US1296976A

US1296976A - Electrically-controlled apparatus.

Info

Publication number: US1296976A
Application number: US14511117A
Authority: US
Inventors: George I Leonard
Original assignee: LEONARD PUMP AND MOTOR CO
Current assignee: LEONARD PUMP AND MOTOR CO
Priority date: 1917-01-29
Filing date: 1917-01-29
Publication date: 1919-03-11
Anticipated expiration: 1936-03-11

Description

G. LEONARD. l ELECTRICALLY CONTROLLED APPARATUS.

I APPLICATIOH FILED JAN.29. 1911- 1,29,6,976.

` 4 SHEETS-SHEET I.

Patented Mar. 11, 1919.

G. I. LEONARD.

ELECTRICALLY CONTBOLLD APARATUS. APrucArxoN man 1AN.29.1911.

Patented Mar.A 11,1919.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

ffy@

. G. l. LEONARD.

ELECTRICALLY CONTROLLED APPARATUS. APPLICATION' msu 1m29. 1911.

Patented Mar. V11, V1919.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

@Wenz-57T' UNITED STAMENT OFFICE. q

GEORGE I. LEONARD, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOISpASSIGNOR T O LEONARD PUMP AND MOTOR CO., OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF MAINE.

ELECTRICALLY-CONTROLLED APPARATUS.

Specification ofvLetters Patent.

Patented nal. 1 1, 191.9.

Application filed January 29, 1917. Serial No. 145,111.

Vmostatic means, to perform the refrigerating function, though certain features of the invention may be used in other connections, itbeing my intention t0 claim all the features of my invention for all the uses to which they may be placed.

Some of my objects, specifically stated, are to provide improved electrically-operated means whereby the minimum amount of current may be used to control the operation of vthe electrically-control]ed mechanism through the medium ot' which a power-element, as for example, a pump which compresses the refrigerant, is operated. An-v other obj ect is to provide for the automatic cutting out of the contact-making and breaking device, usually a thermostat, in the case of a refrigerating system, immediately following its operation, and the effective energization of' the mechanism controlled thereby after Said device is cutout by supplying the latter with the current sufiicient to enpositively and effectively to automatically regulate the supplying of refrigerant to the coil, or chamber, to be cooled for maintaining the desired temperature therein; and other objects, as will be manifest from the following description.

Referring to the accompanyingdrawlngs, Figure 1 is a plan View of a portion of a refrigerating system in which my invention is incorporated, certain portions ofthe mechthe line -l on Fig. 1 and viewed in the direction of the arrow. Fig. 5 isa broken section ltaken at the line 5 on Fig. 3, and viewed in the direction of the arrow. Fig. this a section taken at the line (l on Fig. 3 and viewed in the direction of the arrow.' Fig. 7 is a section taken at the line 7 yon Figfl and viewed in the direction of the arrow. Fig. 8 is a section taken at the line 8 on Fig'. l and viewed in the direction of the arrow. Fig. 9 is a plan view of another portion of the refrigerating system. Fig. 10 is a View in elevation of' the structure shown in Fig.

. 9, this view showing the structure as viewed from the end 'thereot1 lowermost in 'Fig. 9. Fig. 11 is a section taken at the line 11 on Fig. 9 and viewed in the direction of' the arrow. Fig. 12 is a section taken at the line 12 on Fig. 10 and viewed in the direction of the arrow: and Fig. 13,' a. view', in the nature of' a diagram, showing the complete refrigerating system with the various electrical circuits and electrical apparatus by which the ope-ration of the pum-p for compressing the refrigerating medium., is automatically controlled.

l Referring first, to the refrigerating apparatus disclosed, and in connection with which I have chosen to illustrate my invention, it may be stated as a preface to the. following description that the system shown is. of a type involving a refrigerating coil located in the chamber to be cooled or in the desired close proximity thereto, a.' pump -in communication with the discharge-end of the retrigerating coil and adapted to receive the refrigerant in gasified condition after it has performed its work in the refrigerating coil, and compress 'the same -to liquef'y it, the refrigerant so liquefied passing into an expansionvalve which opens into the. inletend of the refrigerating coil, the pump being opera-ted by any suitable motive device, the operation of which is controlled electrically through the medium of a thermostat located, preferably, in the refrigerating chamber.

