US1115853A - Exhaust-silencer for engines. - Google Patents

Description

H. P. MAXIM. EXHAUST SILENOER FOR ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 23, 1910. 7

Patented Nov. 3, 1914.

Inventor.-

by wwvw W i I m ynnrinn rarni rr onrien.

. rnRcYiMAXna, HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.

nxnAusr-sinnnona non ENGINES:

I ToaZZ w Zzomitmay co r Be it known that 1, man PERCY AlAXIIl I, "E""en.o f th.e United States,res1d1ng in 7 I r l w invented certain new-rand useful Improve ments inEXhaiist-"S lencers for Engines, of

which the following is a specification, referen'ce beinghad to the accompanying drawn'igs, forminga part hereof.

.10; This. invention relates to the handling'of the exhaust of engines in which the pressure 'dilierential between theflcylinder jarfd the atmosphere is so great that each-exhaustpuff or impulse produces an objectionable noise, particularly as in internal combustion engines of ordinary type, and has for its .obj.ect to reduce the noise of-tlhe exhaust and also to assistthe clearing out of the dead gases after each explosion, in internal} combustion engines; Various' devices for molding the exhaust of internal combustion. and other engines have been devisedand are in use, but all of 'suchi:devices,so far as is.

the exhaust between the explosion im-.-

' pulseshas been lost sight of; altogether and it hasloeen' proposed to use only axial-flow turbines, which are incapable-of operating to augment the exhaust between the impulses, so that such turbine mufilers hereto l 40 fore produced, oiier at all times more or less resistance and therefore create more or less back pressure. In accordance with the present invention, however, thesame device which operates to silence the noise of explosion, operates also to augment thefexhaust between the explosion impulses, the

energy which is storedup in the silencing device by. each impulse of explosion serving to operate the same device between theimpulses to augment the exhaust." The pai ticular form of device whichis thus capable of performing this double function, .not heretofore recognized as desirable or even possible," is a radialflow turbine which is interposed in the exhaust and, being Specification of Letters l atent. aapneationfiled November 28, 1910. Serial No. 594,490.

State :of' Connecticut, have tical form and in which independent of and unconnected with the" engine shaft. anddriven by the explosion impulses, continues to rotate between the impulses by the-kinetic energy stored therein without regard to the speed of the en Patented Nov. 3, 1914..

gine and, through centrifugal action, maintains the forward-movement of the exhaust [The invention will bemore fully eX- plained hereinafter 'with reference to the accompanying drawingsin" which it is illustrated as embodied in a convenient and prac Figure l is a viewin elevation, showing a portion ofan-internal combustion engine of 'an-' ordinary type equipped with the invention. Fig. "2 is a detail view, partly in longitudinal section, showing an approved construction of the silencing devices. Fig. 3 1s a view in transverse section on the planeindicated by the line 3-3 of Fig. 2., I In the drawingsthere is indicated at a so much of an internal'combustion engine of ordinary form as-is necessary to enable the invention to 'be understood. .At any con venient point,'but preferably. in reasonably close proximity to the engine cylinder or cylinders, there" is connected to the exhaust pipe 6, a silencer c which comprises, es'sentially, ,one or more radial flow" turbine wheelsd, unconnectedwitli the engine shaft and mountedto rotate independentlythere- -of.. "The structure shown in the drawings has been devised with special reference, to

economical manufacture, being made in sec '-tions which can be secured together readily in any desired number to suit the particular conditions of use.- The silencingdeviceshown is composed of an inlet section 6, Q-

a discharge-section f, and three identical intermediate sections 9. =The inlet -'sectione consists of a .fianged ring e and a head or cap 6 which is suitably formed to be joined to the exhaust pipe I). The discharge sec tion f comprises a' plate -f. which may be a part of a castingfy which supports the bearings for the sha t of the turbine. wheels'as hereinafter described,' the plate f." being formed with'afiange f to which maybe securedtheplate 7 having a central open-. ing The chamber which is thus formed between the 'plate' 7 and the plate. f is'provided with a'suitable outlet 7". Each of the gasesin the same. direction as that-in which they move to rotate the turbine.

