US1130476A - Rheostat-controller. - Google Patents

Description

G. P. CARROLL. RHEOSTAT CONTROLLER.

APPLICATION FILED MM 6, 1909.

P tented Mar. 2, 1915.

i in v/z rah.

ma chineZ I I II Th -pur ose ofmy'present invention is to.

iinvrrsp; snares r shorten 1D. CARROLL,

or a reemen CONNECTICUT;

EliEOSTAT-CONIROIJLER- I Specification of Letters Patent. Pafentedfilap 2, 1915 griglinal im ti filed April 12, 19117, Serial No. 367,836. Divided'and this application filed May 6, 1909.

- Serial No. 494.,298.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, GEORGE P. CARROLL,

a citizen of the Unite-d States, residing at Bridgeporhin the county of Fairfield and State ofConnecticut,'have invented a new and useful Rheostat-Gonti'oller', of which the following is a specification.

This application is a division of my application entitled Automatic compression refrigerating system, filed April '12, 1907,

the present application -iny invention relates to improvements in the l apparatus for controlling .arheostat,"especiallywhen usedi'n-connectionwith. a motor, or other apparatus, used" to operate a refrigerating The means employed for accomplishing these ends -area's} will appear. I There are also certain. c'letail. improvements in construction as will appear. I I

In'th'e drawings: the figure is" a diagrammati'c representation of-in'y invention show-I 'ing the" parts in detail and 'th'eircohhections. ,An expansion eoil-1"is'=located' in whatever place is to be refrigerated and leads into a compressor 2, being provided nearwhere it emerges from such place with"a hand shut off valve 3. The compressor is' preferably belt driven by a motor 4. hen the coinpressor i'sri'n' operation it draws spentgas from the coil; compresses the gas, and forces the compressed gasfthrough a high pressure pipe 5, an oil separatorfi, and-into a double pipe "condenser 7Q Thence the condensed gas, new ih liquefied form if aminoniais the refrigerant; passes by a pipeiS Qto a receiver And thence=a liquid pipefl'O leads to an electric expansion valve 'E, 'ino're fully shown and described in Figs. 3 and?! of sa d 'formerapplication and in the descrip tion relating thereto} "The; valve Eds falso" fully'shown Mi d 'dscriliedin the United State's Patents :i neINos. 924,964 and I 925,081,. deted Ju'l le' 1-5, .1909.. F rom 7 "is placed a hand stop valve I thec'onden'ser and the receiver 9 is' placed a" I hand'stO'pW-"alve 23); and jnst'beyond'the re-' valve pipelldea'ds to a pressureregulatin'g valve -P, at the inlet end of the coil 1, which valve is more fully shown and described in said Fig. 2 and in the description relating thereto. The valve P is also fully shown and-described in the United States Patent to me No. 906,508, datedDeelzS,

1908, A hand valve. 12, near the inlet end of the coil 1, may be used, when desired, to envalve XV, more fully shownand-"described in Figs. 5 and 6 of said former-application and in the description relating thereto. The

.valve' \V isv also jfully shown and described 7 in the United States Patent to me No. 906,509, dated- Dec; 15,1908; A pip'elG,

provided. with a hand valve 717-, leads from any source'fof "coldwater supply into the valveW'l .A handgvalve 18 is placed in the pipe 13 between the condenser 7 and the water jacket 14 ;-it is used to shut off the parts; when necessary. Under 1 operating condi-' tions the valve l8 -is wide open. and the valve 16 is opened sufficiently to supply a maximum'of condensing water at'such times as the compressor is actually running; and

thefvalve'lV is open in the manner to he de scribed. An 'oil:drain pipe l rlads-from the foot of: theoi'l' separator. GLinto the base f the compressor 2 and is controlled by a hand valve'20 normally closed. In the;

separator 6 is placed a hand stop valve 21 3' between the oil separator and the condenser 22* ;"between ce'iver in thepipelt) placed ah'and' stop valve 24? Under n'or1na'l conditions of operation the IValv esS, 21222", 23, 24;" and the'partsare letteiied an-d so: pipe 5 between the compressor 2 and the oil From a generator- G mains 17, lead the ,in'otor, inthe upper's'ide of as? shown, is 'fplaced-"a'n overload autoinst-ie i 24 and the vale 2o.

