US1142931A - Adding and subtracting machine. - Google Patents

Description

E. S. CHURCH.

ADDING AND SUBTRACTING MACHINE.

3 SHEETSSHEET I. 7 Z- 6 4 E. S. CHURCH.

ADDING AND SUBTRACTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT.20, 1909. 1, 142,931 Patented June15, 1915.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

THE NORRIS PETERS C0,, PHOTO-LITHO., WASHINGTON, D1 (2 E. S. CHURCH.

, ADDING AND susmmme MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT-20, 1909. 1,142,931 Patented June 15, 1915.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

2% lmcooco m M UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDMUND S. CHURCH, OF DAYTON, OfiIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE NATIONAL CASH REGISTER COMPANY, OF DAYTON, OI-IIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO, (IN GORPORA'IED IN 1906.)

ADDING AND SUBTRACTING MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented J 11116 15', 1915.

Application filed. September 20, 1909. Serial No. 518,665.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDMUND S. CHURcH, a citizen of the United States, residing at Dayton, in the county of Montgomery and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Adding and Subtracting Machines, of which I declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to accounting machines and aims to provide an improved totalizing mechanism capable of adding or subtracting as desired. To this end means are provided for operating totalizing elements in either an additive or a subtractive sense with transfer mechanism having its direction of effective movement determined by the sense of movement of the totalizer elements.

Prior totalizer transfer mechanisms have in general been designed to operate under one of two well known principles. In many machines an actuating device, such as a rack, is caused or permitted to move an extra step, while in others a separate transfer element is employed operating after the main actuating devices have ceased movement. In the first class it is very difficult to furnish a subtracting function, while in the second it is nearly impossible to subtract if more than one denomination of the totalizer is to be actuated at once.

A main object of this invention, therefore, may be said to be the provision of adding and subtracting mechanism having transfer devices operable either to add or subtract whether or not more than one denominational element is to be operated at once. In the present case each denominational element of the totalizer comprises two parts connected so as to permit one unit of extent of relative movement between the parts, such relative movement providing for both add: ing and subtracting and being positively controlled by the transfer mechanism proper.

The totalizer of the invention comprises a plurality of pinions which are loosely journaled on a common shaft with companion drums which are rotatable with the pinions. Nhen the pinions are d-ifierentially rotated their companion drums will likewise be difwhether the denominational element which receives the transfer is rotating or not. The pinions and drums may be rotated in either direction and the drums may be rotated relative to their respective pinions whether the pinions are being rotated forwardly or backwardly.

From the foregoing statement it may be understood that it is among the objects of this invention to provide a carrying mechanism for accounting machines which strictly cooperates with the differential mechanism of the machine in regard to direction of movement and time of action.

lVith these and incidental objects in View the invention consists in certain novel features of construction and combinations of parts the essential elements of which are sgt forth in appended claims and a preferred form of embodiment of which is hereinafter described with reference to the drawings which accompany and form part of the specification. I

Of said drawings: Figure l is a front view partly in section of a totalizer and carrying mechanism constructed according to this invention. Fig. 2 is a transverse vertical section taken on the line 22 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section taken on the line 33 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a perspective View of one of the transfer pawls. Fig. 5 is a perspective view partly broken away of a sleeve of a number drum of the totalizer. Fig. 6 is a perspective view partly disassembled of the totalizer. Fig. 7 is a left side elevation of the totalizer and its driving and controlling mechanism. Fig. 8

is a detail of a cam which operates the mechanism for meshing and unmeshing-the totalizer with the differential mechanism.

For convenience of illustration the present invention is shown in connection with a novel form of key. controlled differential will be readily understoodthat the totalizer of the present invention may be operated by many other types of differential devices whether key controlled or not, and the claims herein are intended to define the totalizer and not the actuating devices except in combination.

