US3739596A - Refrigeration system including head pressure control means - Google Patents
Refrigeration system including head pressure control means Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3739596A US3739596A US00197295A US3739596DA US3739596A US 3739596 A US3739596 A US 3739596A US 00197295 A US00197295 A US 00197295A US 3739596D A US3739596D A US 3739596DA US 3739596 A US3739596 A US 3739596A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- fan
- fan motor
- compressor
- motor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
- F25B49/027—Condenser control arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/11—Fan speed control
- F25B2600/111—Fan speed control of condenser fans
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
Definitions
- ABSTRACT A refrigeration system comprising an air cooled con- 52 U.S. Cl. 62/158, 62/182, 62/226 dens/H, fan means for Passing Outdoor air over the [51] Int. Cl.
- F2511 17/00 denser including a first fan Operative y at higher [58] Field 6: Search 62/180, 181, 182, door temperatures, a Second, multi-speed fan and 2 15 22 trol means responsive to the system high side pressure for controlling the second fan speed; the control means [56] References Cited including a time delay relay means for assuring a high UNITED STATES PATENTS speed operation of the fan upon initial operation of the system regardless of outdoor temperatures.
- the air flow called for by the controls is low. If the air flow is controlled only by ambient temperature, the head pressure may become too high for optimum cooling operation. If it is controlled by head or high side pressure or temperature, the air will increase as the head pressure and temperature increase but may hunt or oscillate due to the system pressure or temperature lag at start up and still level off at a lower fan speed than that giving optimum cooling operation. Thus the system may continue to operate at either a lower or higher head pressure than its design is intended for so that it will operate for a longer or shorter optimum time. Substantial icing of the system evaporator may take place due to such inefficient operation of the system.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a refrigeration system including an improved head pressure control means which during the initial start up causes the system to quickly operate at a higher system high side pressure level than will be required and thereafter regulating to the desired air flow and high side pressure for proper cooling operation of the system.
- the present invention provides a refrigeration system comprising a compressor, a condenser, expansion means and evaporator series connected to form a closed refrigerant circuit and air flow control means which is re sponsive to both outdoor ambient air temperature and system high side pressure or single fan air flow control responsive to system high side pressure and which assures a maximum air flow for optimum cooling operation.
- the illustrated system is provided with two fans for passing a cooling stream of outdoor air over the condenser. The operation of one of the fans is controlled by an outdoor thermostat which deenergizes the fan whenever the outdoor temperature falls below a predetermined temperature.
- the second fan on a dual fan system or the only fan on a single fan system is a multi-speed fan, the speed of which is controlled through an autotransformer having high, medium and low voltage taps and first and second timedelay relays operated by the first and second pressure actuated switch means responsive to different high side pressures for connecting the fan to one of these three taps.
- the time delay provided by the relay means is sufficient so that during initial energization or start-up of the compressor the increase in fan speed will lag behind that actually called for by the pressure actuated switch means so as to permit the high side pressure to reach a level higher than that at which it ,will ultimately be required to operate the fan to maintain optimum high side pressure. This will provide the highest fan speed operation and hence maximum cooling under the existing ambient conditions.
- the single FIGURE is a schematic view of a refrigeration system including the control circuitry of the present invention.
- the FIGURE denotes a dual outdoor condenser fan system and is considered to illustrate a single outdoor condenser fan system using high side system pressures in the same manner as described.
- a refrigeration system comprising a motor driven compressor 1, a condenser 2, a capillary flow restrictor 3, and an evaporator 4 series connected to form a closed refrigerant circuit.
- the refrigerant compressed by the compressor I is discharged at high pressure through the discharge conduit 5 to the condenser where it is condensed into liquid form.
- the liquid refrigerant then passes through the expansion device in the form of the capillary 3 to the evaporator 4 where at a lower pressure it evaporates; to extract heat from indoor air passed over the evaporator by means of fan 7.
- refrigerant pressure conditions such a system is frequently described as having a head or high side or high pressure side extending from the compressor outlet to the expansion means and a suction or low side or low pressure side from the expansion means to the compressor.
- outdoor air is passed over the condenser by the operation of one or the other of two fans 11 and 12 respectively driven by motors l4 and 15.