Referring to Fig. 13 the refrigerating 50 f to move alternately into electrical contact;

chamber above referred t-o, and which may be afchest, or the like, is represented at 20, and the refrigerating coil, localte-d therein, at 21. A pipe 22 leadsfiom the discharge end of the coil 21 vto the suction-side of a pump 23 which may be of any desirable type, as, for example, that involving intermeshing gears. thepulnp 23, which in the arrangement illustrated, is operated by an electricmotor 24, discharging into a condenser-chamber 25 cooled by water passed from a pipe 26 through a coil (not shown) in the chamber and discharged from this coil through a pipe 2T, thel water being supplied as hereinafter described, the condenserchamber being so constructed as to serve as a receptacle for the liquefied refrigerant.

The outlet-end of the condenser-chamber 25 connects with a pipe 28 provided with the usual expansion-valve 29 and communieating with the inlet-end of the coil 21, the arrangement of the parts just described be- -ing such in accordance with general praetice that when the pump 23 is dri-ven the refrigerating medium` such as sulfur dioxid is sucked in gasitied condition from the coil 21, into the pump 23 from which it discharges in compressed condition into the condenser 25 where it becomes liquefied and is forced into and through the expansion valve 29 into the coil 21, whel'e it expands and performs the refrigerating function, the, compressed refrigerant continuing to discharge through the expansion valve 29 into the coil 21 until the pressure at opposite sides of the valve 29. is equal, this result occurring only during the periods when the pump is idle under the control of the electrically-operated mechanism hereinafter described.

As usual in refrigerating systems where the operation of the pump for the refrigerant is controlled through the making and breaking of electrical contacts, a thermostatic device is provided, preferably, in the refrigerating chamber 20, this device. shown diagrammatically, being represented at 29 and involving a current-carrying member 30 so constructed, in accordance with common practice, that its outer end is caused with

stationary contacts

31 and 32, under changes in temperature, of the surrounding atn'iosphere, the thermostat-in the particular arrangen'ient illustrated being so constructed and arranged as to engage with the contact 32 when the temperature in the chamber 20 exceeds the desired amount and to engage the contact 31 when the, tempera` ture in'the chamber 20 becomes lowered Abeyond va predetermined amount.

In the particular system illustrated, which is designed for use with alternating current, the thermostat 29 serves to establish the desired circuits for controlling the operation of the motor 24 under variations in temperature in the chamber 20, through the medium of the electrically-operated devices of which the following is a description.

Referring particularly to Fig. 1 of thedrawings, 33 is a rock-shaft mounted in bearings 34 rising from a base 35 of insulating material, this shaft being equipped with an arm 36 provided at itsouter end with a block 37 of insulating material carrying a metallic yoke-shaped member 38 which is adapted, when the shaft 33 is in the positioncillustrated in Figs. l, 2 and 3, to be wedged in between a pair of

upright sprlngcontact fingers

39 and 40 secured, as by

screws

41 and 42 to a block 43 of insulating material secured to a plate 35aL of insulating material mounted on the base 35, the device just described constituting the switch for controlling the operation of the motor 24, as hereinafter described. The shaft 33 is also provided with a crank-arm 44 formed of two

sections

45 and 46, the section 45 being preferably of metal and the section-L6 which is connected with the section 45, as b v a pin 47 to be rigid therewith, being formed of insulating material. The lower extremity of the crank-arm 44 is provided with a pin 48 with its left-hand end as viewed in Fig. 1, of general V-sliape in cross-section, as represented in Fig. 3, this end of the pin coperating with the movable member 49 of a switch-device, for actuating said member in opposite directions, for the purpose hereinafter explained. The

.movable member 49 is in the form of a yoke at which it has pivotal support on a pin 50 mounted in a pair of spaced brackets 51 and 51a secured to, and rising from, the plate 35, said yoke-member being provided with the

contact arms

52, 53, 54 and 55, the arms and 53 being in alinernent, and the arms 5 4 and 55 in alinemen't as represented in Fig. l, and the members forming each pair of the arms thus provided, extending at an angle to each other, as represented in Fig. 3.

these contacts being' formed of a pair of spring-fingers, as represented of the contacts 56and 59 in Fig. 6.' The contacts 56,

5T, 58 and 59 are so arranged,

relative toA contacts

58 and 57 lwhen the movable mem-` ber 49 is in its other position, these stationary contacts being so constructed and ar- The plate -35El is provided with four switch-

contacts

56, 57, 58 and 59, each of ranged as shownas to permit the arms or blades of the movable member 49`to enter between them and disengage therefrom in the shifting of the member 49.

