US11224845B2 - System, method, and apparatus to oxygenate water - Google Patents
System, method, and apparatus to oxygenate water Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US11224845B2 US11224845B2 US17/247,578 US202017247578A US11224845B2 US 11224845 B2 US11224845 B2 US 11224845B2 US 202017247578 A US202017247578 A US 202017247578A US 11224845 B2 US11224845 B2 US 11224845B2
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- water
- mixing chamber
- oxygenator
- air inlet
- baffles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/30—Injector mixers
- B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
- B01F25/313—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
- B01F25/3131—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit with additional mixing means other than injector mixers, e.g. screens, baffles or rotating elements
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- B01F5/0451—
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/74—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with air
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
- B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
- B01F23/232—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles
- B01F23/2323—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles by circulating the flow in guiding constructions or conduits
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
- B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
- B01F23/232—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles
- B01F23/2323—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles by circulating the flow in guiding constructions or conduits
- B01F23/23231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles by circulating the flow in guiding constructions or conduits being at least partially immersed in the liquid, e.g. in a closed circuit
- B01F23/232312—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles by circulating the flow in guiding constructions or conduits being at least partially immersed in the liquid, e.g. in a closed circuit the guiding constructions being baffles for guiding the flow up-and-down or from left-to-right
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
- B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
- B01F23/237—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media
- B01F23/2376—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media characterised by the gas being introduced
- B01F23/23761—Aerating, i.e. introducing oxygen containing gas in liquids
- B01F23/237611—Air
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
- B01F25/4316—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor the baffles being flat pieces of material, e.g. intermeshing, fixed to the wall or fixed on a central rod
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/433—Mixing tubes wherein the shape of the tube influences the mixing, e.g. mixing tubes with varying cross-section or provided with inwardly extending profiles
- B01F25/4336—Mixers with a diverging cross-section
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- B01F3/04524—
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F7/00—Aeration of stretches of water
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- B01F2003/04879—
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- B01F2005/0005—
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- B01F2005/0025—
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- B01F2005/004—
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F2025/91—Direction of flow or arrangement of feed and discharge openings
- B01F2025/911—Axial flow
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F2025/91—Direction of flow or arrangement of feed and discharge openings
- B01F2025/916—Turbulent flow, i.e. every point of the flow moves in a random direction and intermixes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F2025/91—Direction of flow or arrangement of feed and discharge openings
- B01F2025/919—Direction of flow or arrangement of feed and discharge openings characterised by the disposition of the feed and discharge openings
- B01F2025/9191—Direction of flow or arrangement of feed and discharge openings characterised by the disposition of the feed and discharge openings characterised by the arrangement of the feed openings for one or more flows, e.g. for the mainflow and the flow of an additional component
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
- B01F2101/305—Treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
- B01F2101/35—Mixing inks or toners
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- B01F2215/0052—
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
- B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
- B01F23/237—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media
- B01F23/2376—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media characterised by the gas being introduced
- B01F23/23761—Aerating, i.e. introducing oxygen containing gas in liquids
- B01F23/237612—Oxygen
Definitions
- the present invention relates to water oxygenation, and more particularly to oxygenation of water sources in a retention reservoir for discharge to a waterway.
- Water retention reservoirs are employed for many industrial processes to contain water used in the industrial process for subsequent treatment before the contained water is discharged into a waterway. Oxygenation of the contained water is a common treatment that is required for protection of the environment.
- Discharge of improperly oxygenated water into a waterway is deleterious to the environment.
- States and other jurisdictions may specify a minimum oxygen content for water discharged into a waterway within the jurisdiction. Failure to meet a specified oxygen content can result in significant fines and interruption of plant operation.
- oxygenation technologies include mechanical drivers, agitators, fountains, and bottom diffusion aerators. These oxygenation technologies can be expensive and often require extended temporal periods to properly elevate the dissolved oxygen level to a level that is suitable for discharge into a waterway.
- a water oxygenator in one aspect of the present invention, includes an elongate cylindrical tube having a first end, a second end, an outer sidewall defining a main mixing chamber within an interior cavity of the elongate cylindrical tube.