- the control circuitry includes a plurality of switches operated by a thermostat 17 responsive to indoor temperatures. These switches include compressor switch means 18 for connecting the compressor across the leads L and L when the thermostat 17 calls for cooling and switches 19 and 20 respectively connecting the first fan motor 14 and the second fan motor 15 to the lead L
- the circuit for the fan motor 14 is completed by an outdoor thermostat switch 21 for connecting motor 14 to the lead L this switch 21 being closed at higher outdoor temperatures and being open at lower outdoor temperatures.
- this outdoor thermostat 21 opens to de-energize the motor 14 when the outdoor temperature falls to a predetermined temperature, as for example 50 F, and resets or closes to energize the fan motor 14 when the temperature again increases.
- This control circuitry includes a first time delay relay 22 comprising a two-pole switch 23 and a relay coil 24, the energization of which is controlled by a pressure responsive switch 25 sensing pressure in the discharge line 5.
- a second time delay relay 26, a twopole switch 27 and a coil 28 is operated by a second pressure sensitive switch 29 which is also operated by the pressures within the discharge line 5.
- the fan motor 15 is connected either to a low voltage terminal tap 31, an intermediate voltage tap 32 or a high voltage tap 33 of an autotransformer 34 connected across the supply lines L and L
- Low voltage power for operation of the relay coils 24 and 28 is provided through a transformer 35 the primary of which is connected across supply lines L and L
- the first and second relays 22 and 26 include time delay means for delaying the operation of the switches 23 and 27 following operation of the pressure responsive switchmeans 25 and 29.
- time delay relays are well known, and include, for example, a heated bimetal switch means delaying the actual operation of the relay switch following energization or de-energization of the relay coil.
- pressure operated or actuated switches 24 and 28 are responsive to different high side pressures, the switch 24 closing at a lower pressure than switch 28. However, both of these pressures are preferably higher than the lowest non-operating pressure within the discharge line 5.
- the amount of cooling air circulated over the condenser 2 depends upon whether one or both of the fan motors l4 and 15 are energized as well as the speed in which the motor 15 is operating. After an idle period, that is, at a time when the room thermostat 17 first calls for cooling, refrigerant pressures within the system are substantially equalized or, in other words, the high side pressure is at a low level. If the outdoor temperature is above the operating temperature range of the outdoor thermostat 2], fan motor 14 will be energized. If the temperature is below that value, motor 14 will not be energized and fan 11 will not be operating.
- the high side pressure in the discharge line is usually below operating pressure for either of the pressure switches 25 and 29, both of these switches will be open so that relay coils 24 and 28 are not energized.
- switches 23 and 27 will be in their illustrated positions with switch 23 completing an' energizing circuit for the notor through contact 37 to the low voltage tap 31 with the result that the fan motor 15 will operate at its lowest speed providing a minimum air flow over the condenser 2.
- the operation of the compressor 1 then continuously increases the head pressure or high side pressure, and this increase initially closes pressure switch 25 to complete the energizing circuit for the relay coil 24.
- the high side pressure continued to increase, depending upon the outdoor air temperatures, the pressure switch 29 closed to complete a circuit to the relay coil 28 forming part of the second time delay relay 26 and after a short period of time, as for example 10 to 15 seconds after the time delay relay 22 had been energized, switch 27 engages contact 41 to connect the fan motor to the high voltage tap 33 for operation of the fan motor 15 at maximum speed.
- the head or high side pressure is allowed to go to the highest level that the system will experience under ambient conditions before regulating to the desired motor speed required, predetermined by the opening and closing pressure setting of the pressure switches 25 and 29, for the proper operation of the system.
- the system will operate at maximum efficiency insofar as cooling rate is concerned. Unless the head pressure and outside ambient temperature conditions require high speed operation of the fan motor 15, the motor will modulate to the next lower speed.
- the fan speed will normally be increased at least one step beyond that ultimately required to maintain the proper operating head pressure for the existing conditions thus assuring that the system does not level off at an air flow below that needed for maximum cooling efficiency.
- minimum icing or frosting of the evaporator is also obtained as well as allowing the expansion means to properly control and provide maximum efficiency.
