller Z carried by the lower end of the valve stem m and held by a spring 0 in contact with the cam, the stem being held in axial alinement with the valve by a guide or guides 17 in the crank case. p The cam shaft may be connected, as indicated by dotted lines on Fig. 1, with the crank shaft, by sprocket wheels and a link belt 9, or by any other suitable gearing.

The engine may be supplied with and operated by carbureted' air admitted thereto through the port 2', especially when gasolene or light volatile fluid fuel is used, but for using heavier grades of oil, or less volatile fluid fuel, the engine is provided with a special fuel supply valve and spraying de vice, as hereinafter. described, the requisite supply of air for producing an explosive mixture being admitted through the port 71.

i The piston valve j is formed, as shown in Fig. 5, with a port r passing obliquely through it and arranged in a certain position of the valve, as shown in Fig. 3, to connect the cylinder port 9 with the exhaust port it.

To prevent the deposit of carbon on the working faces of the valve and valve case,

' the valve is provided with a number of on ing frames completely surrounding port openings 11, corresponding in shape and size with the cross sectional area of the ports 9, h and r. The valve is preferably provided with three of these rings, the upper two of which are each formed with two port openings Q) on opposite sides thereof, while the lower ring has one port opening on the outer side,adapted to register with the cylinder and exhaust ports 9 and hof the valve case in different positions of the valve, as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3. The middle ring 8 is' arranged so that the port opening 1; on the inner side thereof coincides with the inner end of the port 7-, and the lower ring 8 is arranged so that the port opening won the outer side coincides with the outer end of the port 1'.

Outside of the ports 1: the annular members t of each ring are severed obliquely between adjacent connecting members to, to render them expansive or elastic, and to permit of their belng sprung into place inthe grooves in the face of the valve. Being normally of slightly larger diameter than the bore of the valve case, the rings 3 are contracted when they are inserted therein with the valve, and tending to expand, form and maintain tight joints between the face of the valve and the opposing face of the valve case around the ends of the port 1* which they surround, and around the ports 9 and h, with which the ports 12 in the rings register in difi'erent positions of the valve. The valve is also preferably provided, as shown, adjacent to its upper end, with a single or ordinary packing ring w.

For the heavier, less volatile grades of fuel, the cylinder head is provided with a spray nozzle :12, which may be threaded therein, as shown, and is preferably formed in its outer end with two conical seats of different angles for a valve 3 and in its inner end with small passages z, diverging from a point below the lower seat and opening into the cylinder. The valve g, which has two conical faces fitting said seats, normally closes the outer end of the passage in the spray nozzle,'being seated by a spring 2, surrounding the stem of the valve and bearing at its lower end against a collar 3 on the valve stem and at its upper end against an adjusting screw 4:, which is threaded in a yoke or bracket 5, mounted on the cylinder head. The valve stem passes through and is guided in the screw 4, a stufling box 6 in the cover of a cylindrical case or chest 7, and a gland or sleeve 8 fitted in said chest.

The chest 7 is formed with or mounted on the cylinder head, and the gland or sleeve 8 is formed in its periphery with a groove or channel 9, and in its lower end with av cavity 10, which is connected with the channel 9 by a number of small passages or openings 11. The groove or channel 9, surrounding the gland or sleeve 8, and inclosed by the case or chest 7, forms an annular chamber which is supplied with oil through a pipe 19..

Fluid tight oints are formed between the ends of the gland or sleeve 8 and the ends of the chamber in which it is fitted, by gaskets of suitable packing material. The cavity 10 in the lower end of said gland or sleeve forms with the outer end of the spray nozzle 42, a valve chamber to which oil is supplied through the passages or openings 11 from the annular chamber 9.

The valve y may be operated by any suitable connection with the cam shaft or other moving part of the engine. For this purpose a cam actuated lever 13 is shown in Fig. 1. .The lever 13, formed with an opening through which the valve stem passes, is fulcrumed at one end on a bracket or arm 14, attached to the cylinder head and engages with the collar 3. At its other end the lever 13 is pivoted to a suitably guided reciprocating rod 15, which is provided at its lower end with a roller working with a cam 16 on the shaft of the cam 70, as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 1. The lever 13 is fulcrumed on an eccentric pin 17 by means of which the lift or opening of the valve 1 may be adjusted as desired.

In the operation of the engine, as the roller Z traverses the low part of the cam 76 between the points 18 and 19, the piston valve 7' moves downward to the limit of its movement in that direction, uncovering the cylinder port 9 and establishing communication between it and the inlet port as shown in Fig. 1. In this position of the valve the outer port a in the upper grid ring .9, registers with the exhaust port h of the valve case, the annular members I? and adjacent connecting members it of said ring completely surround said port and prevent leakage between it and the upper end of the valve case. The single ring in, which in this position of the valve is between the ports 7 and it, further insures against leakage between said ports around the intervening portion of the valve. This arrangement of the packing rings is specially advantageous in a multiple cylinder engine in which the several exhaust ports k are connected by a manifold, because in this posi- -tion of the valve the exhaust from another cylinder is prevented not only from leaking into the upper end of the valve case which is in open communication with the cylinder through the port 9., but also from depositing carbon on the faces of the valve and valve case outside of the port 1; in register with the port it.

