US1132176A

US1132176A - Refrigerating and ice-manufacturing means.

Info

Publication number: US1132176A
Application number: US74625213A
Authority: US
Inventors: Alfred O Girard
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1913-02-04
Filing date: 1913-02-04
Publication date: 1915-03-16
Anticipated expiration: 1932-03-16

Description

A. 0. GIRARD.

REPEIGERATING AND ICE MANUFACTURING MEANS.

APPLICATION FILED ZEBRA, 1913.

L1. fififib Patented Mar. 16, 1915.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

. 1 2mm g A. O. GIRARD.

REFRIGERATING AND ICE MANUFACTURING MEANS.

APPLICATION FILED FEBA, 1913.

m n, ll lgg 6 Patented iviar.16,1915.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

INVENTOR I 141102712 S r A. O. GIRARD.

REFRIGERATING AND ICE MANUFACTURING MEANS. APPLICATION FILED FEB.4,1913.

Patented 16, 1915.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WITNESSES [NVENTOR A. O. GIRARD.

RBFRIGERATING AND ICE MANUFACTURING MEANS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB.4,1913.

Eatented Mar. 16, 1915.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

L VVENTR WITNESSES ALFRED 0. GIRARD, 0F MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN.

BEFBIGERATING AND ICE-MANUFACTURING- MEANS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 16, 1915.

Application filed February 4, 1913. Serial No. 746,252.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it lmown that I, ALFRED O. GIRARD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State of Wisconsin, have invented new and useful Improvements in Refrigerating and Ice-Manufacturing Means, of which the following is a specification.

My present invention pertains to refrigera'tion and the manufacture of ice.

One of the objects of the invention is the provision of refrigerating and ice manufacturing means that is possessed of high efficiency because all portions of the circulating system are maintained at all times in a cold state, and therefore there is no liability of the return conduit to the pump or other circulating medium becoming heated to a material extent.

Another object is the provision of refrigerating and ice manufacturing apparatus that is compact, efiicient and not liable to get out of order, and is therefore particularly adapted for domestic use.

Another object is the provision of means for conducting any ammonia that may escape with lubricating oil from the circulating system back into the circulating system.

Another object is to repeatedly use the lubricating oil and to relieve back pressure on the pump or other circulating medium incidental to the return of the ammonia or ammonia gas to the circulating system.

Other objects and advantageous characteristics of my invention will be fully appreciated from the following description and claims when the same are read in connection with the drawings, accompanying and forming part of this specification, in which Figure 1 is a front elevation of a machine constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is an enlarged section of the expansion "alve comprised in the machine. Fig. 3 is an enlarged vertical section illustrating the circulating system of the machine including the pump, the cooling-agent receptacle and the ammonia conduits disposed in said cooling agent and adjacent the pump. Fig. 4 is an enlarged elevation of the machine looking from a view point at the left of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is'a fragmentary plan of the machine. Fig. 6 is an enlarged detail view illustrative of the filter employed intermediate the oil separator and the ex pansion Valve. Fig. 7 is a diametrical sec motor and the crank shaft 7 of the pump,

a water jacket or receptacle 8 supported on the crank case of the pump, a valve casing 9 having an induction orifice 10 designed to be connected with a main or other source of water supply, and also having an eduction orifice 11 designed to be connected through a pipe 12 with the lower portion of the receptacle 8, a diaphragm 13 disposed in said casing and opposite a port 14 thereof, which port is connected with the ammonia-circulating system, as hereinafter described, and a valve 15 controlled by thesaid diaphragm and designed in turn to control the passage of water between the induction orifice 10 and the eduction orifice 11. By virtue of the provision of the diaphragm 13 and the valve 15, and the connections described of the casing 9, it will be manifest that so long as there is a certain pressure in the casing 9 at the opposite side of the diaphragm 13, with reference to the orifice 10, the valve 15 will be held open and the circulation of water through the receptacle 8 will be malntained, while when the pressure s reduced in the portion of the casing adjacent the orifice 14 below a certain point, the valve 15 will be closed, and the circulation of water through the receptacle 8 will be stopped.

From the receptacle 8 the water passes through a pipe 16 to a sewer or other point of discharge.

As vwill be observed by reference to Flg. 3, the pump cylinder 3 is arranged 1n the receptacle 8 and surrounded by the water therein contained. At its upper end the said cylinder is provided with an induction port 20 and an eduction port 21; the port 20 be g controlled by an outwardly-seatlng valve 2, and the ort 21 by an inwardlyseating valve 23. Above the said valves the cylinder is provided with removable plugs valve chambers above the valves 22 and 23 are provided with upwardly-seating valves 27. These valves normally rest in the open position shown. When, however, it is desired to gain'access to the valves 22 and 23,

the valves 27 are pulled upwardly into closed positions to effectually prevent the escape of ammonia from the circulation system during the time that the plugs 24 are displaced.