1 tends upward. .2

.but theyTcould-be dispensedj withso'far as. '73."I'A 11 -electrom'agnet 90 when'energized, I operates on thelever 83' so as to pull-it to.

maintain a pres'shre'of 30 Ibs;

f ends a valveseatadaptejd to beiclosed by a 1 tertically inoving -valve' m with a stem '58- i Extendingiupvvardfli through; the casing." A

60 g" the stein are threecollars,

' 'Preferably thesecollars'are longitudinally lever; 26 is secured to the outer end of the shaft and. extends in a horizontal direction opposite to thatjof the inner lever. t

Pivoted at 27 is a three partlever-28 having its main arm. 29 extending horizontally tov'vardfl-and terminating in a position just abovethe-outer endof the lever 26. ad-.

justable screvv' 30 at theend of the arm 29 determines the extent to Which'the lever 28 may-depress the lever 26 and'lift thelever I Substantially at right anglesto-the main arm, an upper arm-31' ex from thepivot 27. Athird arrn and a; connected automatic device ex i tenddown'wardly fromfthe'pivot and are operativev .to 'break I I electromagnet. '33, to be described, as fully set; forthin the particular drawings and descriptions 015th Athe operation-of thevalve E is and are no: part- .of the 'sti11ctl1re which is' the basis of the present; invention. i :An electromagnet; 33, placed nnder: the arin 29, when energized, depresses the seine, I in. opposition to a spring 34, and also throws the arm 3-1. to the left. 'A' pivoted dog 35 latter has been thrown to theleft; as to holdfthelever 28 in position. after the mag I net 33:.is"nolongerenergized. eleotro'- I I I magnet-43,' placed over the dog 35, vvhen'enJ The part QToperateson the core .98 so as; by -o'pening the'circuit breaker, to break the cir- I i ergized,.liftsthe'dog and perniits'the spring I '-'c.11it Whenever the-current exceeds a pred 3 1 to lift 'thearnr29and tothliow theg'arm is a horizontal inner lever 24, turning.

a' current through the e valve E i'ab'ove' referred to concerned drops ilpon and locks the armj3l', after-the I I nicer/e just belovv the lower end of the core 67 rests, when the its top. A dog 68, pivoted on core is depressed; ona pin Z1 so as to be 1 free of thestem o lifted, the dog presses against thestem so as to lock Whichever collar maybe above it.

A switch 73, pivoted at the left of itscenter, has a spring? 6 that tends to lift its left end, whichis insulated, and to depress its right end. The right'end of the switch'73 has on its lowerside a contact surface adaptright ends insulated] from each other. A pivoted spring locking device. 79 tends to locklthe leften'd: of the switch 73-so as to 8. But when the core .is

fed'to make contactwiththe'upper surfaces 'of a contact piece-77, having its left and h the right, the lever has a detent adapted to engage-from beneath and to lock in an elevated-position-Whichever one of the collars on the stem it may be under. Y The extreme top ofthe lever 83, v'vhenit is turnedto the left, operates on the device 79 so as to-overlock it from engagement with the switch the-leftinopposition to the spring85.

From the mains 17 through a resistance '91, a Wi re"'92 leads to the. solenoid 65, from -,-oo 1nethe tende'ncyof-Ithe latter and to 'unwhich a wire 93 leads to the right end of the I piece 7 7 A Wire 94 leads from thecondu'cleads from-the ire' 93'to acircuit breaker.