intermediate sections 9- comprises a plate or wall g which be transverse with respect to theshaft and have acentral open- .ing g 'and a flange 9 All of these parts are so formed as to be capable of being se- 5 cured together readily as-indicated in the drawings. v v

' The standard f which supports the end plate f, is provided with suitable bearings h, 71. in which is mounted a shaft hf which carries the radial-flow turbine wheel or l wheels (1,. d, (P. The first wheel d and the last wheel d if'two or more wheels are required, arepreferably specially. formed, as 1 shown, while the intermediate wheels (5 are formed alike. The first wheel dcomprises a 'fianged body or drum d .a web d and blades (i whichare generally'radial in arrangement, although theyare preferably curved somewhat as shown. A conical cap d ,'secured.to the drum d directs. the incoming gases outward towardand between the blades (P. :The wheel-(Z is in general.

similarly formed, with a drum or body d and blades-(Z the plate dtbeing inthis case. provided with a webbed-hub d -,by which this wheel and the others carried by it are mounted upon the shaft it; Each of the intermediate'wheels g likewise comprises a drum or body (Z a web or plate (i and 3c blades (Z The several wheels are so formed that they can be bolted together "readily in any. required number. As will'be noted the;

plate orweb d offeach wheel 'e'xcep tthe last preferably stands about midway in the chamher in which it is located, and its outside diameter is less than that of'such chamber,

so that the'exhaust gaseswhich have passed V between the blades of each wheel may then pass over the periphery of theweb orplate 4o d tothe opening 9 of the next dividing wall g in proper relation to the blades d of the next turbinewheel. i A v 7 It has been stated above that the turbine .wheels are practically identical, but it will be understood that in aflixing the spirally "curved blades to each wheel, the blades of each successive wheel preferably have a greater. pitch than those of the preceding wheel so that each wheelshall have the same rotative effect notwithstanding the reduction in the velocity of the exhaust gases atysucceeding wheels. I

It will now be understood that in the operation of the silencer the exhaust-gases,v passing between the blades or vanes ,of the:

turbine wheels, cause such wheels to rotate and as the wheels are comparatively heavy; they acquire considerable momentum so-that their rotation is continued at a high speed '60 between exhaust impulses without regard to the speed of the engine. The energy of the exhaust gases, at each impulse, is absorbed to a considerable degree in rotating the vwheels so that such gases eventually issue 'tion plate provided with a. central opening,

or accelerates the exhaustion of the dead gases from the cylinder after the passage of the high pressure impulses It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form and details of construction shown in the drawings, but that the same may bechanged to suit diiferso out conditions of use; e I claim as my invention:

' 1. An exhaust silencer adapted for use withgas vengines. and so forth comprising a cylindrical shell built up of units each comprising a flange and a substantially trans- ;verse partition plate provided with a central opening-and forming aseries of chambers withinsaid shell, a built-upradial flow turbine cooperating with said casing and comprising a series of units each comprising a central drum, an attached radial web and spiral turbine blades cooperating with'one of the'parti tionplates in each of said chambers I and leav ng free the circumferential portion 90 of said chamber in communicationthrough the-central opening'in the' opposite partition plate with the succeeding chamber, a connec 'tion, to admit exhaust gasesto one end of said ,casing adjacent I the central portion thereof and a conical cap in the-path of 'said' gases to spread and direct them through the blades of the first turbine of said series.