Connected to the conduit 26 is an ammonia-conduit 28 which is preferably a worm of pipe, and is disposed in the water in receptacle 8, as-shoWn. The said conduit 28, in turn, is connected through a conduit 29 with the upper portion of an oil.separator 30, which contains a bafiie 31 to accelerate the downward passage of lubricating oil, and is equipped with a pressure gage 32 for indicating the pressure ofthe ammonia passingfrom the conduit 28. At this point it may also be stated that 'a pressure gage 33 is connected with the conduit 25 to indicate the pressure of the ammonia precedent to the entrance of the same into the pump.

In the casing of the oil separator 30 is a float valve 34 which controls" an oil outlet port 35 from which a conduit 36 leads to the closed crank case 5 of the pump, as shown. A hand screw 37 is mounted in the separator casing below the valve 34, and is manipulated when it is necessary to unseat-the valve by hand. During the operation of the machine the pressure in the separator holds the valve. 34 closed. When, however, the machine is at rest, the valve 34 will ultimately rise, and then the oil collected in the form of globules in the separator will pass through the conduit 36 into the crank case 5.

The described rising of the float valve 34 takes place when the machine stops, and is brought about by the equalization of pressure above and below said valve 34. This latter is due to the fact that the by-pass conduit 60 allows the pressure in the oil separator 30 and the crank case 5 to equalize, and then theoil in separator, previously forced by the pressure from above past the float valve 34, raises the said fioat valve to a slight extent, but suflicient for the passage of oil from the separator through conduit 36 into the crank case 5.

In lieu of the separator 30, the separator 30* shown in Fig. 8, may be employed. This separator 30 differs from the. separator 30 in that it has an interior annular flange 38 on its casing, and in that it contains a diaphragm 39-, a valve 34 connected to said diaphragm, and an expansion spring 40 interposed between the bottom of the casing and the diaphragm. During the away from the separator casin holds the diaphragm 39 auge 38, against the action of the spring 40*, and hence oil is enabled to collect in the lower portion of the casing.

When, however, the machine is at rest, the

spring 40 will ultimately raise the diaphragm 39 and the valve 34 and permit the oil to pass through the conduit 36 to the crank case 5.

Leading from the upper portionof the separator 30 is a conduit 40, and connected with said conduit, which is closed at its outer end 41, is 'a conduit 42 which leads to the orifice 14 of the casing 9, before described,

so as to enable the pressure in the separator when the machine is running, to hold the valve 15 open and-thereby maintain the en.-

culation of Water through the receptacle 8.

Also connected with the conduit40 is a conduit 43. This latter extends down to and is connected with the-casing 44 of the filter for catching and holding any impurities or foreign substance present in the ammonia. In addition to the casing 44, the filter comprises an open-work rest 45' which bears on the lower: end of the casing, and'a cup 46 of reticulated material which rests on the said base and is provided at its upper. end with an interiorly threaded collar 47 connected to a threaded-flange 48 that depends from the cap of the casing.

The foraminous cup 46 is smaller in diameter than the casing 44, and hence it will be apparentthat' ammonia can freely pass through the interstices or openings in the passes through a conduit 49 to an expansion valve 50, best shown in F ig.=2, and from the said expansion valve the ammonia in the form of gas slightly-saturated passes through a conduit 51 to a suitable conduit,

not shown which conduitis preferably immersed in brine 1n a receptacle contained in a refrigerator, cold storage chamber or other compartment that it is desired to keep cold. In this connection it is to be taken into con- 'sideration that when the machine is first put in operation everything is warm and the ammonia on the high pressure side is in a liqworking of the machine, the pressure in the"-a gas, though more or less saturated, since magma it is constantly absorbing heat until the substance to be refrigerated reaches a low temperature corresponding with that of the cooling agent. This will be better appreciated when it is stated that in practice the coil 28 is thirteen feet in length, and the coil in the refrigerator is 66 feet in length, and in addition to these lengths of coil there are the other spaces in the circulating system to receive the three ounces of anhydrous ammonia which is all that is employed. From this it follows that the ammonia cannot be entirely in a liquid state. From the said conduit the ammonia passes back to the machine through a conduit 52. This latter conduit is connected at 53 with an ammonia conduit 54, and the latter conduit, in common with the conduit 28, is preferably in the form of a worm of pipe, and is disposed in the water in the receptacle 8, and is preferably arranged around and adjacent to the cylinder 3 of the pump. At its end remote from the conduit 52, the conduit 53 is connected with the conduit 25, as indicated by 55, in Fig. 3. It will also be observed by reference to Fig. 3 that a conduit 56 effects direct connection between the conduit 52 and the conduit 25, and that a baffle 57 is arranged over the induction end of the conduit 54. The conduit 56 constitutes a bypass and permits of a portion of the ammonia passing directly from the conduit 52 to the conduit 25, and the pump, this in order to prevent freezing in the receptacle 8, after the machine has been in operation for some time.