The wings 52 and 53 have shouldered portions 60 and 61, respectively, Iwhich extend alternately into the path of movement of the pin 48 when it is oscillated by thelrocking of the shaft 33. The pin 48 operates to initially move the member 49, the movement of the latter being completed, to make` the electrical contacts above stated, by the action of a spring 62 connected at its upper end with a pin 63 vertically adjustable in an apertured portion 64 of the bracket 52 and held in'adjusted position by a set-screw 65, the lower end of this spring engaging a notch 66in the upturned portion `67 at one end of the member 49, this notch being so positioned that it is in line with the pin 50, whereby under the downward pressure exerted by the spring 62, as soon as the member 49 has been rocked a slight distance beyond central osition in either direction the spring forcibly completes the swinging movement of the member, moving its arms into electrical engagement with the

arms

55 and 56 or 54 and 57, as the case may be, stops 68 and 69 arranged below the arms 52 and 53' operating to limit the turning movement of the member 49 in both directions. The shaft 33 is oscillated, in the particular construction illustrated, to move the arm 37 into and out of engagement with the

contacts

39 and 40 to make and break the circuit through the motor 24, and tomove the switch device formed of the

arms

52, 53, 54 and 55 into and out of engagement with the coperating contact-members 56 to 59, inclusive, respectively, as hereinbefore described to electrically connect together, alternately, the contacts at opposite sides of this switch device, by means of solenoid mechanism comprising a pairof coils 70 and 71 secured to the base 35 at opposite sides of the shaft 33,; and

cores

72 and 73 vertically reciprocable in the coils, respectively, and pivotally connectedl at their upper ends, through the medium of links 74, with arms 75 secured to and extending laterally from the shaft 33, to which arms the links 74 are pivotally connected, the arrangement being such that when the

coils

70 and 71 are alternately energized the shaft 33 will 'be oscillated. d

Mounted on a base 76 of insulating material, is a pair of vertically-

disposed'solenoid devices

77 and 78, each of these solenoid devices comprising a yoke-member 79 of magnetic material secured to the base 7 6, as through the mediuml of a AStrap 80; a pair of

coils

81 and 82 arranged in spaced relation and encircling the arms 79a of the yokes 79, respectively, the coils 81 being so constructed as to present relatively greater resistance to the passage of electrical current therethrough, than the coils 82; and

armatures

83 and 84 coperating with the cores 79n of the respective solenoid devices77 and 78. The

armatures

83 and 84 are mounted on

arms

85 and 86, respectively, of non-magnetic material, pivotally supported at their adjacent ends on a horizontally-extending pin 87a carried by the base 76, the construction and arrangement of. these parts being such that the armatures and the arms carrying them are free to rock independently of each other on the pivot 87 and under the action of gravity normally occupy the position illustrated in Fig. 9, in which position they bear against adjustable stop-

devices

87 and 88, respectively, carried by the base 7 6, the

arms

85 and 86, carrying contact-

members

89 and 90, respectively, lhaving lugs91 and 92 of insulating material. The

contactmembers

89 and 90 coperate with sets of contacts, arranged at opposite sides of the cores just described, and involving a contact-member 93 rising from the base 76, a contact-member 94 of springy material secured to the base through the medium of a screw 95 and normally engaging the contact 93 as represented in Fig. 9, a contact 96 secured to the base by the screw 95 and electrically connected with the contact 94, and

contacts

97, 98 and 99 of the same construction and arrangement as described of the

contacts

93, 94 and 96, respectively, the

contacts

98 and 99 being secured to the base 76 and in. electrical contact with each other by means of a screw 100. The lugs'91 and 92 are so related to the contact devices just described that when the armatures connected therewith are drawn upwardly by energizing the solenoids 7 7 and 78 these lugs will move the

contacts

94 and 98 out of engagement with the

contacts

93 and 97, respectively, and the

arms

89 and 90 will move into electrical contact with the

contacts

96 and 99, respectively,

According to the preferred illustrated embodiment of my invention the control mechanis'm for the motor 24 also involves the provision of a contact-member 101 secured to the plate 35a and having extremities 102 and 103, a stationary contact 104 secured to the plate 35, and

movable contacts

105, 106 and 107 adapted to coperate with the extremities 102 and 103 "of the contact 101 and with.