- a refrigeration system comprising in combination:
- a circuit for controlling the energization of said second multi-speed motor including an autotransformer having high, medium and low voltage taps, first and second time delay relays each including two position switches, and first and second pressure actuated switch means respectively responsive to lower and higher operating pressures in said high pressure side of said refrigerant circuit;
- said time delay relays having time delays sufficient that upon initial energization of said compressor, said multi-speed fan motor will be sequentially connected to said low, medium and high voltage taps with sufficient delay while connected to said low voltage tap to permit the high side pressure to reach the highest level for the existing outdoor temperature.
- a compressor, condenser, capillary flow restrictor and evaporator series connected to form a closed refrigerant circuit in which the portion of said circuit from said compressor to said expansion means defines the high pressure side of said refrigerant circuit;
- control circuitry for controlling theoperation of said fan motors comprising:
- said first switch connecting said second fan motor to said low voltage tap at a high side pressure sensed by said first pressure actuated switch means which is below said lower pressure and to said second switch at pressures above said lower pressure;
- said second switch connecting said second fan motor to said medium voltage tap at pressures below said higher high side pressure and to said high voltage tap at pressures above said higher high side pressure;
- said time delay relays having time delays sufficient that upon initial energization of said compressor, said second fan motor will be sequentially connected to said low, medium and high voltage taps with sufficient delay while connected to said low voltage tap to permit the high side pressure to reach the highest level for the existing outdoor temperature.
Abstract
Description
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US19729571A | 1971-11-10 | 1971-11-10 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3739596A true US3739596A (en) | 1973-06-19 |
Family
ID=22728816
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00197295A Expired - Lifetime US3739596A (en) | 1971-11-10 | 1971-11-10 | Refrigeration system including head pressure control means |
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US (1) | US3739596A (en) |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4315413A (en) * | 1979-12-31 | 1982-02-16 | Whirlpool Corporation | Selective temperature control system |
EP0152608A2 (en) * | 1984-02-17 | 1985-08-28 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Control method for a compound refrigeration plant |
EP0355180A2 (en) * | 1988-08-17 | 1990-02-28 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Cooling apparatus and control method |
FR2636723A1 (en) * | 1988-09-22 | 1990-03-23 | Danfoss As | |
US5488835A (en) * | 1993-07-28 | 1996-02-06 | Howenstine; Mervin W. | Methods and devices for energy conservation in refrigerated chambers |
US5657638A (en) * | 1995-10-02 | 1997-08-19 | General Electric Company | Two speed control circuit for a refrigerator fan |
EP0854333A2 (en) * | 1997-01-21 | 1998-07-22 | Nartron Corporation | Methods and systems for controlling a refrigeration system |
US20070033957A1 (en) * | 2005-08-09 | 2007-02-15 | Carrier Corporation | Automated drive for fan and refrigerant system |
US20080141692A1 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2008-06-19 | York International Corporation | Medium voltage starter for a chiller unit |
US8590329B2 (en) | 2004-12-22 | 2013-11-26 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Medium voltage power controller |
US20150207303A1 (en) * | 2011-10-27 | 2015-07-23 | Prysmian S.P.A. | System and method for cooling a power transmission system |
US9109830B2 (en) | 2010-08-11 | 2015-08-18 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Low ambient cooling kit for variable refrigerant flow heat pump |
US20160230331A1 (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2016-08-11 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Clothes treating apparatus and operating method thereof |
US20170167777A1 (en) * | 2014-03-21 | 2017-06-15 | Lennox lndustries Inc. | System for operating an hvac system having tandem compressors |
US10081902B2 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2018-09-25 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Controlling method for clothes dryer |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3390539A (en) * | 1966-10-31 | 1968-07-02 | Trane Co | Apparatus for controlling refrigeration systems |
US3402565A (en) * | 1966-07-26 | 1968-09-24 | Smith Corp A O | Pressure responsive refrigeration motor control |
US3415071A (en) * | 1966-04-04 | 1968-12-10 | Honeywell Inc | Refrigeration condenser fan speed control system |
US3633376A (en) * | 1967-12-18 | 1972-01-11 | Trane Co | Refrigeration apparatus control |