2. An. exhaust" silencer adapted for I use with gas engines and so forth comprising a cylindrical shell built up of units each com prising a flange and 'a' substantially transverse partition plate provided with a central I .opening, and forming a. series of chambers within said shell, a built-up radial flow turbine cooperating with said casing and comprising a series of units each comprising an attached radial web and spiral turbine blades cooperating with one of the partition plates ineach of said chambers "and leaving free the circumferential portion of said chamber in communication through the centralopening in the opposite partition plate with'the succeeding .chamber, a connection to admit exhaust gases to one end of said casing.-

, 3. An exhaust silencer adapted for use with gas engines and so forth comprising a shell built up of units each comprising a flange and a substantially transverse partiand forming a series of chambers within saidshell, a bu1lt-up radial flow turbine cooperating with said caslng and comprising a .r tial portion. of "said chamber in communicaa series of units each comprising an -at tached radialweb and spiral turbine blades plate-with the succeeding chamber.

leaving free the circumferential portion of said chamberiin communication through the central opening in the. opposite partition 4.1km erghafush silencer adapted for use with gas engines and so forth comprising a shell built up of units each comprising a- '-iia-nge-and a partitionpla'te provided with a central opening, and forming a series-of chambers within said shell, a turbine co operating with said casing and comprising 'with the succeeding chamber.

a series of units each comprising an at} tached radial wveband turbine blades leaving' free the'ci'rcumferential portionofsaid chamber in communication through the cen tral opening inhthe 'oppositepartitio'n plate 5. An exhaust silenceradapted for use,

with'gas engines and so forth comprising a cylindrical shellcomprising flanges and substantially transverse partition, plates each provided with a central opening and said casing and comprising a central drum',

forming acseries of chambers Within said shell, a; radial flow turbine codperating with attached radial webs and spiral, turbine blades 'coiiperating with one of the partition platesin each of said chambers "and leaving free the circumferential portionof said chamber in communication through the central-opening in the opposite plate-with the succeeding chamber, a fconnectiontg adr-mit exhaust gases to one end of said "casing adjacent the 'central portion thereof and a- A conical -cap in the path of said gases to it spread and direct them through the blades of the first turbine-of said series.

6. An exhaust silencer adapted for use with gasenginesand so forth comprising a cylindrical shell: comprising flangesand subposite partition plate with .the succeeding chamber, a connection to admit exhaust withgasengines and so'forth comprising a.

"stantially transverse partition plates each provided with -a central opening and form- 'ing aseriesof chambers within said shell, a

I radial :flow turbine cooperating with said I'casing and comprisingattached'radial webs "YIAnFexhaust silencer adapted for shell comprising flanges and substantially j transverse ipartition plates each provided v ries of chambers. --within said shell, a radial with a central opening and forming a seflow turbine cooperating with said casii'i leaving free the circumferential portion ofcentral opening in the opposite partition plate with the succeeding chamber.

-8.JA1i'eXhaust silencer adapted for use with gas engines and so forth comprising 'a shell, comp-rising partition plates each provided Witha central-opening and forming ase'ries of chambers within said shell, a turbine cooperating with said casing to be substantiallycoaxial with said openings and comprising turbine blades and leaving free a portion ofsome of said chambers in commun1cat1on'through the central opening in the opposite partition plate with the suc ceeding chamber.

9. Anexhaust silencer adapted for use with gas engines and-so forth comprising a shell comprising substantially transverse partition plates each provided with a central opening and forming a series of cham= bers within said shell a radial flowturbine coijperating with said casing and compris mg spiral turbine blades and leaving free the circumferential portion of each of said chambers in communication through the central opening in the opposite partition plate with the succeeding chamber, said blades having an increasingly greater pitch in-the successive chambers through which the exhaust passes. I I Q10. exhaust silencer adapted for use with'gas engines and so forth comprising a cylindrical shell provided with substantially transverse partition plates provided with central: openings-to form a series of-cham- 'ber s in said shell, a rotating drum'mounted and then rad-ialllv inward on the other side within said shell and having webs extendf l ing ,withineach of said chambers and leav- "ing free the circurnferential portions of said 1 chambers to direct the exhaust material outward't-hrough each chamber around the web to the succeeding chamber "and a series of j I spiral curvedi vanes on jeach. of saidi'webs 1 forming narrow spiral, channels throughwhich the exhaust passes in its radial pas sages, said vanes hav ng --an increasinglyg eater pitch in thes uccessive chambers through which the exhaustpasses. 2