right in Fig. 1. The mechanism just described is provided for the purpose of effecting the breaking of the circuit through the motor 24, in the event that the motor is running, or prevent-ing the establishment of the circuit through the` motor, should for any reason the water supply to the condenser-chamber be discontinued or so reduced as to render the. continued operation of the appara-tus undesirable. -To this end` the right-hand end of the cylinder 113 in Fig. 1 is connected with a pipe 115 which opens into a pipe 116 leading from the source of water supply (not shown). for supplying water to the condenser-chamber 25 through the pipe 26. So long as. pressure continues in rthe pipe 116 the resistance of the spring 114 is overcome and the piston with the parts carried thereby is maintained in the position illustrated in Fig. 1 wherein contact 105 engages the contact-extremity 102 and the contact 107 engages the contact 104. At this stage of the description of the apparatus shown, it may be stated that theA pipe 26 opens into a valve-casing 117, shown as secured to the base 35, this, casing containing a. rotatable valve 118 connected at its stem 119 wit-h the shaft 33 through a coupler 120 and serving, through a p ort- 121 therein, to control communication-of the pipe 26 with apipe 122 connecting with the pipe 116. The parts described are so arranged that when the-shaft 33 is in a )osition wherein the motor-switchformed o t-he contacts and 40 is closed, the valve 118 will be open, thus establishing communication between the pipe 116V and the pipe 26, whereby water for the purpose of producino condensation of the gaseous refrigerant discharged into the chamber-25 by the operation of the pump in the chamber 23, will be caused to flow through the coil in the chamber 25 and discharge through the pipe 27, while the motor 24 is operating, the rocking of the shaft 33 to a position in-which the motor-switch referred to is opened, moving the valve 118 to closed position.

Referring more particularly to Fig. 13 the circuit Connections in the particular construction illustrated, are as follows: The main line wires leading from a source (not shown) of alternating current, are represented at 123 and 124, the-wire 123 being in electrical contact with the

arms

85 and 86 and also in electrical contact with the member 30 through the medium Aof a wire 125. The' wire 124 connects with one of the terminals of thel coil 70, the other terminal of which connects by a wire 126 with the stationary Contact 57, the wire 124 being connected with a wire 127 which connects with one of theterminals of the coil 71, the other terminal of this coil being connected with the contact 56 through the medium of a wire 128. A wire 129 connects with the stationary contact 31 of the thermostat and with one of the terminals of the high resista-nce coil 81 ofthe solenoid 77, the other terminal of this coil connecting by a wire 130, with the contact 93. A wire 131 connects the contact 32 of the thermostat with one of the terminals of the high resistance coil 81 of the solenoid 78, the other terminal of this coil being connected by a wire 132 with the stationary contact 97. One terminal of the low resistance coil 82 of the solenoid 77 connects by a wire 133 with the

contacts

94 and 96, the other terminal of this coil being connected b-yal wire 134 with the contact 105 on the rod 111. Y One of the terminals of the low resistance coil 82 of the solenoid 78 connects and 96 and at its opposite end with the contact 93, and the wire 142 being connected at one end with the

contacts

98 and 99 and at its opposite end with the contact 97, for the purpose of prevent-ing undue sparking at the contacts controlled by the

armatures

83 and 84. Themotor circuit comprises the main line Wires 143 and 144 which lead from any suitable source of current supply (not shown), the wire 143 being connected with the contact 39 and the wire 144 with the terminal 145 of the motor 24, and a wire 1464 connects with the other terminal 147 of the motor and with the contact 37.

1n the diagram abovel referred to the parts of the structure are in the position they assume when the movable member 30 of the thermostat is in electrical Contact with the contact 32, produced by the rise of temperature in the chamber 20 above that desired to be maintained -in'this chamber, and after the motor 24 has been set into operation forcompressing the refrigerant preparatory to its introduction into the coil 21 produced by the circulation of the refrigerant in the system, brought about by the opera-tion of the pump. According to this condition, the

lmotor-switch, including the members 37 and los tively, in engagement with `each other, owing to the pressure of the Water in the chamber 113, and the water is flowing through the pipe 116, pipe 26 and condenser-chanlber 25 and out. through the lpipe 27 to cool the gas discharged into thls chamber under the action of the pump operated by the motor 24 which is running. The operation of the pump as stated produces the circulation of the refrigerant in the system shown, the discharge of the liquid-refrigerant into the coil 21 being effected-through the expansion-valve 29. and this' operation of the. pump continues until the, temperature in the chamber 20 drops to such a degree therein as to cause the movable member 30 of the thermostat to move out of electrical conta-ct with the contact 32 and into engagement with the contact 31. As soon as the lastrcferred-to action has taken place the motor 24 is caused to stop and the supply of water to the condenser-chamber 25 is arrested. by establishing the following circuits:

From the wire 123 to wire 125. movable contact 30` contact 31, wire 129.'coil 81 of solenoid 77, wire 130, contact 93. contact 94, wire 133. low resistance coil 82 of the solcnoid, wire 134, contact. 105, contact 101. wire 138. contact thence through the movable switch-member of which the arms to inclusive, are parts. to contact 56, wire 128, lcoil 71. wire 127, and back `through wire 124.