As the roller Z traverses that part of the cam 71; between the position in which it is shown in Fig. 1 and the point 19, the valve j is raised to the intermediate position in which it is shown in Fig. 2, covering and sealing both the ports 9 and h and cutting oif communication between the port 9 and the inlet port 71. In this position of the valve the inner port o of the upper ring 8 registers with the cylinder port 9, and the outer port 'v of the middle ring 8 registers with the exhaust port h. As the roller Z- traverses that part of the cam is between the points 19 and 20, the valve is held quiescent in the position in which it is shown in Fig. 2- during the compression and firing strokes of the engine.

As the roller Z traverses the high part of the cam between the points 20 and 18, the valve 3' is shifted from the position in which it is shown in Fig. 2 to its extreme upper position, as shown in Fig. 3, bringing the ends of the through port r in the valve. into register with the cylinder port 9 and the exhaust port it. In this position of the valve the inner port 4) of the middle ring 8 registers with the cylinder port g, and the outer port 0 of the lower ring 8 registers with the port h, and said rings thus tightly close and seal the space between the faces of the valve and valve case around said ports, and efiectively prevent the deposit of carbon on said faces, the spent gases passing from the cylinder duringthe exhaust stroke of the piston from the port 9 directly through the port 1'' to the port h. Thus only the walls of the valve port 1 and the comparatively small portions of the face of the valve corresponding with the port openings 1; in the middle and upper rings, are exposed to the exhaust of'the engine, and the valve which is lubricated by the splash of oil from the crank case or otherwise, is kept in working order without frequent grinding. "When a heavy grade of oil is used, it is supplied through the pipe 12 by a pump or by gravity under sufficient pressure or head to keep the chamber 9 full. On the suction stroke of the piston when the valve 3' is in its lower position, establishing communication between the ports 9 and i, the valve y is lifted from its seat by the cam 16, and a charge of oil is sprayed through the divergent passages 2 into the upper end of the cylinder in the path of the inrushing air admitted through the port g. In passing from the chamber9 through the small passages or openings 11 into the chamber 10, the oil is divided into small streams, and in passing between the upper conical face of the valve and its seat it is reduced to a thin film and is thus more readily converted into spray and vaporized in the nozzle which becomes heated by the operation of the engine. Issuing in a finely divided spray from the passages .2? into the cylinder, the oil vapor meets and is thoroughly mingled with the air entering through the port g. When lighter and more volatile grades of fuel, such as gasolene, are used, the special oil supply valve 3 and spray nozzle .r may be dispensed with, the air supplied to the engine through the port i being carbureted in the usual or any suitable manner before it enters the valve case e and is admitted therefrom under the control of the valve j into the cylinder. In either case, the operation and advantages of the valve 9' as hereinbefore described, are the same.

Various changes in the details of construction and arrangement of parts may be made without departing from the principle of the invention as defined in the following claims.

I claim:

1. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a valve case having inlet, exhaust and cylinder ports, a reciprocative piston valve fitted in said case and having a through exhaust port adapted in a certain position of the valve to register with and connectthe cylinder and exhaust ports of the case, and grid rings fitted in grooves in the valve and formed integrally with jointless packing frames which completely surround the ends of the exhaust port there through.

2. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a valve case having lateral cylinder and exhaust ports out of alinement with each other within the limits traversed by the valve and an inlet port beyond the traverse of the valve, a reciprocative piston valve fitted in said case and having a through exhaust port arranged to register with and connect the cylinder and exhaust ports, and grid rings fitted in grooves in the valve and formed with jointless packing frames completely surrounding the ends of the exhaust port therethrough and adapted to surround the cylinder and exhaust ports of the case when the valve is closed on the compression and firing strokes of the engine piston.

3. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a valve case provided with a port, and a reciprocative piston valve fitted in said. case and provided with an expansive grid ring formed integrally with a jointless packing frame arranged to completely surround and seal said port in a certain position of the valve.

4:. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a reciprocative piston valve having a through port opening through its working face and spaced circumferential IIU piston valve composed of two annular members and integral connecting members forming a ]o1ntless packing frame completely surrounding a port opening in one slde of the ring, the annular members being severed between adjacent connecting members outside of the port opening.

6. In an internal combustion engine the combination ofa valve case having lateral cylinder and exhaust ports out of alinement with each other transversely to the axis of the limits'traversed by the valve and Within the valve and an inlet port at one end beyond the traverse of the valve, and a reciprocative piston valve fitting in said case and provided with a through exhaust port having openings at the ends out of transverse alinement with each other and adapted to register with and connect the cylinder and exhaust ports in one extreme position of the valve, said valve being adapted in its other extreme position to establish communication between said inlet and cylinder ports and in an intermediate position to close both the cylinder and exhaust ports.

In witness whereof I hereto afiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CHARLES F. BUSCHKE.

Witnesses:

CHAS. L. Goss, KATE TOBIN.

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