Referring to the drawings, (Fig. 7), 1 indicates the crank handle by means of which power is applied to the driving mechanism of the totalizer. The crank handle-is carried by an arm Qextending from a cam 3, which is secured to a main drive shaft 4. The drive shaft is given one rotation at each operation and the cam 3 is provided with a race or groove 5 for the purpose ofcausing the reciprocation of a pitman 6, upon each rotation of the shaft 4:. The'pitman 6 is provided with a roll 7 extending into the race of the cam and connects the cam 3 with an arm 8 fast on a shaft 9. A pair of arms 10 are rigidly secured to the shaft 9 and carry a rod 11 which extends through notches 12 of links 13. Because of the lever connection between the pitman 6 and the links 18. these links are reciprocated an invariable extent upon rotations of the drive shaft 4. The links 13 constitute part of a differential mechanism of an accounting machine for operating the totalizer. F 7 is a diagrammatic representation of an accounting machine and illustrates the means for actuating the totalizer. One bank of keys only is shown but it will be understood that there are a plurality of such banks in the machine. There is a link 13 for each bank of keys and the links are pivotally carried by arms 1 1 and 15 which are respectively pivoted on pins 16 and 17 to the frames of the machine. There are nine levers 18, of equal length, pivoted by pins 19 to each link 13 and each of these levers at its upper or forward end is provided with a rounded nose 20 which is normally positioned to besurrounded by studs 21 on value keys 22 when they are depressed. If a value kev is depressed the respective lever 18 for such key will become pivotally connected to the key and because of this fact will be compelled to rock around such pivot upon the reciprocation of the link 13. A slide 23 is .in one of the levers 18 but at different points alongthe length of the levers.

The slides carry racks 29 and these racks will be reciprocated upon operation of the machine to extents which correspond to the location of the keys 22, which are depressed. The arrangement is such that the levers 18 are compelled to rock through an invariable angle around their pivotal connection with the keys but as the pins 56 are differently located. along the length of the levers 18 the extent. of movement of the slides 23 and their racks depends upon which one of the levers 18 is connected with a key. The parts thus far described are found substantially insaid prior application and the mechanical arrangement of the differential mechanism is here-merely outlined so that its principle of operation may be understood.

-As-the racks 29 are differentially reciprocated according to the particular keys 22 which are depressed, the movement of these racks may be employed for either adding to or subtraction from a totalizer amounts which arerepresented by the depressed keys. In order to cause an addition or subtracting it is merely necessary to cause the totalizer pin-ions to mesh with the racks 29 either upon the-forward or return movement of the racks. The numbers are arranged on' the number drums of the totalizer so that the return movement of the racks 29 will cause a forward or additive rotation of the drums if the totalizer 'pinions are meshed with the racks at this time.

The means which are employed for causing the totalizer to be meshed with the racks 29 upon either direction of movement of the racks are controlled by a key 57 (Fig. 7 This key is provided with a pair of notches 58 and 59 for the purposeof co-acting with a spring pressed plunger 60 whereby to retain the key in either its undepressed or depressed positions. The shank 61 of the key is pivoted by a pin 62 to a small frame 63 which is itself pivoted to a pitman 64. by a pin 65 and is provided with a rod 70 which is circular to the pivot and extends through a lug-71 on the pitman. The pitman is pivotally and slidably mounted upon the drive shaft 1 as indicated in Fig. 8. Nhen the key 57 is in its outer position the frame 63 is held in such position that a spring 72, which is interposed between the lug 71 and the left arm of the frame, urges the pitman 6% to the right as shown in Fig. 7. The pitman 64E is provided with a roll 73 extending into the race 7 1 of a cam 75 which is carried by the drive shaft 4:. The race 74 is circular for the greater part of its length but at two points indicated by 76 and 77, changes its distance from shaft 4; The part 76 of the race engages the roll 73 before the racks 29 move upwardlyrwhile the circular part 78 of the race 5 (Fig. 7 engages the roll 7. Because of this arrangement, before movement is imparted to the pitman 6 the pitman 64 is drawn downwardly, and also when the circular part 79 of the race 5 is in engagement with the roll 7, at which time the racks 29 are at rest in their upper or moved positions, the part 77 of the race 74 engages the roll 73 causing the pitman 64 to be returned to its upper position. With the spring 72 holding the pitman in the position in which it is shown in Fig. 7 the pitman will engage a pin 80 on an arm 81 fast on the totalizer shaft 28. This shaft rigidly carries a totalizer supporting frame 27 and when the pitman engages the pin 80 the frame 27 will be rocked to carry the totalizer pinions into mesh with the racks 29 upon the downward movement of the pitman 64. Then when the racks move upwardly the totalizer elements will be rotated in the direction indicated by the arrow 82 which is the subtracting direction. While the racks are at rest in their upper positions the part 7 7 of the cam acts upon the pitman 64 causing the same to rise and rock the totalizer out of mesh with the racks 29 after which the racks are returned to their original or zero position.