- a plurality of baffles is disposed in a spaced apart relation along a longitudinal length of the main mixing chamber.
- a water inlet is provided at the first end. The water inlet is adapted to be coupled to a source of water contained in a retention reservoir. The water inlet has a diameter less than a diameter of the elongate cylindrical tube.
- a water outlet is provided at the second end and has a diameter less than diameter of the elongate cylindrical tube.
- a first frusto-conical sidewall connects the water inlet with the outer sidewall.
- the frusto-conical sidewall defines an initial mixing chamber.
- An air inlet tube protrudes through the first frusto-conical sidewall into the initial mixing chamber.
- the air inlet tube is adapted to be coupled to a high-volume, low-pressure air source.
- each of the plurality of baffles further include a rectangular plate.
- An arcuate edge surface is defined along first opposed ends of the rectangular plate.
- a generally linear side edge is defined along second opposed ends of the plate.
- Each of the plurality of baffles are attached to an interior sidewall of the elongate cylindrical tube at the arcuate edge surface.
- Each of the plurality of baffles may be radially offset from each other along a longitudinal length of the main mixing chamber.
- the air inlet tube further includes an injector defined at a distal end of the air inlet tube.
- the injector is oriented to project in a downstream direction along a longitudinal centerline of the initial mixing chamber.
- An upstream side of the injector and the air inlet tube are oriented to obstruct a water flow from the source of water to introduce a turbulent zone at an exit of the injector within the initial mixing chamber.
- a second frusto-conical sidewall connects the outer sidewall with the water outlet.
- a system for oxygenating a source of water held within a containment reservoir includes a water oxygenator formed as an elongate cylindrical tube having a first end, a second end, an outer sidewall defining a main mixing chamber within an interior cavity.
- a water inlet is provided at the first end.
- a fluid outlet is provided at the second end and configured to discharge a flow of oxygenated water from the water oxygenator.
- a plurality of baffles is contained within the interior cavity and are disposed in a spaced apart radially offset relation along a longitudinal length of the elongate cylindrical tube.
- a first frusto-conical sidewall connects the water inlet with the elongate cylindrical tube and defines an initial mixing chamber therein.
- An air inlet tube projects through the first frusto-conical sidewall into the initial mixing chamber.
- a water pump configured to communicate the source of water from the containment reservoir to the water inlet.
- An air source is configured to deliver high volume, low pressure air flow to the air inlet tube.
- each of the plurality of baffles include a rectangular plate.
- An arcuate edge surface is defined along first opposed ends of the rectangular plate.
- a generally linear side edge is defined along second opposed ends of the rectangular plate.
- each of the plurality of baffles are attached to an interior sidewall of the elongate cylindrical tube at the arcuate edge surface.
- An injector is defined at a distal end of the air inlet tube. The injector is oriented to project in a downstream direction along a longitudinal centerline of the initial mixing chamber.
- an upstream side of the injector and the air inlet tube are oriented to obstruct a water flow from the source of water to introduce a turbulent zone at an exit of the injector within the initial mixing chamber.
- a second frusto-conical sidewall connects the outer sidewall with the fluid outlet.
- FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of a water oxygenator.
- FIG. 2 is a partial cutaway view of the water oxygenator taken along lines 2 - 2 of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 3 is a detail cross sectional view of an inlet end of the water oxygenator taken along line 3 - 3 of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a water oxygenation system.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a water oxygenation process.
- a water oxygenator 10 of a water oxygenation system is illustrated.
- the water oxygenator 10 shown is a water-driven device, in the sense that its operation is only dependent on a flow of water through 100 the water oxygenator 10 and a flow of an oxygen containing gas 120 through an inlet 40 into the water oxygenator 10 .
- the water oxygenator 10 is formed as an elongate cylindrical tube having a water inlet 30 at a first end, a water outlet 50 at a second end, and an air inlet tube 40 proximal to the first end.