Intermediate the crank case 5 of the pump and the return conduit 52 of the circulating system, is a minute by-pass conduit 60, Figs. 3 and 4. This conduit permits of any ammonia that may find its way into the crank case 5 past the piston during the working of the machine, to pass back into the circulating system, and this without the ammonia being accompanied by oil which is in a cold state, and hence in the form of globules in the crank case. F v

The oil which is used for lubricating purposes'in the crank case, finds its way through splashing past the piston into the circulating system, and this makes necessary the employment of the oil separator hereinbefore specifically referred to. It will be noticed, however, in this connection that the oil is effectually separated from the ammonia precedent to the passage of the latter to'the conduit disposed in brine in the refrigerating chamber; also, that by reason of the oil being conducted back into the crank case 5, the oil is repeatedly used for lubricating purposes, and hence the initial charge of oil will last for an indefinite. period.

It is to be noted that the ammonia is in a liquid state after it leaves the condenser coil 28. While the outlet of the separator 30 is at the top thereof, it is to be taken into consideration that there is a bafile plate in the separator 30, and also that the movement of the liquid through coil 28 and separator 30 is very slow. Moreover the pumping into the coil 28 direct from the compressor coupled with the fact that the coil 28 is surrounded by water assures the ammonia reaching the separator 30 in a cold. state. From this it follows that the ammonia and oil will separate, the oil passing to the bottom of the separator 30, and ultimately back to the crank case-t; 6., when the machine is at rest and the valve 34 is permitted to rise.

In addition to puttingback into the circulating system anyammonia that may find its way past the piston and into the crank case 5, the by-pass 60 serves the important function of exhausting the crank case 5, and in that way prevents the imposition of back pressure on the piston. Moreover the bypass or by-pass conduit 60 contributes to the lubrication of the top of the piston, and the upper portion of the piston cylinder by enabling the piston to draw a small quantity of oil into the return or low pressure conduit, and past the suction valve. 22 into the upper portion of the cylinder, from whence the oil will be eventually forced back into the separator 30. Thus the oil is used over and over again. Said by-pass conduit 60 also assures equalization of pressure throughout the appara tus when the same is not in operation, and this alone is an important advantage, inasmuch as it precludes the small quantity of anhydrous ammonia employed expanding sufiiciently to cause breakage or derangement when the machine is idle and warm. The by-pass conduit 60 further contributes to the reliable operation of the valve 15.

It will also be gathered from the foregoing that one charge of ammonia placed in the circulating system will last for an indefinite period, and hence my novel machine may be very economically operated.

In the operation of the machine, the ammonia is compressed by the pump, and is forced through the conduit 28 and into the separator 30, from whence it passes through the filter ,and the expansion valve in the order named. After leaving the expansion valve, the ammonia in the form of gas is carried to and through the conduit (not shown) in the refrigerating chamber. From the said conduit in which the gas is preferably permitted to expand a plurality of times, the gas is drawn through the conduit 52, the conduit 56 and the conduit 54 into the pump, where it is again compressed,

and the operation before described is repeated.

A highly important characteristic of my invention resides in the fact that after the operation of the machine is established, the

ammonia gas in passing through the conduit in the brine absorbs so little heat that the conduit 52 through which the gas returns to the conduit 54 and the pump, is maintained in a cold state. In fact after the machine has been in operation for a that the pump and the two ammonia conent, is:

duits 54 and 28 are arranged in close relation in the cooling-agent receptacle 8 is due the high efliciency of the machine.

It will also be gathered from the foregoing that the compact arrangement of the elements comprised in my novel machine well adapts the same for domestic use, as well as use in all other places where space is limited.

The high efiiciency of. the machine is also attributable to the fact that all portions of the machine are, during the operation of the machine, maintained in a cold state.

Having described my invention, what I claim and desire tosecure by Letters-Pat- 1. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a pump having a cylinder and a crank case, tortuous conduits connected with the induction orifice and eduction orifice, respectively, of the pump, means for cooling the pump and the said tortuous conduits, and a by-pass conduit intermediate the crank case of the pump and one of the said tortuousconduits.

2. In a machine of the class described, a receptacle having an outlet, means for supplying the same with a cooling agent, a pump having a cylinder disposed in the receptacle, a tortuous conduit disposed in the receptacle and connected at one end withthe induction orifice of the pump, a second tortuous conduit disposed in the rece tacle and connected with the eduction ori ce of the pump; the said conduits being designed to be connected with a refrigerating conduit, means for'utilizing the pressure in the second-named conduit to control the supply of cooling agent to the receptacle, and a bypass conduit 56 adapted to be connected with the refrigerating conduit and connected with the induction orifice of the pump.