The effect of thus energizing the solenoid 77 isto raise the arm 85 to break electrical contact between the cont-

acts

93 and 94 and establish electrical connection between the

contacts

89 and 96, for a purpose hereinafter described, in the particular arrangement illustrated the circuit 'breaking at 93 and 94 before a circuit is established at 89 and 96. It may here be stated tha-t while the current which is thus caused to traverse the

coils

81 and 82 also traverses the coil 71, the

coils

81 and 82 are so wound as to produce a combined resistance sufficient to prevent the coil 71 from'being energized to the required extent for rocking the. shaft 33 from "the position shown in Fig. 1, wherein the motor-switch is closed, to a4 position in which the motor-switch is open, though the resistance afforded by the

coils

81 and 82 is not suicent to prevent the operation of the armature 83, as stated. In the movement of thearmature 83 as aboi'e stated. by

reason of the disengagement of the

contactsA

93 and 94, the circuit 'in which the high resistance coil 81 of the `'solenoid 77 and the contact 31. are interposed, is broken, 4and by reason of the movement of the

contacts

89 and 96 into engagement with each other a circuit in which the low-resistance coil 82 is interposed, is established las follows: From wire 123 through arm 85, contact. 89,

contact 96y wire 133, coil 82 f solenoid 77, wire 134, contact 105, contact 101, wire 138, contact 59, across to contact 56, wire 128,. coil 71, wire 127 and back lthrough'wire 124. The current thus continues to tra-versc the coil .71, an-d by cutting out the coil 81 of solenoid 77 resistance in the circuit in which the. coil 71 is interposed is so reduced (the coil 82 being wound to effect this result), as-to permit suiilcient current to traverse the coil 'il to actuate the shaft 33. ctuationl of this shaft, as stated, operates to open, the switch for the motor 24 by swinging the member 37 out of engagementl with the

contacts

39 and 40 and si- 1nultaneousl \v therewith breaks the circuit between the

contacts

59 and 56 and electricall)Y connects together the

contacts

57 and 58. the actuation of the shaft 33, as stated, also turning thevalve 118 to a position in which the supply of water to the condensing chamber 25 is arrested. Inasmuch as the energization of the solenoid 77 is dependent on the

contacts

59 and 56 being` electrically connected together, the actuation of the shaft. as stated. automatically breaks the circuit through the solenoid coil 82 and thus' the armature 83 drops to normal position (Fig, 13). whereupon the

contacts

89 and 96 disengage and the contacts93 and 94 move into electrical contact with each other.4

The parts of the. apparatus remain in the positions just described until the temperature in the chest 20 rises to such adegree' that lthe movable member 30 of the thermostat shifts into engagement with'the contact 32` whereupon the solenoid 78 is energized `through the medium of the -two

coils

81 and 82 thereof to raisethe armature 84 which automatically cuts out the coil 81 and the thermostat, whereupon the current which then traverses the coil 70. rocks the sha-ft 33 to a position in which the motor-switch is closed and electrical contact is again established between the

contacts

56 and 59, the circuits established in this operation being as follows:

From wire 123 to 125,

contacts

30 and 32, wire. 131,'through coil 81 of solenoid 78, wire 132,

contacts

97, 98, wire 135, coil 82 of this solenoid, wire 136, contact 107, contact 104. wire 137, contact 58thence across to contact 57, wire 126, coil and back through wire 124.

'hen the armature 84 rises under the action of the solenoid 78 it breaks electrical contact between the

members

97 and 98, thus cutting out the coil 81 and the thermostat and makes electlrical connection* between the

contacts

90 and 99, the current the shaft 33 is in a stopped, and likewise the supplyv of waterturned on or shut off, respectively, to control the temperature in the chest 20. Furthermore, the only current that. flows through the thermostat is that which traverses both of the coils oithe

solenoid

77 or 78, as the case may be, and as the amount of current required to energize these solenoids sulficiently to draw their armatures to a position in which the contacts controlled thereby are operated, as hereinbefore described, is rela-.

tively slight, the combined resistance ofl these coils may be relatively high and thereby 'minimize danger to the

contacts

31 and 32 from the heating or corroding of the Same and from adhesion of the movable member 30 thereto, which sometimes occurs in the use of thermostats where relatively high currents traverse these contacts.

Furthermore, inasmuch as the operation.

of the respective solenoids and 71 for opening and closing the motor-switch, s1

\ multaneously breaks the circuit through the one of said solenoids which is operating, the traverse of the current from the Wires123 and 124 is momentary only, thus minimizing the amount of current required to op-v erate the apparatus.