-r;Bite-theright-and out-of engagement with; ternriiined limit.- The circuit-breaker has an i the ide 35 enemas magnet has ceased'fto fthe valve is-fto': deter;

5 mine" the (pressure i nfithef coil 1' vvhen; the 4 valve is open gene for-present p irpose's'it may be, assumed,- fwith ammonia as the re fri'ger'ant, that thevalve is. so adjnst e'das t" 1 ,-The'casing ofthe' valve has-between '.'spring?6D, coiled about the stem,tends.to

and arm 67 projecting, the core.

a; core B6insi1lated onj'topfan'd provided .arm '99, vvhich serves the doublepurpose .of

.' ivoted jnear "its" left end an insulated I 52fiand nearj1-tscenter is pivoted to lveclosed'; On the outer-part but is insulated'ifrom a core. 53 'withi'n andjrnagnetizable by'thevYinding 18. Pivote'd to' the short and insulated, end of the arm .51? is aldash pot devicef 54 i. operating-to some vv ha't retard the upward movement of the arm .when' the fcoreisfenergized. A

the otherj side of the motorie. A Wire 95 -lbeing a hand lever,v onibeing. liftedfto close the circuit and-alsozis adapted. to be lifted j :with like effect. by engagement with 'the'pro u jecting 'lever'end of 'a core 100 when a: sole- I grill. 1 02, containing the core, is energized. wire- 193. leads from'thewire '93". through andthronghthesolenoid 102 from 92tothe-left end'of the piece 177. t partof therheostat R; an arm 51 "is" series of contacts 55 are connected one to another in ascending order by divisional or sub-resistances 56*. The highest contact above the highest resistance is connected with the end of the mains 17 leading from Another end of thethe circuit breaker A. mains 17, leading to themotor 4, is connected with a part of the arm 53 near the pivot 52, the arm being a conductor from breaker A and the contacts 55, through 'a resistance 106, a. wire 107 leads through the winding 18 to a. starting contact 108, where contactca'n be made through a hand switch 109 back-to the generator .by a wire 57?. Such a contact energizes the winding 18 to turn on the full current for starting and running the motor 4. The handswitch is also adapted to make a stopping contact at 110 and a third contact at 111, the latter being as shown. Through a resistance 112 a wire 113 leads from the mains 17, between 'thefcircuit breaker A and the resistance 106,

to and through the magnet 90- to the contact 110. From the mains 17 between the pivot 52*. and the motor" 4,. a wire 114 leads through a resistance 58 to and through the magnet '83 to the wire 57 and thence back to the mains. From the wire113,;between the resistance 112 and the magnet 90, a' wire 115 leads to and through the magnet 13 back to the Wire-113 on the other side of the magnet 90.

In operative proximity to the coil 1 is mounted a thermostat T of any approved type. Inthe form shown 'it consists of a rod 116, subject to expansion or contraction with increases or decreases of temperature, attached to the short endof a lever 117, pivoted at 127 and adapted to make one contactwith a. starting contact .118 and another contact with a stopping contact119. .The'

lever 11'? is a conductor throughout its long end as far as its pivot, which is insulated A solenoid winding 120 contains a core 121 toothed at'its top and having a cross switch 122 attached to its lowerend. When the core is lifted, by the energization of the winding 120, its tooth is engaged by a 'detent 123 so asto hold the core and its switch in an elevated position.- The detent, under the action of gravity, tends to turn to the left so as to engage the tooth of the core 121,if the core has been-lifted, and, in any event, so as to fall against alimi'ting pin 59 An'electromagnet 12 1, on being energized, temporarily turns'the detent 123 tothe right.

From the wire 107, between the winding 18 and the contact 108, a Wire 125 leads to a switch contact 60; and from a switch contact 61 a wire 125 leads to the wire 57*. When the core 121 is lifted the switch 122 closes the contacts 60 and 61. From the wire 113, between the resistance 112 and the magnet 90, a wire 126 leads to and through the Winding 120 to the contact 118. A wire 127 leads from the conductor part of the lever 117, near its pivot 127, to the contact 111. From the wire 126, between the resistance 112 and the winding 120, a wire 1.28 leads to and through the magnet 12 1 .to connect at a point 129 with the wire 113 between the magnet 90 and the contact 110. A wire 130 leads fromthe wire 128 to the contact 119.