If an operation of addition is to be made upon the totalizer, the key 57 is depressed bringing the notch 58 into co-acting rela tion with the plunger 60. The depression of the key also causes the frame 63 to rock to the left compressing the spring 83. Then upon the rotation of the shaft 4 as the pitman 64 lowers a notch 84 in the pitman and a pin 85 on an arm 86 on the shaft 28 come into co-acting relation permitting the pitman to swing rearwardly, under the action of the spring 83, into engagement with the pin 85. The further downward movement of the pitman causes the totalizer to be rocked back to the position in which it is shown in'Fig. 7 out of mesh with the racks 29. This happens before the racks 29 are moved upwardly and because of this the pinions of the totalizer are not rotated upon the upward movement of the racks but when the part 77 of the race in cam 75 engages the roller 73, at which time the racks 29 are at rest in their upper positions, the pitman 64 will be raised causing the totalizer to be meshed with the racks 29 and held into mesh with the racks during their return movement and because of this being rotated in a forward or adding direction, which is opposite to the direction indicated by the arrow 82.

If upon a completion of an operation of the machine the pitman 64 engages the roll 85 and it is desired to cause the next succeeding operation to be an operation of subtraction, the key 57 will first be drawn outwardly before the machine is operated, then the pitman as it lowers will become disengaged from the pin 85 and engaged with the pin 80 and therefore rock the totalizer into mesh before the racks 29 move up wardly.

Totalizer and carrying mechanism.The specific construction of the totalizer and its carrying mechanism is as follows: A shaft 25 (Fig. 1) upon which the totalizer pinions 26 are journaled is carried by a pair of frame arms 27 which are fixed -t0 the shaft 28. Each denominational element of the totalizer comprises a pinion 26, a numbered drum 30 and a serrated alining disk 31. The alining disk is secured rigidly to the numbered drum and the numbered drum is connected to the pinion 26 by a pin 32 which is carried by a sleeve 33 to which the pinion 26 is splined and the pin 32 extends into a groove 34 in a sleeve 35 which is rigidly secured to the numbered drum. The spline connection between the pinion 26 and sleeve 33 is shown in Fig. 1, the spline in the sleeve being indicated at 36 and the tongue of the pinion 26, which eX- tends into the spline, at 37.

In Fig. 1 the pin 32 is shown extending into a part of the groove 34 which extends transversely to the path of movement of the pin 32 upon rotation of the pinion 26. When the pin 32 and the groove 34 are in this relation thedrum 30 will be compelled to rotate with the pinion 26, but the sleeve 33 which carries the pin and rotates with the pinion 26 is'slidable on the shaft 25 and may be moved to carry the pin 32 into one of the inclined parts 38 or 39 of the groove 34. When the sleeve 33 is so moved the pinions 26 are in mesh with the racks 29 and the pinions are prevented from rotating, other than as compelled to rotate by the movement of the racks. Therefore when the pin 32 moves into one of the inwardly while if the pin 32 is moved into part 39 of the groove the drum will be rotated an extra unit backwardly. The inclined parts 38 and 39 of the groove 34 extend at such an angle to the path of movement of the pin 32 in either direction that the drum 30 is rotated by the movement of the sleeve 33 an extent which is 1 equal, to .1 one emit, division of the drum. The particular.- drnms shown in 1 the drawings; are 4 divided; into twenty spaces. 215ecause of this -fOl:x8tCh half rotation ofone ofthe drnmsthe drum of-neXthi-gherorder should be! rotated 01163111 1117- of: its. twenty units ofzanovement for the pnrposeof-recording thexghalfrotation iofvthezdrum' of lower order.