The contact mechanism, portions of which are carried b y the rod 111, as hereinbefore stated, serves to a'ord means which operate automatically, should the supply of Water to the pipe 116 cease or become so reduced in pressure as not to be available for use, to prevent theactuation of the solenoid 70 for closing the motor circuit, should the shaft 33 be in a position in which the motorswitch is open, or actuate the solenoid mechanism 71 to open the motor-switch, when position in which this switch is closed, the circuits by means of which this operation is accomplished being as follows:

Assuming the apparatus to be in theposition illustrated in Fig. 13, in which the motor 24 is running, the movement of the rod 111 to the right in this ligure Will cause the contact 106 to engage the contact 101 at the extension 103, disengaging the contact 104 from the Contact 107 and the contact 105 from the contact 102, the current then passing throughvwire `123, Wire 125, through concoil 81 and causing a current to traverse the coil 71, of suclrintenslty as to actuate the latter and rock the shaft 33 to a positio-n in which the motor-switch is opened, whereupon the

contacts

57 and 58 become bridged vacross by the movable contact-member cooperating therewith. Should the water supply fail when the motor-switch is open and the temperature 'in Athe chest 20 rises to a degree which cause-s the. chamber 30 to engage the contact 432, no current can traverse the coil 70 to move the motor-switch to closed condition, as the circuit between the

contacts

104 and 107 is broken. There is thus provided automatically operating means which positively operate to prevent the operation of the pump when the supply of condensing medium to the apparatus is discontinued or reduced beyond the neeessary requirements and thereby dangers which would result. from the operation of' the apparatus with an insufficient supply of condensing medium, are avoided.

It is desirable that the

coils

81 and 82 of 9

solenoids

77 and 78 be so wound that the current traverses them in the same direction, as distinguished from traveling through one of these coils in one direction and the other of the coils in :mother direction, in Aorder that the current supplied to these coils produce the maximum magnetic effects.

Where the apparatus is to be actuated by direct current, the apparatus involving the

solenoids

77 and 78 would be dispensed with, and the contact 31 would be directly connected with the wire 134 and the contact 32 directly with the Wire 136, under which conditions the engagement of the movable contact-member 30 with the contact 31 would -energize the coil 71, to move the shaft 33 to a position in which the motor-switch is opened,-without first effecting the. circuitchanging operation, as explained of the construction shown in Fig. 13, and when, the movable contact 30 engages the contact 32 the coil 70 Will be directly energized to close the motor-switch Without the preliminary circuit-controlling operation required in the case of the arrangementl shown in Fig. 13.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. The combination -of an electrical circuit, a. circuit-making-and-breaking device in said circuit, a relay-operated switch device in said circuit, an electrically-controlled element in said circuit, a second circuit in.l which said element and a part only of the resistance in said first-named circuit are interposed, means actuated yby the energzation of said switch device to break said firstnamed circuit and cut out said circuit-making-and-breaking device and a portion of the resistance in said laSt-referred-to circuit, said electrically controlled element being constructed and arranged to be non-operative by the current traversing said rstnamed circuit with the full resistance interposed therein and be operative when the said portion of the resistance is cut out, anld means operated by the Vactuation of said electrically-controlled element for breaking said second-named circuit.

2. The combination of an electrical circuit, a circuit-making-and-breaking device in said circuit, a solenoid device formed of resistance elements both of which are normally in said circuit when the latter is closed by said first-named device. an electrically-controlled element in said circuit, a second circuit in which said last-named element and one of said resistance elements are interposed, means actuated by the energization ofV said solenoid device to break said first-named circuit to cut out said firstnamed device and the other of said resistance elements and close said second circuit to actuate said electrically-controlled element, and means actuated by said electrically-controlled element for breaking said second circuit.

3. The combination of an electrical circuit, a circuit-making-and-breaking device in said circuit, an electrically-operated switch device in said circuit, an electricallyoperated element in said circuit. a second circuit in which said electrically-operated element and a part only of the resistance in said first-named circuit is interposed,.means actuated by the energization of said switch` device to break said first-named circuit and cut out said first-named device and close said second circuit, said electrically-operated element being constructed and arranged to be non-operative by the current traversing said first-named circuit with the full resistance interposed therein and be operati-vc when the said portion of the resistance iscut out, and means operated by the actuation of said electrically-operated element for breaking said second-named circuit.

