US1146997A - Ledger-sheet and method for its production. - Google Patents

Description

r H. BROWN.

LEDGER SHEET AND METHOD FOR ITS PRODUCTION. I

APPLICATION FILED AueII. 1913 1,146,997. I PatentedJu1y20, 1915.

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H. BROWN.

LEDGER SHEET AND METHOD FOR ITS PRODUCTION. APPLICATION FILED AUG.I.19!3.

16,997. Patented July 20, 1915.

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- To all whom it may concern HOWARD BROWN, OF

Be it-known that I, HOWARD BROWN. a citizen of the United Springfield, in the county of Hampden and State of Massachusetts, and useful Improvements in Ledger-Sheets and Methods for Their Production, of which the following is a specification.

zoibe but having the I bent, compacted under certain special,

It is the object of the present invention to provide paper sheets, suitable for use in loose leaf lodgers and having near the hinged portion ofthe sheet, an area specially treated to make the sheet more pliant and to permit ready bending when in the ledger without crinkling or 'puckering at the bend.

In general the a sheet of paper suitable for use in ledgers, area at which the leaf is to condition, to bring the fibers close together, but without substantial displacement or fracture, thereby" not only reducing the thickness of the; t at the treated area, but also changing physical structure and increasing its den pliant than the body a way and under sue the leaf is flexed, as lt must be in opening the ledger in which it is placed, the leaf will readily bend at the treated area, some- What as if it were there hinged andwithlengthwise of the sheet and in such may .be obtained, can be applied to ledger papers of standard quality and preferably is applied as a part of the manufacturing operation .andbefore the paper reaches a,

finished condition on the paper making machine.

In-a general Way, the application to the I of paper while in the paper making machine and while under definite and rather exacting physical conditions of a severe compression of the sheet along those areas, which are to serve as the hinges of the ledger pages. The paper sheet under treatment, must be neither the process comprises and the degree of compression and its duration, must be nicely adjusted to the conditions at hand and the subsequent treatment of the sheet must be such asto check the return of the compacted fibers to their initial and loose relation to one another. The apparatus whereby this result may be efi'ected, may vary-in detail, but the advantageously .States, residing at a paper making have invented new d product may be said to be tary compression under hereinafter claimed.

d making it more onditions, that when over the roll moving paper or web .too wet nor too dry SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS. LEDGETt-SHEE'I AND METHOD FOR ITS PRODUCTION.

be carried out by mounting between the first and second drier drums of machine, such as a Foura pair of rolls between sheet is passed at a rapid rolls bearing hard and inrinier machine, which the paper rate, one of these elastic disks which bear with heavy pressure on the sheet of paper, squeezing it against theopposed,roll and compacting and densifying' the structure where it is com- 'pressed. The web thus being treated, passes almost instantly to the second drier drum and the heat treatment at this drum and at the succeeding drums, so fixes or bakes the web structure, that the nently the effect of its the rotating disks. In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of the roller -mechanism through which a Web of paper may be passed continuously to carry Fig. 2 is an end eleshowing their position adJacent to the first and second drier drums of a paper making machine. perspective view of a ledger sheet treated according tothe present process.

hes apparatus shown in Fig. l comp a pair' jo ;-standards 1 and 2 slotted at upper 'eiids to receive the'bearing blocks of the lower roll 3. This roll is of hard inelastic material, preferably metal and is driven in suitable manner, as through a clutch4 anipinion 5 from a gear 6,Which may be one big-the gears of the paper making machine. The speed of rotation of roll 3 is such that the sheet of paper/7 passes at a speedcorresponding to the surface speed of the", drier drums, with which this devicejis associated.

The relative l {at are indicated inF considered as theiir ries receiving the web 0 from the press rolls of th In W hine and delivering it over roll 3 for treatment, after which thepaper passes directly 'tothe next drier drum 9 so that the heating and drying action of that drum may serve quickly to fix vation of the rolls,

rises here drum 8 may be er drum of the sein the paper, the compressing effect set up at'the rolls. The drying drums may be of usual construction with a felt 10 holding the paper webin close contact with the steam heated cylinders of the drier during its rapid movement through this stage of the V Patented July 20, 1915. Application filed August- 1, 1913. Serial N 0. 782,512.

process can sheet retains perma severe and momenout the process ions of the drier drums down -by stud 1t).

v by means of machine; The paper may then pass to other drying drums in usual manner and finally through calender rolls. as in ordinary practice. The calenderiug operation, does not disturb the beneficial effect of compacting the fibers locally and leaves these compacted areas substantially unatfected.-,

blounted above blocks 11. and 12 slidingly slotted standards 1 and l, 13. which may be relatively small in diameter and on which a plurality of disks 1-1 are mounted. These disks are hard and inelastie and may be of brass or of iron or the like, with suitable collars 15 and clamping bolts 16. They preferably are adjustable along the shaft 13 to vary the distance between the treated areas on the paper web. The total length of shaft l i'niay' 'ary, may be long enough for use on an eighty inch papermachine, the disks 14 being sulfieient in' number and so spaced as to yield paper cutting to advantage commercially. With shaft 13 as long'as this. there is a tendency for the shaft to bow up in the middle or to whip under the heavy pressures which must be applied. and to counter-act this tendeucy and to equalize the pressure throughout the entire width of the sheet. use is made of a weighting roll 17 surmounting the disks 1% and resting directly thereon. with its trunnions housed in bearing blocks 18. slid ingly mounted in standards 1 and 2 and held which passes freely through the cross bar 20, surn'iounting each standard. but is provided with a hand wheel positioned in the 21 threaded on the stud in such a way that,

by turning the wheel, the stud may be raised through the cross members 20 to lift bearing block 18, thereby to lift the weight roll 17away from the disks 1 L. 'eighted levers 22 Fig; may be provided for each standard 'to increase the effective pressure of the weight roll 17 on the disk.