US3638445A (en) * | 1970-10-19 | 1972-02-01 | Carrier Corp | Air-cooled condenser apparatus |
-
1971
- 1971-11-10 US US00197295A patent/US3739596A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3415071A (en) * | 1966-04-04 | 1968-12-10 | Honeywell Inc | Refrigeration condenser fan speed control system |
US3402565A (en) * | 1966-07-26 | 1968-09-24 | Smith Corp A O | Pressure responsive refrigeration motor control |
US3390539A (en) * | 1966-10-31 | 1968-07-02 | Trane Co | Apparatus for controlling refrigeration systems |
US3633376A (en) * | 1967-12-18 | 1972-01-11 | Trane Co | Refrigeration apparatus control |
US3638445A (en) * | 1970-10-19 | 1972-02-01 | Carrier Corp | Air-cooled condenser apparatus |
Cited By (31)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4315413A (en) * | 1979-12-31 | 1982-02-16 | Whirlpool Corporation | Selective temperature control system |
EP0152608A2 (en) * | 1984-02-17 | 1985-08-28 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Control method for a compound refrigeration plant |
EP0152608A3 (en) * | 1984-02-17 | 1986-04-09 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Control method for a compound refrigeration plant |
EP0355180A2 (en) * | 1988-08-17 | 1990-02-28 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Cooling apparatus and control method |
EP0355180A3 (en) * | 1988-08-17 | 1990-03-28 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Cooling apparatus and control method |
FR2636723A1 (en) * | 1988-09-22 | 1990-03-23 | Danfoss As | |
US5797276A (en) * | 1993-07-28 | 1998-08-25 | Howenstine; Mervin W. | Methods and devices for energy conservation in refrigerated chambers |
US5488835A (en) * | 1993-07-28 | 1996-02-06 | Howenstine; Mervin W. | Methods and devices for energy conservation in refrigerated chambers |
US5657638A (en) * | 1995-10-02 | 1997-08-19 | General Electric Company | Two speed control circuit for a refrigerator fan |
EP0854333A2 (en) * | 1997-01-21 | 1998-07-22 | Nartron Corporation | Methods and systems for controlling a refrigeration system |
EP0854333A3 (en) * | 1997-01-21 | 2000-10-04 | Nartron Corporation | Methods and systems for controlling a refrigeration system |
US8820105B2 (en) | 2004-12-22 | 2014-09-02 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Medium voltage power controller |
US20080141692A1 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2008-06-19 | York International Corporation | Medium voltage starter for a chiller unit |
US8590329B2 (en) | 2004-12-22 | 2013-11-26 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Medium voltage power controller |
US20110179821A1 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2011-07-28 | York International Corporation | Medium voltage starter for a chiller unit |
US8544290B2 (en) | 2004-12-22 | 2013-10-01 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Medium voltage variable speed drive for a chiller unit |
US7918099B2 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2011-04-05 | York International Corporation | Medium voltage starter for a chiller unit |
EP1938028A4 (en) * | 2005-08-09 | 2010-01-13 | Carrier Corp | Automated drive for fan and refrigerant system |
EP1938028A2 (en) * | 2005-08-09 | 2008-07-02 | Carrier Corporation | Automated drive for fan and refrigerant system |
US20070033957A1 (en) * | 2005-08-09 | 2007-02-15 | Carrier Corporation | Automated drive for fan and refrigerant system |
US7854136B2 (en) | 2005-08-09 | 2010-12-21 | Carrier Corporation | Automated drive for fan and refrigerant system |
US9109830B2 (en) | 2010-08-11 | 2015-08-18 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Low ambient cooling kit for variable refrigerant flow heat pump |
US9347700B2 (en) | 2010-08-11 | 2016-05-24 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Low ambient cooling kit for variable refrigerant flow heat pump |
US20160230331A1 (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2016-08-11 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Clothes treating apparatus and operating method thereof |
US10081902B2 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2018-09-25 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Controlling method for clothes dryer |
US10196774B2 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2019-02-05 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Controlling method for clothes dryer |
US10895035B2 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2021-01-19 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Controlling method for clothes dryer |
US9871357B2 (en) * | 2011-10-27 | 2018-01-16 | Prysmian S.P.A. | Systems and methods for cooling power transmission systems |
US20150207303A1 (en) * | 2011-10-27 | 2015-07-23 | Prysmian S.P.A. | System and method for cooling a power transmission system |
US20170167777A1 (en) * | 2014-03-21 | 2017-06-15 | Lennox lndustries Inc. | System for operating an hvac system having tandem compressors |
US10156396B2 (en) * | 2014-03-21 | 2018-12-18 | Lennox Industries Inc. | System for operating an HVAC system having tandem compressors |
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