The parts are soconstructed in relation to each other that a greater current is required to pass through the resistance 104. than through. the resistance 97 and the circuit breaker A does not operate until after the passage of a current through the resistance has failed to open the circuit breaker 96. 1

The contacts and 119 are adjustable so that they can be moved nearer together to effect a narrow temperaturerange of opera tion by the thermostat T and Wider apart to efl ect a broader range; Also by moving the contacts upward, the thermostat acts within a lower temperature range; and by moving them downward, it acts within a higher temperature range.

The method of operation is as follows: Assume that the contacts 118 and 119 are so adjusted that at 38 degrees the thermostat makes contact with the contact 118; and at 35 degrees With the contact 119. In the positions elf-the parts as shown, the com pressor 2 is not running, the valves E and W are closed, and the temperatureabout the thermostat T is rising to 38 degrees. At that temperature the thermostat through its .lever 117, which of course is essentially a switch just as is the switch 109, makes contact with the starting contact'118. Thereupon-a slight current from the mains 17 passes through the'wire 113, the resistance 112, the wire 126, the winding 120, the contact 118, the lever 117, the Wire 127 the contact 111, the switch 109 and the wire 57 back to the mains The energiz ation'of the winding lifts the'core 121 into holding engagement with the detent 123 and also close the switch 122. The'closing of the switch causes a current to pass through'the wire 107, the resistance 106, the winding 18,

1 the wire the contact 60 the switch 122,

the contact 61 and the wire 125 back to the wire 57 and the mains. The energization of the winding 18 lifts the core 52- and the arm 57 gradually turns on the full current through the mains 17 to start'and to speed up the motor a and the compressor 2.

Simultaneously With the arm 51 making -1 isopened by a'current through the wire fully, explained. The valve W is opened-by a current from the' mains f17 through the the resistance-98 andfthe wire 94: back to the 'mains The consequent 'energiiation of the Winding 65 lifts the core 66 and the consetion is complete; 7

114, the resistance, 5S f, .the;magf net,3 3 and the wire 57. The action fof' the energized, magnet 33in opening thevalve E has, been \vire 92, the resistance-91, the winding 1: oig

through the magnet 43'back torthe mains; Y

The energization of themagnet-43 lifts the dog 35 so asto'f close thegvalve E, Yaspre viousl explained; The energizationpf themagne 91) turns theiever' 83 to-the left and releases the stem .58 so that thespring 60 the wi e 93, wire 95, the circuit breaker 96, seats the valve 57; and the anew is closed.

The temperature about the "thermostat T quently. lifted dog 68 lifts the middle collar on the stem 58st) as ito openthe valve The lever 83, springs'into place to'ho'ld the? a stem 58 and the. valve 57- in. their elevated position. The operation ofthe other parts of the valve to cause a' greater or less flow of Water according .to increases 1 orv de-.

. creases of current through 1the n1ains17, and

- witha' diflerent ore-"adjustment of certain parts 'of the valve, are fully explained in either of its said other descriptions. But it is not deemed necessary to here repeat 7 such' description. The above description willlsufficefOl" an understanding of mypresent in- I vention." With the .30

valves E and Wopen, vz'tjporiz inggammonia passesthroughthe coil .1 and' the expanded gasiis drawn fromthe coil by 1 the compressor-f2, ywhence it i'sforced inh ga f i h; as a' "liquid flowsinto the re ceiver .1, Presently,as{the surrounding me dense condition-intothe condenser 7. vCool water "through the" pipe 13. liquefies' the '35 'diumjis ,cjooled'j down by the coil 1, {the lever IIT-leavestheQ contact 1181 and eurrentis no o g'er r 'siii'gfih 'm th d ng;

B1111] the detent 123 continues to 'keep closed 1 tinues-to pass the: arni 51?;fi'an'd the compressor 2 'continues to operate" at'-full.