- the elongate cylindrical tube has an outer sidewall 20 defining a mixing chamber 60 within an interior cavity of the water oxygenator 10 .
- the mixing chamber 60 includes a plurality of baffles 70 that are disposed in a spaced apart relation along a longitudinal length of the interior cavity.
- Each of the water inlet 30 and the water outlet 50 may include a frusto-conical tapered sidewall 22 connecting to the outer sidewall 20 of the water oxygenator.
- the tapered sidewall 22 is formed by diverging sidewalls from the water inlet 40 to the outer sidewall 20 .
- the tapered sidewall 24 is formed by converging sidewalls between the outer sidewall 20 and the water outlet 50 .
- Attached proximal to the water inlet 30 is a smaller air inlet tube 40 that provides an inlet portal for a high-volume, low-pressure air source (generally provided by a turbine 120 ).
- This air-inlet 40 connects to an initial mixing chamber 62 in communication with the mixing chamber 60 of the interior cavity of the water oxygenator 10 .
- the air inlet tube 40 protrudes through the frusto-conical sidewall 62 and extends into a longitudinal centerline of the initial mixing chamber 62 , terminating in an injector 42 at a distal end of the air inlet tube 40 .
- the injector 42 is dimensioned to open towards the mixing chamber 60 with a downstream orientation.
- the injector 42 is angled generally perpendicular to a water flow 80 carried through the water inlet 30 .
- An upstream side of the injector 42 and the air inlet tube 40 are oriented to obstruct the incoming water flow 80 to introduce a turbulent zone at the exit of the injector 42 into the interior cavity.
- Each of the plurality of baffles 70 are formed as a generally rectangular plate having arcuate ends 72 to mate and join with an interior sidewall of the mixing chamber 60 . Fluid flow through the mixing chamber 60 is provided between a side edge 74 of each of the plurality of baffles 70 offset from the arcuate ends and the interior sidewall of the mixing chamber 60 .
- the arcuate ends 72 of the baffles 70 may be welded to the mixing chamber 60 .
- the orientation of each of the plurality of baffles 70 are disposed in a radially offset relationship, preferably at 90 degree angles, leaving a space between each side edge 74 and the interior sidewall of the mixing chamber 60 .
- Operation of the water oxygenator 10 may be seen in reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 , which harnesses the power of a water flow 80 through the water oxygenator 10 to mix with and to extract oxygen present in the air source 90 .
- the water flow 80 and the air flow 90 mix in a plurality of turbulence zones defined throughout the water oxygenator 10 .
- An initial turbulence zone is present at the juncture of the water 80 and the air flow 90 from the water inlet tube 40 , and each of the plurality of baffles 70 within the mixing chamber 60 .
- the plurality of turbulence zones increases the dissolved oxygen content of the water flow 80 for discharge in an environmentally compliant condition.
- a process of oxygenating a water source retained in a containment reservoir according to other aspects of the present is shown in reference to FIG. 5 and includes the following:
- the basic structure of the water oxygenator 10 may remain the same but the water oxygenator 10 may be made of alternative materials, such as aluminum or steel, depending on the intended application and flow volumes.
- Advantages of the system include: 1. Low construction cost; 2. Ease of use; 3. Scalability; 4. Low energy consumption; 5. Minimal moving parts; 6. Simplicity (only water and air required); 7. Wide application; and 8. High output.
- the system may include a water containment reservoir 200 , containing a volume of water 100 having a lowered oxygen content.
- a water pump 110 communicates the water 100 from the containment reservoir 200 to the water inlet 30 of the water oxygenator 10 .
- a low pressure, high volume air source 120 which may be provided by a turbine or the like, supplies air 90 to the air inlet tube 40 of the water oxygenator 10 . After passage through the water oxygenator 10 , high oxygen content water is discharged from the outlet 50 in an environmentally compliant condition.
- the water oxygenator and oxygenation system is effective in significantly elevating the dissolved oxygen content of the water in the retention reservoir for discharge into a waterway.