4. The combination of an electrically-controlled member, a switch device for controlling` the actuation of said member, electrically-controlled mechanisms for opening.,Irv

and closing said switch device. electricallycontrolled switch-devices. an electrical circuit in which one of said electrically-controlled switch-devices and one of said electrically-controlled mechanisms controlling the position of said first-named switch device are interposed, means for closing said circuit, a second circuit in which saidlast-referred-to electrically-controlled mechanism and a portlon only of the reslstance 1n said first-'named circuit, are interposed, a third circuit in which the other of said electrically-controlled switch-devices and the other of said electrically-controlled mechanisms controlling the position of said first-named switch-device, are interposed, means for closingi said last-named circuit, a fourth circuit in which said last-referred-to electr-ically-controlled mechanism controlling said first-named switch device and a portion only of the resistance in said first circuit, are interposed, and means actuated by the energization of said electrically controlled switch-devices, respectively, to break said first and third circuits, respectively," and close said second and fourth circuits, re-V spectively. 5. The combination of an electrically-controlled member. a switch-device for controlling the actuation of said member, electrically-controlled mechanism for opening and closing said switch device, electrically-controlled switch devices,4 an electrical circuit in which one o'f said electrically-controlled 'switch devices, and one of said electricallycontrolled mechanisms for controlling the position of said irst-named switch are interposed, means for closing said circuit, a second circuit in which the last-referre-d-to electrically-controlled mechanism and a ortion only of the resistance in said li)'st named circuit, are interposed, a third circuit in which the other of said electricallycontrolled switch devices and the other of` said electrically-controlled mechanisms ,controlling the position of said first-named switch device, are interposed, means for closing said third circuit, a fourth circuit in which said last-referred-to electrically-controlled mechanism controlling said firstnalned switch device and a portion only of the resistance in said first circuit, are interposed. means actuated by the energizati'on of said electrically-controlled switch devices,1'espectively, to break Said first and third cir' cuits, respectively, and to close said second and fourth circuits, respectively, and means actuated by the energization of said electrically-controlled mechanisms controllingthe position of said first-named switch device, to break said second and fourth circuits, respectively. f^

6. The combination of an electrically-controlled member, a switch device for controlling the actuation of said member, electrically-controlled mechanisms forvopening and closing said switch device, an electricallycontrolled switch device, an electrical circuit in which one of said electrically-controlled switch devices and one of said electrically'.- controlled mechanisms controlling the position of said yfirst-named switch device, are interposed, means for closing said circuit, a second circuit in which the last-referred to electrically-controlled mechanism and a porelectrically-controlled switch devices, respecy tively, to break said first and third circuits, respectively, and to close said second and fourth circuits, respectively, and a circuitopenin'g-and-closing device adapted to control all of said four circuits, said last-named device being actuated alternately by said electrically-controlled mechanisms and operating when one of the latter is actuated to break the circuit through the latter and move to a position in which the circuit through which the other of said electricallycontrolled mechanism is operated, is closed at this point preparatory to the closing of the last-referred-to circuit.

7. The combination of a switch device, an electrically-controlled element controlled by said switch-device, solenoid devices, means operated by said solenoid devices, .respectively, for opening and closing said switch device, relay devices each formed of resistance elements of dlfi'erent reslstances, an electrical circuit in which both resistance elements of one of said relay devices and one of said solenoid devices, are interposed, means for closing said circuit, a second circuit in which one only of the resistance elements of said last-referred-to relay devices and said last-referred-to solenoid device, are interposed, a third circuit in which the resistance elements of the other of said relay devices and the other of saidl solenoid devices, are

' interposed, means for closing said third circuit, afourthLcircuit in whlch one only of the reslstanceelements of said last-referredto relay dev1ce, and said last-referred-to solenoid device, argl interposed, means co-y operating with said relay devices and operating upon the actuation of the latter, respectively to break said first and third circuits aiid to close said second and fourth circuits, respectively, and a circuit-openingand-closing device actuated in opposite dif rections by said solenoid devices and Operating, when actuated by one of said solenoid devices, to break the circuit through the latter and to close the circuit at this point through the -other of said solenoid devices preparatory to closing of the circuit througlr said last-named solenoid device.