1 11; exhaust'silencer'jyadap-ted for. use

:with gas engines andls'o; forth comprising a r shell. provided with partition plates pro vided'with central openings 'to form a setending within each ofsaid;chambersland" ries of chambers insa'idshelh adrum mounted within said shell'and having webs 6X? 12b leaving free the circumferential portions of I said chambers to direct the exhaust material outward through each'chamber around the web then radially inward} on the other side of-sa-id web and through the-central opening to the succeeding chamber and a seand comprislng spiralturbine blades an r es of spiral curved vanes'on each of said webs forming narrow spiral through-- which the exhaust passesjinits channels.

radial passages, said vanes havinga'n in creasinglygreater pitch-inithe successive chambers through which the exhaust fpasses.

12. An.- exhaust silencer adapted 1' use with gas engines and so forth comprising ashell provided with partition plates provided with central openings to form a series of chambers in said shell, a drum mounted within said shell and having webs extending within each of said chambers and leaving free portions of said chambers to direct the exhaustv materialv outward through each chamber around the web, and thenradially inward on the other side of said web and through the central opening to the succeeding chamber and alseries of spiral 'c'iirved vanes on'each of-s aid' webs forming narrow spiral channels through which theexhaust passes in its-radial passages.

13. An exhaust silenceradapted for use with gas engines andso forth comprising a.

shell provided with partition plates pro- I vided with central openings to form a series of chambers in said shell, Webs extending WlthlIl each of said chambers and leaving free portions of said chambers to direct the exhaust material outward through each ,form a series of chambers in said shell, webs extending into said chambers to direct chamber around the web and then radiallyinward on the otherside of said web and through the central opening to the succeeding chamber and a series of spiralfcurvedl, vanes forming narrow. sp ral cha-nnels; through which the exhaustpasses in its.

radial passages;

14. An exhaust sllencer adapted for use with gas engines and so forth comprising shell provided with partition plates to the 'exhaust material outward through said chambers around the webs and then radially inward through central openings provided in said partition plates into the succeeding chambers and en wed vanes in said chambersforming narrow channels through which the exhaust is guided in passing successively riesof said chambers, the outer portions of said chambers being left free to allow c1reu-- lation of the exhaust around the same.

'16. An exhaustsilencer'adapted for use with gas "engines and'so forth comprising a shell provided with partitions to form a longitudinal series of communicating chambers in said shell, webs and curved vanes forming narrow gas channels extending into said chambers and leaving Iree the circumferential portions thereof in which to allow circulation of exhaustmaterial, to thereby direct the exhaust material outward through each of said chambers around the web and then inward through central openings provided in said partitions-into thesucceeding chambers, and effect" its: passage through said channels in passing successively through a series of said chambers 17. Anex-haust silencer adapted for use with gas engines and so forth comprising a shell provided with pa'rtitions tofforni a se ries of communicating chambers in said shell webs andvanes forming n'arrow gas channels extending into said'chambers and leaving free the circumferential portions thereof in which to allow circulation of. exhaust material, to thereby direct the exhaust material outward through each of said chambers. and then inward through open- 7 ings provided in said partitions into the-succeeding chambers and eflect its passage through said channels in passing successivelythrough-a series of said chambers.

18.- An xhaust silencer-adapted for with gas engines and so forth comprising a shell provided with partitions to form a se ries of communicating chambers n sa1d'. shell, webs and vanes forming channels ex-J tending into'said chambers andleaving free the circumferential portions thereof in which to allow circulation of exhaust ma- -terial around the inside of said shell, to direct the exhaust material through each of said" chambers around said-webs and parti tions 1n passing successively through a series of'said chambers, I k

This' spec ficationsigned-and witnessed this 21st day of Novembeiy'A. ,D., 1910."

' HIRAM'PEROYMAXIM.

' Signedin the presence of- R. R. SEYMOUR,

S. QsBoRN, w

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