The longitudinal movement of each one of thesleevesBd-is for this reason controlled by; the drum ofnext. lower order to. the drum which is actuated-by-the sleeve. LThezsleeves 33- are; -;provided with Hannular grooves 40 and into these, grooves extend pins 41 which are carried byvthe forked arms42. These arms areopivoted Lat 4&150 frames 87 .which like frames 27aare'fixedzlto the shaft28 and serve tosupport the totalizer. illheseframes ELlSOa-flCt asspacang devices 'ser'vangwto retain the 1 diiierentl denominational elements of the ttotahzerwin their ,propertposition.

The arms .42 'carry conical pins144-wwhich extend into the: paths .of lugs :45, carried by the serrated :ali-ningxdisks '31,-which1 are sovcured .toithe drums-30. Thel'ngs 45wareaso 1 mounted as to present inclinedxsnrfaces ate the pins 44,: as indicated Fig.1;2 1 and. if one of the-lugs 45,:iengagesjritsq:respectiye pin 44 upon the forward rotation. of 5. the

drum which carries the lug; the pin- .44 will be forced-:upWardly therebyicausing the arm a 42 @to rock in the direction indicated bythe -arrow-46 ,(Fig. 4); l -he; sleeve-33 will therefore be drawn to the right causing the pin32v to engage the groove 34 of the :sleeve 35- at 38 androanse theddrum 30 V which secured to the sleeve .35 .towmta-te one unit ofats movement in aforward .di-

rection. 'The; sleeve .33 .would'be caused to move -;to the -left,-.carrying1 the pin. 3-2 into the part 39 :of the groovei35=if the drum which rocks. the arm 42 were rotating. backwardly. Thealug45 which it carries would then engage the upper, surfaceof the :pin I 44 and through such; engagement rock the arm 42 oppositely to the direction indicated by'the arrow 46.

The arms. 42, iarezyprov'ided with gspear shapedheads as indicated at 47 (Fig; 4) whichenter openings 48; in aframer49 when the totalizer is-rocked awayfrom the. actuafter the: totalizer ::l1ElS been actuated, i but before the pinionsz26have become entirely disengaged z-fromi the racks 29 as the totalizer isrocked :out :of mesh, the-serrated disks 31,-wcome intocontact. with .pawls-52. which areiloosely mounted npon-theshaft 28 and are spring pressed, downwardly toward the disk-31 by springs .53. The-downward movementof the pawls.52- islimited by lugs 5bWhiCh-J6X'i3fllld. through openings 55 in the frame 49.;and partly over the top of :the framesas indicatedin'. Figs. 2 and..3. The pawls 52 serve to lockthe totalizer drums 30 against. rotation from: the position tOnWhlClhthGYlihflVlL-B been: set by the racks 29 and the carrying mechanism. Therefore whenthetheads 47gof the arms 421enter the openings 48 the .resulting return movement ofthe -.sleeves; '33 will: not cause. movement of the drums .30, out will rotatethe pinions 26,-onewunit ofmovement to normal relation withrsthe drums, and aso'the pinions at this time xarezz ientirelyr-disconnected' from the racksi29 the settingzofthe racks will not be disturbed.

ifl he numbered drums and their companion pinions:26;and also the frames 87may be provided with ball hearing if desired, but this is notessential asithe rateof rotation of the totalizerIelements is usually-very, low.

:It is.;thought that the description thus given will be-sufiicient to set outaclearly the principle and-mode 'ofuoperation of thepinvention. The :totalizer, therefore, may be seenuto consist :of'denominational elements eachconiprising atWO parts; a pinion and a drum, and connections between each pinion and itsdrnmwherebv the drums may .be givensiunit. movements relative totheir pinions, under'control of drums of lower order, and which relative movements may be in either an additive or a subtractive sense determinedwby the :sense of movement of the drumsas controlled by their actuating devices. Theconnections :as. shown comprise sleeves and "pans riding therem which sleeves are movedbyztransfer elements proper,herein disclosed -aslevers controlled by. lower order drums.

'While' the form of mechanism herein shown and described is admirably adapted towfulfil-"the objects primarily stated, it is tozbevunderstood that it is not intended to confine the-invention to the oneform. of embodiment. herein shown and described, as it is susceptible of embodiment in' various forms all comingwithin the scope of the claims which follow.