- the foregoing results were obtained with a water oxygenator 10 having a water inlet 30 of 3 inches, a diameter of 5 inches along the sidewall 60 , and a water outlet diameter of 3 inches.
- the water flow 80 through the water oxygenator was maintained at a nominal flow of 100 gallons per minute.
- the air flow 90 through the water oxygenator 10 was maintained at a nominal flow of 50 SCFM at a pressure of 4 psi.
Abstract
Description
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- 1)
Water 100 from a containment reservoir is delivered via apump 110 to enters thewater inlet 30 of thewater oxygenator 10 through thewater inlet 30. - 2) An
air source 120, such as a turbine, generates a steady, high volume of the air flow 90 at a low pressure, is operatively connected to enter through theair inlet tube 40. - 3) The water 80 and air 90 come together in the first mixing chamber 62, creating the initial turbulence zone. As the water 80 flows into the elongate tube of the mixing
chamber 60 it begins to mix with oxygen carried in the air source 90. - 4) The force of the water flow 80 at a point of impact with each of the plurality of
baffles 70 generates a pressure and additional turbulence which forces the water 80 to flow around the side edges 74 of thebaffle 70. Turbulence at the back side of thebaffle 70 creates a low-pressure void for oxygenation of the water.
- 1)
Retention | Discharge Water | |||
Reservoir Water | Dissolved Oxygen | |||
Units | Conditions | After Treatment | ||
Dissolved Oxygen (ppm) | 0.14 | 7.05 | ||
pH | 7.1 | — | ||
Temperature (° C.) | 24.6 | — | ||
Dissolved Oxygen (ppm) | 0.27 | 7.31 | ||
pH | 7.1 | — | ||
Temperature (° C.) | 24.7 | — | ||
Dissolved Oxygen (ppm) | 0.31 | 7.30 | ||
pH | 7.1 | |||
Temperature (° C.) | 24.3 | |||
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US17/247,578 US11224845B2 (en) | 2020-01-24 | 2020-12-17 | System, method, and apparatus to oxygenate water |
US17/648,049 US11628411B1 (en) | 2020-01-24 | 2022-01-14 | System, method, and apparatus to oxygenate water |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US202062965335P | 2020-01-24 | 2020-01-24 | |
US17/247,578 US11224845B2 (en) | 2020-01-24 | 2020-12-17 | System, method, and apparatus to oxygenate water |
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US17/648,049 Continuation US11628411B1 (en) | 2020-01-24 | 2022-01-14 | System, method, and apparatus to oxygenate water |
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US20210229050A1 US20210229050A1 (en) | 2021-07-29 |
US11224845B2 true US11224845B2 (en) | 2022-01-18 |
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US17/648,049 Active US11628411B1 (en) | 2020-01-24 | 2022-01-14 | System, method, and apparatus to oxygenate water |
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Cited By (1)
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US11628411B1 (en) * | 2020-01-24 | 2023-04-18 | Terry M. White | System, method, and apparatus to oxygenate water |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US11224845B2 (en) * | 2020-01-24 | 2022-01-18 | Terry M. White | System, method, and apparatus to oxygenate water |
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2020
- 2020-12-17 US US17/247,578 patent/US11224845B2/en active Active
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2022
- 2022-01-14 US US17/648,049 patent/US11628411B1/en active Active
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US3119704A (en) * | 1961-12-04 | 1964-01-28 | Dow Chemical Co | Preparation of aerated cementitious products |
US3657087A (en) * | 1969-07-24 | 1972-04-18 | John W Scott | Method for oxidizing a mercaptan compound dispersed in air |
US3761066A (en) * | 1971-09-08 | 1973-09-25 | C Wheeler | Inline water carbonator |
US3928199A (en) * | 1971-09-20 | 1975-12-23 | Airco Inc | Gas absorption system and method |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US11628411B1 (en) * | 2020-01-24 | 2023-04-18 | Terry M. White | System, method, and apparatus to oxygenate water |
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US11628411B1 (en) | 2023-04-18 |
US20210229050A1 (en) | 2021-07-29 |
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