8. The combination of a thermostat having a pair of relatively fixed contacts, and

a movable contact adapted to alternately engage said fixed contacts, an electricallycontrolled member, a switch device for controlling the actuations of said member, electrically-controlled mechanisms for opening and closing said switch device, electricallycontrolled switch devices, an electrical circuit in which one of the fixed contacts of said thermostat, one of said electrically-controlled switch devices, one of said electrically-controlled mechanisms controlling the position of said first-named switch device, and a contact of said thermostat, are interposed, a second circ-uit in which said lastreferredto electrically controlled mechanism and a portion only of the resist-ance in said first-named circuit, are interposed, a third circuit in which the other of the fixed contacts of said thernjlostat, the other of said electrically controlledy switch devices, the other of said electrically-controlled mechanisms controlling the position of saidvfirstnamed switch device, and a movable contact of said thermostat, are interposed, a fourth circuit in which said last-referred-to electrically-controlled mechanism controlling said first-named switch device and a portion only of the resistance in said first circuit, are interposed, and means actuated by the energization of said electrically-controlled switch devices, respectively, to break said yfirst and third circuits, respectively, thereby breaking the circuit through the thermostat, and to close said second and fourth circuits, respectively.

9. The combination of a thermostat having a pair of relatively fixed contacts, and a movable contact adapted to alternately engage said fixed contacts, an electrically-controlled member, a switch device for controlling the actuations of said member, electrically-controlled mechanisms for opening and closing said switch device, electricallycontrolled switch devices, an electrical circuit in which one of the fixed contacts of said thermostat, one of said electricallycontrolled switchdevices, one of said electrically-controlled mechanisms controlling the position of said first-named switch device, and a contact of said thermostat, are

interposed, a second circuit in which said last-referred-to electrically-controlled mechanism and a portion only of the resistance in said first-named circuit, are interposed, a third circuit in which the other of the fixed contacts of said thermostat, the other of said electrically-controlled switch devices, the other of said electrically-controlled mechanisms controlling the position of said firstnamed switch device, and a movable contact of said thermostat, are interposed, a fourth circuit in which said last-referred-to electrically-controlled mechanism controlling'said first named switch device and a portion only of the resistance in said first circuit, are interposed, means actuated by the energization of said electrically-controlled switch devices, respectively, to break said first and third circuits, respectively,

thereby breaking the circuit through theA thermostat and to close said second and fourth circuits, respectively, and means actuated by energization of said electrically-- controlled mechanisms controlling the positionof said first-named switch device to break said second and fourth `circuits, respectively.

10. The combination of an electricallycontrolled member, a switch device for controlling the actuation of said member, elecf trically-controlled mechanisms for opening and closing said switch device, electricallycontrolled switch devices, an electrical circuit in which one of said electrically-controlled switch devices and one of said electrically-controlled mechanisms controlling the position of said first-named switch device are interposed, means for closing said circuit, a second circuit in which said lastreferred-to electrically-controlled mechamsm and a portion only of the resistance in Said first-named circuit, are interposed, a third circuit in which the other of said electrically-controlled switch devices and the other of said electrically-controlled mechanisms controlling the position of said first-named switch device, yare interposed, means for closing said last-named circuit, a fourth circuit in which said last-referred- Ato electricall -controlled mechanism controlling said rst-named switch device and a portion only of the resistance in said first circuit are interposed, and means actuated by the energization of said electrically-controlled switch devices, respectively, to break said iirst and third circuits, respectively, and to close said second and fourth circuits, respectively, and a circuit-opening-and-closing device adapted to control all of said four circuits, said last-named device being actuated alternately by said electrically-controlled mechanisms and operating when one of the latteris actuated to break the circuit through the latter and move to a position 1n which the circuit through which the 4other of said electrically-controlled,

mechanisms'is operated, is closed at this point preparatory to the closing of the lastreferred-to circuit by the operation of the said circuit-closing means.

11. The combination of a thermostat having relatively. stationary contacts and a movable contact adapted to move into and out of engagement alternately with said stationary contacts, a switch device, an electrically-controlled element controlled bysaid switch device, solenoid devices, means operated by said solenoid devices, respectively, for opening and closing said switch device,' relay devices, each formed of resistance elements .of different resistances,

Y movable contact of said thermostat, are iny terposed, a fourth circuit in which one only of the resistance elements of said last-referred-to relay device and said last-referredto solenoid device, are interposed, means cooperating with said relay devices and operating upon the. actuation of the latter, respectively, cuits, there y breaking the circuit through said thermostat, and to close said second and fourth circuits, respectively, and a circuito ening-and-closing device actuated in opposite directions by said solenoid devices and operating when actuated, by one of said solen-oid devices, to break the circuit through the latter and to close the circuit at this point through the other of said solenoid devices preparatory to the movement ofthe movable contact of the thermostat into engagementl with the stationary contact thereof coperatin with the said last-referred-to solenoid evice. f

GEORGE I. LEONARD.

to break said first and third cir-