What: is claimed is as follows 1. In a machine of the class described,1the combination -with vtotalizer elements of higher and lower orders each comprising a drivingpinion and a drum having a projectinglugand anangular slot, of means for differentially actuating said pinions, sleeves carryin-g -said pinions and having pins riding in said angular slots, and elements connectedto said sleeves and constructed ,to be engaged and operated by said projecting lugs.

2. In a machine of the class described, the combination with totalizer elements of higher and lower orders each comprising a driving pinion and a drum having a projecting lug and an angular slot, of means for differentially actuating said pinions, sleeves carrying said pinions and having pins riding in said angular slots, and levers having arms connected to said sleeves and other arms constructed to be engaged and operated by said projecting lugs.

3. In a machine of the class described, the

combination with totalizer elements of higher and lower orders each comprising two parts and connections therebetween for causing one unit relative movements between the two parts, of devices for differentially actuating a first one of the parts of each totalizer element, and means controlled by the second of the parts of each totalizer element of lower order for actuating the said connections of the totalizer elements of next higher order and thus producing said one unit relative movements in said latter totalizer elements.

4. In a machine of the class described, the combination with totalizer elements of lower and higher orders each comprising two parts and connections therebetween for causing one unit relative movements between said two parts, of devices for differentially actuating a first one of the parts of each totalizer element, and levers operated by the second of the parts of each totalizer element of lower order. said levers being joined to and serving to shift said connections of totalizer elements of next higher orders and thus producing said one unit relative movements in said latter totalizer elements.

5. In a machine of the class described, the combination with totalizer elements of higher and lower orders, each comprising a pinion and a drum and connections therebetween for causing one unit relative movements between each pinion and drum; of devices for differentially actuating each of said pinions, and means operated by each drum of lower order for actuating said connections of the elements of next higher order and thus producing said one unit relative movements in said higher order drums.

6. In a machine of the class described, the combination with totalizer elements of lower and higher orders, each comprising a pinion and a drum and connections therebetween for causing one unit relative movements between said pinions and said drums; of operating devices for differentially actuating said pinions, and levers operated by said drums of lowerorder, said levers being joined to and serving to actuate said connections between clrums of next higher order, and thereby causing said one unit relative movements in said higher order drums.

7. In a machine of the class described, the combination with totalizer elements of higher and lower orders, each comprising a pinion and a drum, and camming connectlons between each pinion and drum constructed to advance the drums by movements of one unit relative to the pinions; of levers continuously joined to the camming connections, and devices whereby each drum of lower order may operate the corresponding one of said levers to shift the camming connections for the totalizer elements of next higher order, and thereby cause said one unit relative movements of said higher order drums.

8. In a machine of the class described, the combination with totalizer elements of higher and lower orders, and means for operating said elements in either direction as desired, of transfer devices operating each element of higher order and constructed to be actuated from a normal position by elements of lower order, in directions depending on the direction of movement of said lower order elements, and means for restoring said transferdevices to normal position.

9. In a machine of the class described, the combination with totalizer elements of lower and higher orders, and means for operating said elements in either direction as desired, of oblique lugs carried by said elements, transfer levers movable in opposite directions by contact with said lugs, and connections from said levers to the several totalizer elements.

10. In a machine of the class described, the combination with totalizer elements of lower and higher orders, and means for operating said'elements in either direction as desired, of camming devices carried by said elements, transfer devices movable by said camming devices in directions depending on the direction of movement of the totalizer elements, and mechanism connecting said transfer devices to said totalizer elements.

11. In a machin e of the class described. the combination with totalizer elements of lower and higher orders, and racks for giving said elements differential movements in either direction as desired; of transfer devices for said elements of higher orders including levers, and devices carried by said totalizer elements of lower orders and positioned and constructed to engage said levers and to operate them in directions depending on the directions of movement of said lower order totalizer elements.

12. In a machine of the class described,

the combination with totalizer elements of vices forsaid elements of'higher orders ineluding levers, and camming devices carried by said totalizer elements of'lower orders, and constructed to engage and operate said levers in directions depending on the direction of movement of said lower order totalizer elements.