3. In a machine of the class described, a pump cylinder having induction 'and eduction orifices and valve chambers and also having an outwardly-seating valve in one chamber and an inwardly-seating valve in the other chamber and removable plugs normally closing said valve chambers, conduits connected with the induction and eduction orifices, and valves in said conduits and arrangedto be seated toward the said orifices of the pump to close the conduits to the valve chambers when the plugs are removed.

4. In a machine of the class described, a receptacle having an outlet, means for supplying thesame with a cooling agent, a pump having a cylinder. disposed in the receptacle and also having a crank case, a worm of pipe disposed in the receptacle and about the cylinder and connected with the induction orifice of the pump, a 'by-pass conduit intermediate the crank case and said worm of pipe, a second worm of pipe disposed in the receptacle and about the cylinder and connected with the eduction orifice of the pump, an oil separator connected with the second-named worm of pipe, a conduit for carrying oil from said separator to the crank case of the pump, and expansion means connected with and adapted to receive ammonia from the said separator; thefirst-named worm of pipe and the expansion means being designed to be connected with a refrigerating conduit, and means for utilizing the pressure in the circulating system to control the supply of cooling agent to the receptacle.

5. In a machine ofthe class described, a receptacle having an outlet, means for supplying .the samewith a cooling agent, a pump having a cylinder disposed in the receptacle and also having a crank case, a worm of pipe disposed in the receptacle and about the cylinder and connected with the induction orifice of the pump, a conduit connected with said worm of pipe at a point remote from the induction orifice of the pump and designed to be connected with a refrigerating conduit, a by-pass conduit intermediate the crank case and said conduit, a by-pass conduit intermediate the first-named conduit and the induction orifice of the pump, a second worm of pipe disposed in the receptacle and about the cylinder and connected with the eduction orifice of the. pump, an oil separator connected with the second-named worm of pipe, a conduit for carrying oil from said separator to the crank case of the pump, ex-

worm of pipe disposed in the receptacle and about ,the cylinder and connected with the lnductlon orifice of the pump, a conduit connected with said worm of pipe at a point remote from the induction orifice and decrank case-andsaid conduit, a by-pass conduit intermediate the first-named conduit and the eduction orifice of the pump, a second worm of pipe disposed in the receptacle and about the cylinder and connected with the eduction orifice of the pump, an oil separator connected with the secondnamed worm of pipe, a conduit for carrying oil from said separator to the crank case of the pump, a filter connected with and adapted to receive ammonia from said separator,

expansion means connected with an adapted to receive ammonia from said filter, a conduit connected to said expansion means and designed to be connected with the refrigerating conduit, and means for utilizing the pressure in the circulating system for controlling the supply of cooling agent to the receptacle.

7. In a machine of the class described, a receptacle for a cooling liquid, a pump having a cylinder disposed in the receptacle and also having a crank case, a tortuous conduit disposed in the receptacle and connected with the induction orifice of the pump, a conduit connected with said conduit at a point remote from the induction orifice and designed to be connected with a refrigeratmg conduit, a by-pass conduit intermediate the crank case and said conduit, a second tortuous conduit disposed in the receptacle and connected with the eduction orifice of the pump, an oil separator connected with the second-named tortuous conduit, a con.- duit for carrying oil from said separator to the crank case of the pump, and a conduit connected with the separator and adapted go lie connected with the refrigerating con- 8. In a machine of the class described, a

pump having a cylinder and a crank case, a

tortuous conduit connected with the induction orifice of the pump, a conduit connected with said conduit at'a point remote from said induction orifice and designed to be connected with a refrigerating conduit, a by-pass conduit intermediate the crank case and said conduit, a second tortuous conduit connected with the eduction orifice of the pump, an oil separator connected with said conduit, a conduit for carrying oil from said separator to' the crank case of the pump, and a conduit connected with the separator and adapted to be connected with the refrigerating conduit.

9. In a machine of the class described, the combination of apump having a cylinder and a, crank case, tortuous. conduits connected with the induction orifice and eduction orifice, respectively, of the pump, means for cooling the pump and the said tortuous conduits, an oil separator connected with one of the tortuous conduits, a conduit connecting the separator with the crank case of the pump, a valve forcontrolling said conduit, and a by-pass conduit intermediate the crank case of the pump and one of the said tortuous conduits.

' 10. In a machine of the class described,

ALFRED O. GIRARD.

Witnesses:

EDNA JAn css SHEELEY, Nmm C. HEALY.