The disk carrying shaft tated at the same peripheralspeed as roll 3 a suitable gear 23 and also is capable of longitudinal shifting through the action of a hand wheel 2+ mounted to turn a shaft 25. whereon is carried a yokeQG, the arms of which fit in an annular groove 27 cut in the end of shaft 13. It sometimes happens in practice. that the paper strip 17 shifts slowly in tudinally thereof and in order that the compressed areas may be properly located on the sheet. it is desirable to shift the disks. as abo e recited. to the same degree.

In carrying out the process here disclosed, it is desirable that the material under treat.- meut be brought to proper tiou before the pressure is applied. as otherwise either the impression will not be retained or there will be destructive crushing and fracture of the fibers. Theinitial pro.-

roll 3 with. its bearing 's a roll or shaft v but - for prolonged periods stantly to the second drier on around succeeding drums.

reaches the calenders and are not or roll 13 is ro-.

' condensed portion h ition on roll 3 longi- I physical condiduction of the paper web may be in accordance'with standard practice, as for instance on a Fourdrinier machine and when that continuous strip comes from the press rolls to the first drum of the drier. it is damp and somewhat plastic and the fibers which make up its structure are matted together as a porous mass, substantially uniform in thickness and homogeneous in structure. At the first drier drum, the heat of the drun'r and the development of water vapor or steam in the web. as the result of that heat, acts to temper the mass of fibe'and while removing some of'the excess moisture. leaves the structure in pliant condition, best suited for the severe compression. which it must undergo at the next stage of its treatment; In this porous-and looselyinatted'condition, with the fibers tempered and plastic. the sheet passes through over roll 3 and under the disks 14 and there for a brief instant is subjected to extreme pressure along predetermined lines. the areas thus compressed having their fibers compacted. but without breaking or destruction and with substantially no displacement of the fibers other than that incident to thiscompacting. The pressure thus momentarily applied. is extreme, higher than could be applied safely and after this momentary compression, the paper goes almost indrum and then the action of these drums serving to fix or bake in the effect produced by the disks, stiffening up the fiber structure and rendering the sheet firm and hard for deliveryto the calender rolls. It thus results that areas which have undergone extreme con'ipression and quick baking, are still in the paper when it: disturbed in the calender rolls, but remain characteristic features of the sheet. Ultimately the long web of paper with its longitudinally extending treated areas may be cut up into ledger sheets of the general character shown in FigTB with the treated areas eX- tending across to constitute the hinge or bending portion of the sheet. This hinge or I paper more flexibility and the book made up of these sheets when open, will lie fiat and in convenient position for use. i r

'I claim V 1. Ledger paper for use in loose leaf books having areas in the form of straight lines or hands therein at which the fiber structure is more dense and at which the sheet has been rendered more flexible by extreme and momentary compression of the fiber structure while in a damp and'plastic condition.

of the sheet gives the 2. The method of producing paper suit- 7 able for use in loose leaf ledgers and having therein areas of greater flexlbihty than the main body of thesheet, which consists in compressing the fiber making machine to the structure of the sheet after it has been completely formed [and when but partially dry, these compressions ,being along predetermined straight lines and their effect being fixed rapid drying of the paper web after the compression has taken place.

3. The method'of producing paper having therein areas of greater flexibility than the main body of the sheet which consists in treating the paper while passing through the paper making machine and while in the damp and plastic condition which is to be found between the first and second drier drums, the treatment consisting in subjecting the sheet along predetermined areas to extreme and momentary compression, Whereby the fiber structure is compacted locally and thereafter quickly subjecting the sheet with its compressed areas to a drying operation whereby the effect of the compression is fixed in the fiber structure to produce areas of high density and of greater fiexibility than in the main bodyof the sheet.

4. The method of treating paper to render it better adapted for use in loose leaf books, which consists invsubjecting the paper as it comes from the first drier drum of the paper compressing action of rigid disks contacting directly with the moving paper web and squeezing it tightly against an opposed roll and then quickly in the paper sheet by use in loose leaf books with he process of making ledger paper,

tary compression along limited areas of the web to thereby densify the fiber structure at these areas and thereafter drying the sheet to fix in the paper the effect of this compression and to yield a firm product suitable for r the compressed areas positioned to give flexibility to the pages of the book.

6. Ledger paper adapted to be used for loose leaf ledger sheets, having a band or stripe therein, wherein the paper is compacted so as to make it more flexible but not substantially weaker along said band or stripe.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name to this specification in the presence of two Witnesses.

HOWARD BROWN.

Witnesses:

S. C. MORLEY, D. A. MACDONALD.

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