13. In a machine of the class described, the combination with totalizer elements each comprising a pinion and a drum and con necting devices therebetween constructed to cause one unit relative movements between said pinions and drums; of means for differentially actuating said pinions, mechanism controlled by the drumsfor'actuating said connecting-devices and'thereby causing said one unit relative movements, while said pinionsengage their actuating devices, looking devices for said drums, *and means for reversely actuating saidrconnecting devices while said locking devices lock said drums;

14. In a'machine of-the class described, the combination with totalizerelements each comprising-a pinion and a drum with connecting devices therebetween constructed to cause one unit relative -movements between said pinions and drums; ofmeans for differentially actuating said pinions, devices for engaging and disengaging said pinions from their actuatlng means, mechanism controlled by said drums for actuating said connecting'devices and therebycausing said one unit relative movements while said pinions areengaged with'their actuating devices," means for locking said drums while said pinions are disengaged'from the actuating devices and means for reversely operating said connecting devices-while the looking devices engage-said drums.

15. In a -machine of the class described, the combination with totalizer elements each comprising-a pinion and'a drum-andconnecting de'vices therebetween constructed to cause one unit relative movements of said pinions and drums; of actuatingmeans for said pinions and lockingdevices for said drums into engagement with which said pinions and drums respectively are successively thrown, mechanism controlled by said drums for actuatingsaid connecting devices while the pinions engageitheir' actuating devices, and devices for reversely actuating said connecting devices while said drums engage their locking devices.

16. In a machine of the class described, the combination with a totalizer comprising a plurality of movable elements, of actuators therefor normally out of engagement therewith, means for moving the elements of'the totalizer into and-out of engagement with the actuators, devices actua'tedby' an element of lower order for imparting-a transfer -movement to the element of next higher: order while the elements are in en- 'gagement with the actuators, and means for returning the actuated transfer devices to normal position as the totalizer elements are moved out of engagement with the actuators.

17. In a machine of the class described, the combination with a totalizer comprising a plurality of movable elements, of actu ators therefor normally out of engagement therewith, means for moving the elements of the totalizer into and out of engagement with the actuators, devices movable with the totalizer elements and actuatedby an element "of lower order for imparting a transfer movement to the element of next higher order While the elements are engagement; with the actuators, and means for returning vthe' actuated transfer A devices to normal'position as the totalizer elements are moved out a of". engagement with the actuatom:

18. In "a 'totalizer the combination with a plurality ofdifl'erentially movable elements, means for simultaneously driving-said elements' in either direction for-the purpose of addition or subtraction and means controlled by an element of-lower orderforimparting an additional movement in P either a direction to'the'element' of'nexthigher order simultaneous with the driving of said elements and independent ofthe latters driving means 19. In a'tot'alizer,"thecombination of a plurality of differentially movable elements; means for driving. said 'elemeIItS-in'either direction for the" purpose-:of'addition or subtraction; andmeans controlled by-an element of 'lowerworder for imparting an additional movement ineither direction to the-element ofnext higher order while the latter is being-actuated andindependently higher and lower orders, and means-forsimultaneously i operating said elements in either direction as desired-,- of transfer devices. operating each element of higher order: and constructed to be: actuated from a norinal-position by elements of lower order, in directions depending on thedirectiOn I of movement of said lower order elements, and means for" restoring :the operated transfer devices 4 to their normal: positions.

21:. The combination with totalizer'elements ofrlower-and higher orders,-of means for simultaneously operating said i'elements in either --direction as desired, cams carried by the- =totalizer elements, and means: wherebysaid cams drive the-adj acent higher order t'otalizer elements in either direction to effect F transfers, 1. the direction depending upon -the direction in-whichthe cams'are being carried bythe totalizer elements.-

the direction in which the cams are being 10 carried by their totalizer elements.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

EDMUND S. CHURCH.

22. The combination with totalizer elements of lower and higher orders, of devices for simultaneously operating said elements differentially and in either direction, and means whereby the cams drive adjacent higher order totalizer elements in either direction to efieot transfers while the operating devices are differentially operating said elements, the direction depending upon Witnesses:

F. E. HAMILTON, R. RUMMLER.

(.opies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patentl,

Washington, D. G." V

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