' 119. Thereupon "a fslight current from the mainsfllz, passes through the wire 113-, the;

resistance 112, the Wire 126, the -.wire .128,

the-magnet 124, the wire 130, the contact'119.

the-.detent 123 to-the righttsjo asto reIeaSethe core l2l. Thereupo r zri Opens v current; passes through thewinding' 18.

fed to beconnectedinseries, a rheo'stat arme switch 122 and 'no Thereupon gratityopens the arm 51? and o "current through the mains 17 ceases,.causinggthe Inotor Land compressor 2 to slow downand stop. But simultaneously with. the passage ofa current through the magnet 124,;acurrent passes through" the wire 1-13,

,'- the 're'sistance 112,, the wire 115, the magnet -4c3,,'-thewir e,1l3- again, thewire 128 andthe wire 130-,where it unites with the current i through the magnet 124 back :to the mains. H

the position shown and If it isvdesired' to control therh ostat R now beginsjto rise the 1eyer-117 is in i the cycle. of opera' by hand and to short circuit the thermostat 'I, the switch'109. is turned into contact with 'the starting ',c0i1tact1 108 and a current passes through. the entire length of the Wire 10 7:

so as toenergize the winding 18 and toclose the arm 5l with the-same refrigeratmg resultsas before. And tostopthe'compressorf 2 the switch 109 is turnedfinto contact with the closing contact 110 withthe same dos-j:

'ing results v as" before. Thus a thermostatic control of the rheostat 'does not "interfere with its hand I control.

- This to. benoted thah in aaeag at re,

'frigerating part of the cycle, no current passes through the winding 120. afterfthe" main current. through the mains 17 cease and that when the lever 117 leaves the coning position, solely'by means of a current tact 119 the current-through the magnet 124 7 ceases; Italso'is to be noted that while the motor and-{the compressorf2 are running,

the arm .51? is held" elevated, in its connec tthrough-the winding 18-. ,This is a safety position, ina's'muchas a stopping of the cur-V I rent through the winding 18, whether by the lever/117 touching the contact i 119 i or by other-means, releases the arm: .51 and stops the motor 4. "It isfalso. to be notedthat the valves Efand' W are notessentialtoathef present invention, but that the. flow: of" refrigerantand the flow of condensingwater and'the lever11Zhack,was,at starting-to the, mains. The energization of the magnet-124 *W'hat I have inventedand what I desire 'tobhave protected by-LettersPatent is expressed in. 5

may beregulated some othefmean's; o

adaptedfio so connect said conductors, a

main electric device when energized causing:

said arm'to soco'nnect said conductors, said i arm dlsconnectmg said conductors up'on the cessation of such energization, two branch conductorsadaptedwhen' connected in series' totransmit energizing current to;

said device, a secondary J-electricj device operating? upon the. passage of l a current through one part thereof to so'connect said branch conductors andupon the passage of a current through another part thereofto disconnect said branch conductors',wires to and from said first part of said secondary electric device, wires to and from said sec- 0nd part ofsaid secondary electric device, and a thermostatic member operating upon a predetermined change of temperature nv one direction to close a circuit in said former.

wires and upon a predetermined reverse change of temperature to close a circuit in said latter Wires. .v v

2. In combination two conductors adaptedto be connected in series, a rheostat arm adapted to so connect said conductors, a

mainelectric device when energized causing said device, a secondary switch tending tobe open butson being closed so connecting said branch'co'nducto'rs, a core operatively connected to said secondary switch, a magnet winding operating upon being energized to energize said core so as to close said secondary switch, a detent device operating upon the cessation of thelenergization of said winding to hold said secondary switch closed but nevertheless remaining subject to retraction so as to permit said secondary switch to open, another magnet winding op erating upon being energized to-retrac't said detent device, wires to and from said first magnet winding, wires to and from said second magnet winding, and a thermostatic member operating upon a predetermined change of temperature in one direction to close a circuit in said former wires and upon a predetermined reverse change of temperature to close a circuit-in said latter wires.

3. In combination an electric motor, two conductors adapted when connected in series to transmit "an operating current to said motor, a rhpostat arm adapted to so connect said conductors, a main electric device when energized causing said arm to so connect said conductors, said arm disconnecting said conductors upon the cessation of such energization, two branch conductors adapted when connected in series to transmit an energizing current to said device, a secondary electric device operating upon the passage of a current through one part thereof to so connect said branch conductors and'upon the passage of a current through another part thereof to disconnect said branch conductors, wires to and from said first part of said secondary electric device, wires to and from said second part of said secondary electric in said former wires and upon a predetermined reverse change of temperature, to close a circuit in said latter wires.

111 combination an electric motor, twoconductors adapted when connected in series to transmit an operating current. to said motor,'a rheostat arm adapted to so connect said conductors, a main electric device when energized causing said arm to so connect said conductors, said arm disconnecting said conductors upon the cessation of such energization, two branch conductors adapted when connected in series to transmit an energizing current to said device, a secondary switch tending to be open but on being closed so connecting said branch conductors,

a core operatively connected to said secondary switch, a magnet Winding operating upon beingenergizedto energize said core so .as to closesaid secondary switch,-a detent deviceoperating upon the cessation of the energization of said winding to hold said secondary switch closed but nevertheless remaining subject to retraction so as to permit said secondary switch to open, another magnet winding operating upon being ener-' gized to retract said detent device, wires 'to and from said first magnet winding, wires to and'from said second magnet winding, and a thermostatic member operating upon a predetermined change of temperature in one direction to close a circuit in said former wires and upon a. predetermined reverse vchange of temperature to close a circuit in said latter wires.

5. In comblnation an electric motor, a

compressor operatively connected with said mit an operating current to said motor, a

rheostat arm adapted to so connect said conductors, amain electric device whenvenergized causing said arm to so connect said conductors, said arin disconnecting said conductors upon the cessation of suclt energization, two branch conductors adapted when connected in series to transmit an energizing current to said device, a secondary electric device operating upon the passage of a current through one part thereof to so connect said branch conductors and upon the pas'sage'of a current through another part thereof to disconnect said branch conductors, wires to and from said first part of said secondary electric device, wires to and from said second part of saidsecondary electric device, anda thermostatic member affected by the expansion of refrigerant in said coil and operating upon a rise of temperature to a predetermined high limit to close a circuit insaiil formerwir e s aiid upoila fdli 'b f temiivixiding oPefzifiixig iipdli beingengrgized 0 fenpngize said core so as to ,close sa d second'-' close 'a' circuit insaid latter- 135; aryswitch, a detent. deyicje operating upqn" j 6.111 combination. an electric motbp; the-cessation of the energization of said f iucompfessor operatively connected' w-it-h said winding to hold said vseqohdary' switch motor,wrefrigerant'condensing and stdring :c'1osed=but heyrtheles's remaining subjevchbo 30 '.appa'ratuslea'ding from'saidcompfessor, an retraction Jso as co-permit said sec0I 1dary Xp anSi0ncbil leading fiom. said apparatus s'wi'tch to open, anothel mzigfiet Winding 0p-. mtov 's'aid. compressor, meafis rforfegulating verating upon being energizedflto. retrapt said 10 thei-expansion'of refrigerant from saidfap 1 &etent. device, i es to'and from said first parIatus irinto' vsaid coil; two; conductors; malgnefiiwindilig, Wires tb an'd-froml said 35 adapted Whn conneeted series to traiismit Jseiaofldifiagntfvindiflg, and" q thrmqstatic an operatingcurrent-1:05pm motor, arheost'at member afiected byighe expansion of-refrig I :armadapted 'tpso penned; said-conductors, er antjin said cqi lfand bperatingi pon a, rise l5 i mamrelectrigdgvioewhengnerglzed gausloftemperature 'aiv-predgtg rmmgd h gh ing sa ld arm to 0 connect said icqnductors hmit to" close a .c1r 0u1t .1n szu former w res 40,

' the 2Q iii'feriesio transmit energ zing current disc dnn'eciging saicl 'cqndliici ors -nppnlRand" upon aria ll of temperatuxewto a p rede- .cssatidn, of smell. .nergization, t o terminedlow li nit tq glos e av cir cuit'in'said 1

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